Index Supplement to the Notes and Queries, with No. 30, July 24, 1880.
NOTES AND QUERIES:
VAv
V*
iiletftum of JEtttmommutttcattott
FOR
LITERARY MEN, GENERAL READERS, ETC.
"When found, make a note of." — CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
SIXTH SERIES.— VOLUME FIRST. JANUARY — JUNE, 1880.
LONDON:
PUBLISHED AT THK
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Index Supplement to the Notes and Queries, with No. 30, July 24, 1880.
A<
LIBRARY
S. I. JAN. 3, '80.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
1
LONDON, SATURDAY, JANUARY 3, 1880.
CONTENTS. — N° 1.
NOTES :— Our Sixth Series— The Morosini Palace at Venice, 1— My Collection of Book-Plates, 2— Episcopacy in Scotland in 1710, 4— An Unprinted Chartulary of St. John's Abbey, Colchester, 6— Tombstone Blunders. 7— The Maiden Election of 1699 8— Another Old View of Covent Garden Market, 9— Chap-Book Notes, 10— The Mystery of St. Pantaleon, or Church and Stage in 1653, 11— A Puzzle Solved— Notes on Chichester, 12— Provincial Fairs, 13— The First Draft of Cowper's Poem of "The Rose "—A Siamese Fable— "Maiden," 14— Two Welsh- English Versions of a Poem to the Virgin - The Visors of Woncot— William Jay of Bath— Joseph Hume. M.P., 15— American Spelling— Sir John Lubbock anticipated —American Folk-Lore, 18.
QUERIES :— Matthew Carey, Philadelphia, 1819— Meyler Fitz- Henry 16—" Princess "—Heraldic : Jocelyn Family— The History of Literary Forgery— Royalist or Cromwellite— Peer- age of Stockport— English Tobacco— Miles and Milestones,
, 17— " Augmentum "— Wolf Jacob von Forstner(?)—" Car- cell " : " Lesh Lumbert "— " The Land o' the Leal "—Church- wardens' Accounts—" Talis cum sis," &c.— Author named MacCulloch— 23rd Regiment of Foot— Singing Carols in Churches— T- Phaer, 18— Morrice Dance— " Anthony "—Or- deal by Floating in Witchcraft— " A pair of organs"— " Prestidigitateur " — "Esopus" Prices — Col. Lascelles, &c. — "Danmonii," 19— A Latin Bible— Authors Wanted, 20.
REPLIES :— The Father of Robert fitz Harding, 20 -A Topo- graphical Society for London, 21— "Don Quixote"— The Oxfordshire Election, 1754— W. Mudford— " Bamboozle "— Franz Liszt, 22— Adder Stones— Walkinghame— " British Curiosities in Nature and Art "—The Best Inkstand, 23— The Misuse of English by French Writers— Portrait of "Elizabeth, Countess of Derby "—Rabelais and Shakspeare —The Theatre at Parma— Octave Delepierre— Louis XIV.— " The Universal Magazine "— Vandyck's "Charles I.," 24— "The rank is but the guinea's stamp" — Visitation Books, &c.— "Posy"— Sir P. Sydenham— Print by David Loggan —"Perry"— A Roman Banquet— Bull-baiting in England —A Mediaeval Bell, 25— Manors in England and Ireland- Trousers first Worn— Baptismal Fonts— Authors Wanted, 26.
NOTES ON BOOKS :— Ashwell's " Life of Samuel Wilber- force "—Webb's "Herefordshire Memorials of the Civil War "— Pattison's " Milton '' — Arnold's "Henry of Hunting- don" (Rolls Series)— Hunter's " Encyclopedic Dictionary." ••
OUR SIXTH SERIES.
It is a great compliment to an editor who has abdicated his functions to be invited, long after that event has taken place, to resume his vacated chair and, if not to " give his little senate laws," to say a few words of thanks and acknowledgments to the friends and contributors of the journal which it was his good fortune to call into existence some thirty years ago. But the pride and grati- fication which I feel at this unexpected compli- ment are not without alloy, " Still from the fount of joy's delicious springs
Some bitter o'er the flowers its bubbling venom flings."
And the cheerful spirit in which I would point to the success of NOTES AND QUERIES, and thank those who have contributed to such success, is naturally toned down when I look round and see how many of those who originally did so have been taken away. Many of these were dear per- sonal friends, " not of the roll of common men." Peace to their honoured memories !
Happily for the cause of good earnest inquiry after literary and historical truth, their places have
been supplied by worthy successors, as a glance at the contents of this the opening number of our Sixth Series will abundantly testify. It is a number to which the editor may point in every way with justifiable pride, as an evidence of the high esteem in which " N. & Q." is held by men of eminence in literature and position.
Long may my offspring occupy the position which it so worthily fills ; and long may the con- tributors to dear old " N. & Q." greet each new series as I do this, Floreat ! Floreat I Floreat ! WILLIAM J. THOMS.
THE MOROSINI PALACE AT VENICE.
It may be interesting, before the last echoes of the discussion on the church of St. Mark have died away, to give a brief account of another monument at Venice, concerning which we trust that nothing that we can say will irritate the nerves even of the most susceptible Italian. Amongst the many palaces of Venice perhaps the most interesting of all is one which is the least known. In ordinary handbooks and descriptions of Venice hardly a word is given to the palace of Francesco Morosini. It is this which, owing to the kindness of friends staying in Venice during the memorable week in last autumn when so many famous personages by an accidental coincidence were congregated in that famous city, we were per- mitted to visit.
The interest of it consists in this. It belonged to Francesco Morosini, first General and then Doge of the Venetian republic, who, in consequence of his having conquered the Peloponnesus from the Turks, was called " The Peloponnesian " or " Pelo- ponesiaco."
All that travellers have ordinarily seen of this illustrious champion of Venice have been, first, the triumphal arch erected to him in the gallery of the Ducal Palace, and, secondly, the two colossal lions which he brought from the entrance of the Piraeus, and which may well be ranked amongst the fore- most historical relics of the world, not only because of their association with that renowned harbour to which in later times they gave the name of Porto Leoni, but because on the shoulders of one of them are engraved Etruscan characters of a date earlier, probably, than the Piraeus itself, and Runic inscriptions which describe the conquest of ;he Piraeus by the Norse seamen of the eleventh century.
The impressions conveyed by these memorials, even to a passing traveller, are greatly intensified when we enter the palace which was the actual labitation of this great warrior. Karely, either in [taly or in any other country, do we see the resi- dence of a famous personage continuing in its in- tegrity through such a lapse of time. His portraits abound in every part of the house, giving us a life-
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[6th s. I. JAN. 3, '80.
like representation of him alike in peace and war. His father, mother, cousins, and nephews surround him. The bronze likeness given to him even by the jealous Senate of the Republic still remains m his palace. The long gallery is entirely lined with pictures on an elaborate scale of his warlike ex- ploits in different parts of Greece. A chamber adjoining is filled with his trophies. There is the sword on the blade of which is inscribed the calen- dar of the ecclesiastical year, and then, as if by a reverse process, there is a small book of devotion with a pistol concealed in the thickness _ of its wooden cover — memorials which exhibit in sin- gular union the devout Catholic and the fierce soldier. There is also, as if to bring us into the most familiar connexion with his private life, the skeleton of his favourite cat, companion of his wars, having its paw on the skeleton of a mouse. His chapel, or rather small oratory, beautifully decorated, gives a like insight into his private de- votions, and within it is the splendid faldstool, or prie-dien, which accompanied him on board ship in all his voyages and in his tent throughout all his campaigns.
His exploits were carried on through a consider- able part of the seventeenth century, and if at Athens they were marked by the melancholy in- cident that it was a bombshell from his batteries that reduced the Parthenon to its present state of ruin, it must be remembered that the Acropolis was then ;i Turkish fortress, and that even in those comparatively uneducated times Morosini gave vent to his mingled grief and indignation in the cry, " 0 Athens ! nurse of arts and letters, what have I done to thee ? "
He died at Nauplia in Argolis, and his body was brought home and buried "in the church of St. Stephen, close by his palace. In the nave of that church the crrave js marked by a vast circular slab circumscribed with these words : FRANCISCI MATJ-
ROCENI rKLOPONNKSIACI VEXETIAUUJr TRINCiriS
OSSA. It was a, .striking spectacle to witness, standing silent around that pathetic gravestone, the circle of distinguished visitors who, as we have said, were congregated at that moment in the ;incient capital of the Adriatic.
The palace is still intact, and we trust that no remonstrance from England will be needed to pre- serve it unchanged, as nearly the sole relic of the ancient warrior chiefs of the great republic.
A. P. S.
MY COLLECTION OF HOOK-PLATES. Though a collection of book-plates may not seem a very lively subject, still it may be instructive, if not amusing ; the more so, perhaps, that this. par- ticular collection was made almost entirely forty years ago. In the outset, let me justify myself with those very worthy people who look on
collector of book-plates as a Goth, who defaces precious volumes by stripping them of what ren- dered them doubly precious, the evidence of their possession by this or that great man. Of this sin, it least, I am guiltless. I never plundered a volume n this way ; and if the captious critic proceeds to ask, How, then, did I acquire them ? — my answer s, that when the binding of old books becomes so dilapidated that they must be rebound, the book- plates which they contain would perish in the lands of the binder unless they were rescued, as mine have been. Perhaps it would be better to say ' would have," for I believe that at the present day bookbinders are quite aware of the value of book- plates, and preserve them when they fall into [heir hands. But at the time of which I write ihere were few or no collectors, and so it happened that I being a customer of the late Mr. John Lilly, the well-known bookseller, he was good enough to ave for me such book-plates as were to be found in the volumes which he intended to rebind.
Having thus freed my soul, I turn to the col- lection itself. It is not very large, for in all these forty years I have scarcely added anything to it. It cannot compare, therefore, with the collection formed by the Hon. Gerald Ponsonby in quantity, and perhaps not in quality, but it contains many most interesting objects, and some certainly which it will be hard to match. My purpose is, however, not to boast of my collection, but to call attention to a very interesting subject. Of Popes I have Barberini's book-plate, charmingly engraved, the keys of St. Peter and the lappets of the triple crown forming a shield for the bees of his family coat, while below are Romulus and Remus suckled by the she- wolf. Of cardinals, Cardinal Maury's book-plate, containing his arms below the cardinal's hat, and underneath the order of the St. Esprit, inscribed, " Bibliotheque particuliere de son Emi- nence M^r le Cardinal de Maury." Other foreign ecclesiastics I have, but I pass them over, and turn to our own Church. It is not every day that you cnn see the book-plate of Gilbert Burnet, Lord Bishop of Salisbury, Chancellor of the Most Noble Order of the Garter, yet it is here, recalling a whole chapter both of political and church history. We only glance at other Bishops of Salisbury, side by side with Chester and Durham —Van Mildert being the prelate who filled the last-named see — and pass on to more worldly dig- nitaries. Of our own royal family I have the book- plate of Her Most Gracious Majesty for her library at Windsor, a very beautiful p'iece of modern wood-engraving, together with the Prince Regent's bookplate, for his library at Carlton House, which is spelt "Carleton" House, and William IV.'s cipher and monogram, inscribed " Royal Library." I am not rich in foreign royal book-plates, that of Charles XIII., bearing the three crowns surrounded by the collar and cross of the order of the Seraphin
6th S. I. JAN. 3, '80.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
and his motto, " Folkets wal mint hogsta lag," " The people's weal my highest law."
Of our own nobility I have the book-plate of Augustus Henry, Duke of Qrafton, with his bend sinister across the royal arms of England, that of " the most noble Wriothesley, Duke of Bedford, Knight of the Most Noble Order of the Garter," dated 1703, a very beautiful specimen, showing only the Russell coat, with no quarterings, sur- rounded by the " Honi soit qui mal y pense " on the ribbon of the Garter, and below, the " Che sara sara," the well-known motto of the family. Side by side I have placed the book-plate of Hastings, Duke of Bedford, Woburn Abbey, an excellent example of modern wood -engraving, though, to my mind, not so good as the copper- plate of his ancestor. Next comes the plate of Richard, Duke of Buckingham, the spendthrift duke, who brought Stowe and its treasures to auction. His many quarterings and the " Templa quam dilecta " of his motto afford another proof, if any were needed, that modem temples, however much beloved, may be laid in ruin by impro- vidence. Of marquesses, I have Sligo, from the collection of Westport House, with its wise motto, <c Suivez raison," and the extinct Carnarvon, with its no less wise "Maintein le droit"; the more modern Lansdowne brings with it many memories of a house which has for two centuries deserved well of its country, whose motto, " Virtute, non verbis," does them but half justice, as from genera- tion to generation they have been able to debate in both Houses of Parliament. The family seem always to have been fond of books, for I have three or four book-plates of Earls of Shelburne. Of other earls I have book-plates of the " Rt. Hon. Algernon Capell, Earl of Essex, Viscount Maldon, and Baron Capell of Hadham," dated 1701, and of the " Right Hon. Philip Sydney, Earle of Leicester, Viscount Lisle, and Baron Sydney of Penshurst, 1704." These two are in the same style as that of the Duke of Bedford mentioned above, the shields containing one coat, with helmet and crest above the coronet, beautiful mantling, and the motto beneath. There is a grandeur and simplicity in the Or, a pheon sable, of the Sidneys, and a har- mony between it and the motto, " Quo fata vocant." Very interesting are the book-plates of the Earls of Delawarr, and better still that of the same house when they were only barons, with their fine old motto, " Jour de ma vie," and their two badges, a calthrop enclosing the letter r and a double- seeded rose, parti argent and gules. In the same way, the book-plate of the Earl of Guildford, en- circled by the ribbon of the Guelphic order and its motto, " La vertue est la seule noblesse," is anything but an improvement on that of his ancestor, " The Right Hon. Francis North, Baron of Guildford, 1703," his motto being " Animo et fide." Very good, too, is the book-plate of the
Right Hon. Charles, Viscount Bruce of Ampthill (son and heir-apparent of Thomas, Earl of Ailes- bury), and Baron Bruce of Whorleton, 1712. Nor, though as late as 1750, is the book-plate of " De- burgh, Earl of Clanricarde," with its fine old coat and noble motto, " Un roy, un foy, un loy," to be passed over without notice.
Extremely interesting are the cases where a succession of book-plates marks the rise of a noble family, and shows the steps by which it attained its honours. For instance, among the baronets in this collection is the book-plate of " Sir John Per- civale, Baronet, of Boston, in the county of Cork in Ireland, 1702," with the motto, "Sub cruce canto," punning on the crosses and canton in his coat. So the family remained for thirteen years. In 1715 we find "John, Ld Percival, Baron of Bo'ston, in the county of Cork in Ireland." In 1736 we find the book-plate of John Perceval, Earl of Egmont in the United Kingdom. These three plates were found pasted, one over the other, on the binding of the same book when it was sent to be rebound. Of other baronets, we find the book-plates of Pye, Mainwaring, Steuart of Colt- ness (afterwards changed to Steuart-Denham), Thorold of Syston Park, Wemyss of Bogie, Hut- chinson, Parker, with its flanges and stag's head cabossed, crest a hand grasping an antler, all alluding to the days when the first Parker kept the royal parks and forests. Nor should the plate of Sir Mark Masterman Sykes, the great book collector, be forgotten, who either copied from or was copied by a still greater collector, the Rt. Hon. Thomas Grenville, in the style of his book-plate. Earliest of the baronets is the book-plate of Sir John Anstruther of that ilk, baronet, with its motto, " Periissem nisi periissem."
I have only left myself space to glance at the rest of my collection. The book-plate of Cosmas Nevill, Esq., of Holt, Leicestershire, reminds the reader painfully of a magnificent library now scattered and dispersed ; that of Bryan Edwards, of Greenwich Park, Jamaica, recalls the historian of that island in the days when West India estates were worth having ; that of William Wilberforce has a deep interest, not only on account of the philanthropic labours of the man, but for those of his still more remarkable son Samuel. In that of Marsden is revived the memory of a great Ori- entalist, who bequeathed his fine library to King's College, London. The cross ragulee on the book- plate of the Dignums is worth mentioning, were it only for its punning motto, "Crucern ferre dignum." That of Dr. Dibdin, with its composite coat, formed out of Caxton's device and those of other early printers, recalls the days of bibliomania, when Lord Spenser and the Duke of Marlborough were outbidding each other at public auctions The simple book-plate of William Bromley, of Baginton, in the county of Warwick, conjures up
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[6'h g. i. JAN. 3, »80.
the shade of the Speaker of the House of Common in Queen Anne's days. The plate of Augustine Earle of Heydon, in Norfolk, represents an ancient famil} merged by marriage in that of the Bulwers. Tha of Alfred Thrale Perkins smacks of two worth} houses of brewers, whose draymen were champion of Kossuth. With that of John Wilkes, Esq., w come to another darling of the populace, whosi motto, alluding to the crossbow as his crest " Arcui nieo non confido," was anything but fitted to the character of the man. It might be said indeed, that he trusted too much both the crosi and long bow. On the same page stands the book plate of James Bindley, a great book collector A little further on comes that of Joseph Haslewood an antiquary, who had hard fights with Eitson, anc whose work on book rarities, which he entitled Nut- megs for Nightingales, is forgotten. John Towne ley's, with its simple coat and fine motto, " Tenes le yraye," recalls a name venerable both for lineage anc for good report in literature and art. The book-plate of Anna Darner has an interest of its own, beside? the artistic genius of the owner, for it was designed by her friend Agnes Berry in 1793, one of the two sisters whom some of us at least can remember in their extreme old age. The name of Sir Francis Preeling reminds us of a man who, besides being Secretary to the Post Office, was another biblio- maniac, and had a choice library. The book-plate of uRic. Rawlinson, A.M. e. Coll. Di. Jo. Bapt., Oxon., et Pi.S.S.," bears witness to the good taste of one of our oldest antiquarians, borne out by his motto, " Sunt antiquissima quajque optima." That of William Blackstone tells of Sir William, one of our greatest legal luminaries, even though his famous commentaries have, in spite of constant mending, become almost antiquated and worn out. That of Jenny, of Preston Hall, with its many quartering*, speaks of an ancient family which re- ceived such deadly blows at the hand of the mur- derer Rush.
Besides these there nre many more which cannot be now mentioned. If it be asked, What is the oldest book-plate ?— the question is not easy to answer. The oldest in this collection is that of Joseph Barnes, or Josephus Barnesius, who was printer to the University of Oxford about the middle of Elizabeth's reign. It is very interesting and almost deserves a notice to it.self. Amon"' my foreign book-plates is one dated 1590, belomnnS to Thomas Lunde Canon. ,3. Joannis Ratis." Lhis is a book-plate in every sense of the word with amis, mantling, crest, und inscription com-' plete. _ Perhaps still older is a large woodcut belonging to some medireval monastery. I read the arms Party per pale gules and argent, over all a fir nn —
column restin» on the caPifcal of a
Let me add, before I cease this notice that several of these book-plates came from volumes
which formed part of Heber's magnificent library, and have written on them, according to his invariable practice, the price of each book, and from whom, or at what auction, it was bought.
G. W. D.
Athenasum Club.
[We hope to receive many such interesting notes from our valued correspondent, and especially on " Book- Plates." May we refer him to the Pall Mall Gazette of Nov. 19 and Dec. 18, 1877, for evidence that the subject has not hitherto attracted so much attention in this country as its interest would justify ]]
EPISCOPACY IN SCOTLAND IN 1710. The paper which follows, from the original afc "Wroxton Abbey, may interest the historians of the Church of Scotland. Though short it is compre- hensive, and gives a detailed account of the different Episcopal congregations in that country in 1710, with other particulars. It is entitled : —
" Remarks on some Affairs in Scotland since my going- thither, in October, 1709, concerning the Disposition of the Nobility towards Episcopacy ; of the People in their several Shires ; the Persecution of some Episcopal Minis- ters ; and some Particulars touching the Presbyterian Ministers."
The name of the writer is not given, but the paper appears to have been intended for the infor- mation of the Government, the queen herself being, as is well known, inclined to favour the Episco- palians. In the appendix to Lawson's History of he, Scottish Episcopal Church (Edinburgh, 1843, 8vo.), p. 515, is a paper on the " State of' the Epis- copal Church in 1708," which may be compared with the present " Remarks." The former would seem to have been written by a Presbyterian, the atter certainly by an Episcopalian.
First the Nobility and Gentry do generally embrace or sspouse the Episcopal persuasion and use of the English jiturgy. Many of them profess it openly, and some for )rivate reasons or those of State are secret in their re- pec ts towards it.
Dukes of Hamilton, Queensberry. Roxburgh.— Well nclined.
Buccleuch, Athol.— Profest.
Marquis of Annandale. — Inclined.
Earls of Errol, Marshal, Morton, Glencairn, Eglinton, •radiator, Carnworth, Dysart, Panmure, Northesk, Kin- ardin, Balcarras.— Profest Episcopals.
Duridonald, Dumbarton, Kintore, Braidalbin, Aberdeen, Junmore, March, Cromarty, Roseberry, Cassils, Murray, Yinton, Linlitligow, Hume, Wigton, Strathmore, Aber- orn, Kelly, Dumfries, Southesk, Dalhousey, Airly Port- iore, Bute, Delorain.— Profest Episcopals.
Marr, Selkirk, Kilmarnock, Orkney, Ru^len, Seafield, tair, Galloway, Lauderdale, Kinoul, Weems.— Inclined.
Viscounts of Falkland, Stormont, Kenmore, Kilsyth, ' NewhaTen> Kingston, Strathallan.—
Barons of Salton, Gray, Sinclair, Semple, Elphinston ovat, Lindors, Brdminno, Forrester, Pitaligo, Frazer, -nff, Elibank, Hackorton, Duffua, Nairn, Dingwel, allenden.— Profest Episctpals.
Mordington, Blantyre, Oliphant, Belhaven.-Inclined.
secondly the populace are generally Presbyterian in
:st and Southern parts; but not go in the north of
Qth 8. I. JAN. 3, '80.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
Scotland : the men of Estates & education every where are mostly Episcopal. A regard to the Church of England Liturgy does daily encrease, so that tho' before the Re- volution very few had the Common Prayers and none received ve Sacrament of the Lord's Supper kneeling ; yet now there be many thousands of ye Episcopalians that use ye former, and almost all of them do ye latter. An account of them in the several shires is as follows.
In the S. Western shires, Galloway, Ayre, Renfrew, La- nark and Dumfreis, they are the most bigotted to Presby- tery & ye Covenant, from which were ye Insurrections at Pentland hills, and Bothwel Bridge ; yet there be some well disposed to the Church and Liturgy, who take opportunities to communicate therewith when they come to Edinburgh, or can send for Episcopal Ministers to their Houses.
In Dumbartonshire are Cowgratins ffamily, Chappel- tons, & Kilmarnocks, to which are great Resorts of Clergy and Laity ; as also to ye Meeting House at Dumbarton. In Stirlingshire is a Chaplain in Vis1 Kilsyths ffamily ; & a great congregation in the Church of England Meet- ing House at Stirling, and also at ye Earl of Linlithgows in Callender House.
In Perthshire there be Meeting Houses at Down, Mint- hill, Perth, Muglef?), Innerman, the Carse of Gowry, &c., besides Chaplains at ye Lord Stormonts & Nairne, & Lairds of Loggys, Kerrys, Blagowroa & Grandully.
In ffifeshire are English Meeting Houses at Cowper, Crail, ffftlklarid, Sl Andrews and many other places, be- sides Chaplains at the Earls of Murrays & Kellys.
In Angus are Meeting Houses at Montross & Dundee, & Chaplains at ye Earls of Strathnarn, Southesk & Pan- mure's ; besides many Episcopal Ministers yet in their Churches ; there are about a hundred of them in the north of Scotland, who according to the 23 Act of Parliamt 1693, confirmed by ye 27 of 1695, and other subsequent Acts, if they took the oath of allegiance, and were then in possession of their Churches & Benefices, they continue. In Mernishire [Kincardinshire ?] are Meeting Houses at Stonehive & Fettercrosse.
In Aberdeenshire are several Meeting Houses for ye
English service with two in * and several Episcopal
Ministers yet in their Churches. In Murrayshire are English Meeting Houses at Elgin,
Duffus, Torras. Aberlour, &c., with many Episcopals
yet in their Churches.
In Ross-shire is an English Meeting House at Canonry, besides many Episcopal. In this last shire, and those of Inverness, Cromarty, Kincardin & Caithness are more Episcopals than Presbyterian Min™ in their Churches, & ye people so generally disposed to ye fformer, that few or none will hear the Presbyterian Preachers.
In Orkney there is a great Meeting House for ye Eng- lish Service at Kirkwal, and the Gentry generally thereto disposed thro' all that country.
In West-Lothian or Linlithgow are many fiamilys that resort to the English Service.
In Mid-Lothian are 14 or 15 Meeting Houses in Edinburgh, & so general a Disposition therein for ye English Liturgy that they want nothing but liberty & encouragemt to gain them wholly to it. There are also Meeting Houses at Leith, Dalkeith, & Musselburgh. In East-Lothian are Meeting Houses at Trenant & Hadding- ton where is an Episcopal Minister in his Church, as also at Dunbar, & a Chaplain at ye Countess of Roxburghs.
In Berwickshire is a Meeting-House at Coldingham, and an Episcopal Minister at the Earl of Humes. In Teviotdale is a Meeting-House at Kelso. In Tweedale, are many Episcopal Ministers yet in their Churches, &
* Hero and in several other places the original ia de- aced.
much people well dispos'd & yet notwithstanding the numbers and quality of the Episcopalians the Presby- ;erian Ministers do violently press.
Thirdly the Persecution of the Episcopal Ministers, [t is too true yl many of the Episcopalians have not given Testimony of their affection to the present Governm1. But if any Difference be made in their furious Persecu- tion of ye Episcopals, as to that respect, it is rather more fierce against those that swear to, or pray for Her Maj"M Person & Government, and this raises or continues their prejudices against the Governmt. when they suffer so nuch and so long under it.
Mr. Greenshields is a known case, since his Imprison1 were these persecutions.
Mr. James Lyon for reading the Liturgy at Kirkwal in Orkney, from the Presbytery was before y* Lords Jus- ticiary prosecuted with violence, but the Prosecution drop't this summer session thro' ye Informality of the process.
Mr Ross of Cowper & Mr Hunnyman of Crail in Fife, were prosecuted by the Presbytories for using the Eng- lish Service Book, and should have been pursued by the Criminal Court, or Magistrates, but y* they wait ye issue of Mr Greenshields case before the House of Lords.
The Chaplains to the Lords Stormont & laird of Bla- gowre & Mr Wm Smith were pursued by ye Presbyterian Church Judicatorics for reading the Common Prayers, but at present stops, tho' yet depending.
of Glasgow, was in July last threatned with
the utmost severity, by the magistrates if he did
not withdraw his Episcopal Meeting from y« City:
upon to retire into the Country Magistrates
ef Elgin were prosecuted by that Presbytery and
from ye circuit before ye justiciary in ffebruary
last, [but they wisely drop't it] for not [keepi]ng the fast against Innovations in the Presbyterian Worship, enjoyned only by y8 Commission of the Assembly, upon that act of theirs against Mr Green- shields. Yet that Judiciary is not establish'd or autho- rized upon any act of Parliament, nor is there any statute yt without wresting, can subject the Episcopal Clergy to any Presbyterian Judicature, nor favour their prosecu- tions, except yl act about Irregular Marriages and Bap- tism's, 12th Act of Parl : 1695 : and Mr Hay of Aberlour in Murray, was in October last pursued by the Lord Minto in the Circuit Court, for reading the English Liturgy in a Meeting House of great resort, and when the Jury gave up a verdict for acquitting him, he forced them with threats to return, and gave him in guilty, and not having law otherwise to punish him, having baptized children, he thereupon sentenced him to perpetual Imprison4 or Banishment from his Country, to which last he was forced to submit ; and now resides at London, and all this severity against him, that was otherwise inoffensive, and always pray'd for the Queen, and had converted many papists. Mr Skinner Minister of Brichen by many unjust and irregular proceedings was deposed from his Church by that Presbytery, and imprisoned in Edinburgh Tolbooth by the Justiciary, until he should go into Banish- ment, or give security never to exercise any part of his Ministerial ffunction within Scotland. Mr Downes of Petty near Inverness, was somewhat like case. Mr Sheen & Mr Sutherland's Meeting House for ye English Service in Nidderies Wyhd was shut up by ye Magistrates of Edin- burgh, in ye summer 1709, and being open'd again by these Ministers in October 1710, it is now threat'ned to be again shut up, & ye Ministers punish'd, after the de- termination of Mr Greenshield's case. All these fore- going ffacts being within something more than one year, it may be considered what usage the Episcopals have met with in the course of 22 years, & will hereafter, if ye Presbyterian Cruelty be not allay'd.
8
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
S. I. JAN. 3, '80.
Fourthly some particulars concerning the Presbyterian
Not above h»lf of them have taken the oath of alle- giance : tho' they scruple not other oaths, and are by law- obliged hereto. & forfeit their livings upon Refusal; as
Many of them if not the most, do from their pulpits revile the Bishops & Church of En-land with the bitterest expressions, as M' Webster, M" Mitchell, M' Hart, M' M'Vicar, Mr Milner, &c., in Edinburgh, Mr Wishart in Leith 31' Burriet in Falkirk, Mr Williamson in Mussel- burgh, &c. Daniel de Foe, for his good services by the Review,* has ten shillings sterling p' anm at least from every PresbyUrian Minister, and many gifts from the Communion, and otherwise, as particularly a considerable sum from ye Sacrament at Leith in Autumn 1 1 09, and last New Years day, a present from the Magistrates of Edinburgh of about twenty guineas.
The Presbyterian Ministers do all baptize the children into the Westminster Confession of Faith, or Assemblies Catechism, and some of them into the solemn League and Covenant, as do 31 r Hamilton of Aerth, near Stirling, Mr Cameron of Kircubright, Mr Cleland in Sholtsjl], Mr Gordon in Askirk, Mr Lumen in Lesmayo &c. Some- times they ordain their Ministers thereunto, as did Mr Loggan ,kc. to Mr Davison of Stirling Castle this last summer ; altho' that yc 5th Act of Parliament 1685, is not
their clamours against the ignorance or immorality
aggravates their own crimes ; for without malice or
falshood it Presbyterian Ministers are mostly very
ignorant, & some exceed There have of late been
some deposed for adultery, drunkeness, as Mr McNay
in Sutherland, Mr Ramsay & Mr Lowry in Nid-
disdale, Mr Tweedale, Mr Hannah in Ayre, Mr Harley
& 3Ir Ja was pursued for udultery in Perthshire &c.
and some yet in their Churches as Mr Sands of Byrsa in Orkney &c. Mr Stewart in Annandale, on the stool of Repentance.
Yet their encouragement for learning and good life should be thought considerable in that cheap country, of their 920 Livings in Scotland there being none but what are above 50;i ster : p' an'm and freed altogether from the Incumbrances of Taxes & Dilapidations. Decr 29th 1710. Ev. PH. SHIRLEY.
AN UN PRINTED CHARTULARY OF ST. JOHN'S
ABBEY, COLCHESTER.
I have lately been enabled, by the kindness of the Dowager Countess Cowper, to make a hurried examination of the MS. chartulary of St. John's Abbey, Colchester, which was acquired, with the site of the abbey, by the ancestor of Lord Lucas in 1548, and has been preserved as an heirloom by his descendants to the present day. As this MS. is net likely to be printed or to find many readers at Wrest Park, it seems worth recording in "X. & Q.'' what it contains. It forms a noble volume, with parchment leaves of folio size, and is in such excellent preservation that the illuminated initials are as bright, and the ink is as alack, as if it had been written yesterday. I had not time to make out the precise date of its com- pilation, but it is at least 450 years old, for some instruments dated in the reign of Henry VI. have
Preface to the
ry of the Union, l-y Daniel De
been added in a later hand. It contains some 3,000 charters, and begins with Eudo Dapifer's charter of foundation, which is printed No. II. in the Monasticon (iv. 609). This is followed by the great charter of confirmation from King Henry I., which is dated at Rouen " in the month and year that King Henry's son William, Hex designatus, married at Lisieux, Matilda, daughter of the Count of Anjou," viz., June, 1119. This was reckoned the most important of the abbey title deeds, and a detailed account of how it was drawn up and executed is prefixed to the charter, and will have a special interest for readers of Mr. Freeman's note on the education of Henry I. (Norrnan Conquest, iv. 796), as supplying the direct contemporary evidence which the historian was unable to find of Henry Beauclerc's familiar knowledge of the' English tongue. The story of the charter runs as follows : —
When Abbot Gilbert found that the monks had no muniments or title deeds, he had a charter drawn up defining the possessions, franchises, and privi- leges of the abbey. Osmond the prior was then sent across the Channel with this charter to beg the founders, Eudo Dapifer and his wife Rohese, to get it confirmed by King Henry, who was then in Normandy. Eudo and his wife were at Preaux (Pratellis) when Osmond brought them the charter, and they took it to the king at Rouen, where he- was holding his court. John of Bayeux, a " noble clerk and the king's cousin," began to read the charter to the king, but when he came to the fran- chises and privileges, which were written in English (" consuetudines Anglice scriptas "), he left off reading because he did not know their meaning. "Tune Rex ipse, erat enim optime litteratus, cartain accepit legit et iis qui aderant exposuit." The king then said to Eudo, " For the love of God and you both, libens omnia concedo libensque subscribo." The charter was also subscribed by the bishops, nobles, and chaplains in attendance at court,, amongst whom were Eudo Dapifer's brothers-in- law, Roger Fitz Richard and his brother Robert. John of Bayeux, " Regis Capellanus," signs first of the royal chaplains. He was the son of William the Conqueror's half-brother, Odo, Bishop of Bayeux, and had a son Robert, who married the heiress of the great Norman house of De Humet, and was the father of Richard de Humet, hereditary Con- stable of Normandy under Henry II. John is mentioned by Ordericus Vitalis as a favourite in the court of Henry I, but I learn for the first time from this charter that he was a clerk in holy orders, and that the Constables of Normandy sprang from a double bastardy.
One of the most valuable features of this char- tulary is that it contains not only the grants of benefactors to the abbey, but the charters from which donors derived their title to the lands they gave. These charters clear up many points of
6th S. I. JAN. 3, '80.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
difficulty and interest in baronial history. For example, the details of Eudo Dapifer's career hitherto imperfectly known, can be picked oul from the series of royal grants of his acquisitions subsequent to Domesday. The charter of Henry I., by which Eudo was reinstated in all his estates as he held them on the day that William II. died, is dated " on the first day of the week after the Purification of the B. Virgin, after the concord made between me and my brother Robert apud Wesbian"* viz., February, 1102 ; whilst the grant of the city of Colchester, with the tower there and the castle and all firmitatee, " to hold as freely as my father King William and I myself held them," is dated at Westminster on the first Christmas .after the same concord with Robert Curthose. This chartulary also contains positive proof of an error which I have long suspected, for it is asserted in Dugdale and all the Baronages that Eudo Dapifer left a daughter Margaret, who married William -de Magnaville, and was the mother of Geoffrey, Earl of Essex, who played so prominent a part in the reign of King Stephen. I must reserve for another occasion how this error arose, when it was patent that the Magnavilles, whether in or out of favour at court, never inherited Eudo's Honour or estates. It is sufficient to say now that the chartulary contains both negative and positive evidence that Eudo Dapifer and his wife Rohese never had any children. This appears negatively from the silence of the movent clauses in their -benefactions to St. John's. For example : —
"I Rohais, widow of Eudo Dapifer, grant to the monks of St. John's the manor of Hallingbury and the lands •which my brother Gilbert gave me, for the souls of King William and Queen Matilda, and of my father ajid mother, and of my husband Eudo Dapifer, and of my brother Gilbert, and of all my kindred, and for my own salvation." Witnesses, Turstin, Archbishop of York, and Roger his brother.
This is only one of many charters which imply that they left no child, but positive proof of the fact is contained in the solemn instrument by which the church of St. Mary West Cheap in London, then called New Church, was confirmed to Abbot Gilbert by Henry I. :—
" Recognitum fuit coram Rege Henrico in curia sua apud Westmonasterium, that on the day that King William II. was alive and dead, the church called New Church London was included in the fee of Eudo Dapifer. This was certified by the testimony of Hamo de St. Claro, Ralph de Ambli, Robert de Caron, Esmelin de Argentine, Amfrid, formerly Eudo Dapifer's chaplain, and others of his barons. Then the court resolved ' ista debere re- manere sicut erat quum rex suscepit coronam regni, quum non existence herede aliquo res Eudonis venit in regis arbitrio et jure, ita rex reddidit Abbati Colecest. Gilberto ecclesiain,' &c."
This is by no means the only correction of Dug-
* None of the chronicles give the name of the place at which this concord was made between King Henry and his brother.
dale supplied by this chartulary, for it contains materials for better pedigrees of the baronial fami- lies of Lanvallei, Martel, Magnaville, Sackville, St. Claro, and others ; but this note is already too long. EDMOND CHESTER WATERS.
TOMBSTONE BLUNDERS.
That implicit reliance is not to be placed on tombstone inscriptions is a maxim accepted by all careful genealogists. How or when the numerous blunders — examples of which may be found in every antiquary's collections— were originally per- petrated it is generally impossible to determine, but it is probable that they may be all attributed to one of two causes, ignorance or sheer careless- ness. As a rule, however, so far as my experience goes, they were not in the original inscriptions, but occurred in recutting. In some instances the fictitious dates thus engraved have been accepted and perpetuated as historical. The case of the Princess Mary is one in point. On her monument in Westminster Abbey it is stated that she died on December 16, 1607, while it is certain that she died on September 16 in that year, but it is the former date which always appears in the pedigrees of the royal family. A more flagrant blunder of this sort was made at the Abbey within the last few years, when, on a stone placed, over the grave of Ambrose Fisher, the " Blind Scholar;" the year of his burial was given as 1630, although the Abbey register records it on November 24, 1617 (see " N. & Q.," 4th S. vi. 177, 203). A few other examples of such inaccuracies may be found interesting.
In the south ambulatory .of the Abbey Church of Eomsey, Hants, is an elaborate monument, a portion of the inscription on which I quote (the whole may be found in the little history of the church by Charles Spence, published in 1851) : —
" Here lyeth interred ye body of John Storke,
Who was twice Mayor of this Corporation, Who died the xixth of December MDCCXI, aged LXXI : Also Mercy his wife, who died xxmd of May MDCCXI :
And John Storke, their eldest son, Who died the ind of July, MDCCXXIII, aged LVI ;
Also Mary his wife,
Who died the xxxth of November, MDCCXXIV aged xxxn."
Lest there might be an error in the printed copy of this inscription I obtained a careful rubbing, 'rom which I quote. The blunders in these few ines are twofold. Mercy, wife of the first John Storke, actually died on May 23, and was buried on May 25, 1702, not 1711, as appears by an entry in the register and on a small stone over her grave, and also by the facts that her husband re- married the next year, and his second wife, Martha, survived him. The second error is curious, for the dates and ages are correct in themselves, although
NOTES AND QUERIES. [«- * '• J«- 3' >8°-
8
„ the second John Storke I hundred years, at least, the concluding line* have
sijS^^SS • -r^rr
two as is abundantly proved by the . Geo: Dvnn, Chyrvg: Bonis."
k small stone over tl grave, an< ^^ ^ ^ difficulty in understanding that
^&or2 church of Little Compton
Warwickshire, is a flat stone over the remains of Sir William Juxon, Bart. The inscription states that his mother was "Elizabeth, a daughter of Sir John Walter, of Sarsden, in the county of Oxford, Bart " while nothing is more certain than that sne was a daughter of Sir William Walter. Another inscription in the same chancel states that Eliza- beth Pory (nee Juxon) died in 1652-3, in her ' ' r, hence born in 1623. la the affidavit was issued, dated
" Bonis "1 I sought in vain for a satisfactory solution from antiquaries and Latin scholars. The late Mr. Thomas Watts, of the British Museum, made perhaps the most ingenious shot when he suggested that George Dunn erected the monument "of his goods," i.e. paid for it out of his own pocket ; but it is due to his memory to say that he was not more than half serious on this occasion. Subse- quently, however, I chanced to discover a copy of the inscription, made in 1639, three years only ancestor's death, in which this perplexing
twenty-eight, hence really born in 1612, and contraction of " Londmensis, which of course set therefore in her forty-first year at her death. the matter right and at rest. Clearly the m
In the south chapel of East Horndon Church, scription has been recut at some period, and as
is a splendid monument of the Tyrell family, clearly the recutter misread the word. _ It records that Sir John Tyrell died April 5, 1676, I might multiply these examples md efinitely, aged eighty-two, and that Dame Martha his wife, but enough have been given to show that they are daughter of Sir Lawrence Washington, of Stonage, confined to no particular periods or localities. Wilts, Knt, died " December }- 17, 1679, in the I JOSEPH LEMUEL CHESTER.
90th year of her age." If correct, she would have
been born in or about the year 1590, which is . MATTHTY VTFOTTOX OP 1699
impossible, as her father, if even an eldest child, THE MALDEN ELECT
could not at that date have been more than eleven Your readers will doubtless remember that some years old, his parents having been married in the years ago two prominent members of the House ot year 1578 ; and on his own monument at Garsden, Lords raised the question whether peers had not Wilts, it i.s stated that he died May 14, 1643, in a legal right to vote at Parliamentary elections, his sixty-fourth year, which, if accurate, fixes his There was a prevalent impression in the public birth in 1579. Lady Tyrell's only sister was not mind that the members of the Upper House could born until 1622, and her only brother was born in put forward no claim to take part in elections for 1623. I have reason to believe that she was their the return of members, and it was known that a senior, and born in or about 1620, and hence in resolution to that effect had been repeated in every her sixtieth year at her death. Although the House of Commons for the better part of two monument in question presents no appearance of hundred years. But on the other hand it was
obvious that such a resolution, taken by itself, could not possibly have the force of an Act of been given as ninety, and the probability is that Parliament ; and Lords Salisbury and Beauchamp the inscription has since been recut, and that the were laudably anxious to have the existing state first figure, having become indistinct, was mistaken of the law distinctly ascertained by seeking to
have their names put upon the register of voters, and instructing counsel to defend their claim before the Court of Common Pleas. When the case came on for hearing, however, their lordships* counsel threw up their briefs, declaring that they
A strange, though not vitally important, blunder had not been able to find the vestige of a prece- on the monument of one of my own ancestors— the dent in favour of the supposed right which it Rev. John Rogers, " the famous Parson of Dedham," would otherwise have been their duty to advocate, in Essex — was for many years a crux to me, and and judgment was accordingly given that such
for nine, the advanced age of her husband also affording some reason for assimilating her age to his. At all events, it is absolutely certain that she was some thirty years younger than the assigned her on the monument.
to all to whom I submitted it. His bust was put up in the chancel of the church shortly after his
right had no existence in law.
One precedent, and one alone, was referred to
death in 1636, and there is no indication that the as having any bearing upon the question, and that inscription has ever been renewed. For the last was the Maiden election of 1699, which it was
6th S. I. JAN. 3, '80.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
9
assumed by the counsel of the two peers abso- lutely governed the law of the case for all future ages. I cannot help thinking that if, even on this assumption, the circumstances of that notable case had been a little more carefully inquired into, the learned counsel would have acted otherwise, and the court would have come to a very different decision. It is quite true that after the election in question the House of Commons instituted an inquiry, and after the inquiry passed the resolution, •which has ever since been repeated, " that no peer of this kingdom hath any right to give his vote in the election for any member to serve in Parlia- ment." But on the other hand it is obvious, and was indeed expressly admitted, that a mere reso- lution of one House of Parliament could not dis- franchise any person or body of persons whatsoever. On the authority of Coke and Blackstone, however, it was considered that in matters which concerned the right of an individual member to sit in either House, that House constituted a court whose decision could not be called in question ; and as it seemed that the House of Commons in 1699 sat as a court touching the validity of the Maiden election, the principle embodied in the resolution on that occasion must be considered to have the force of a judicial decision.
Such, it seems, was the legal theory by which the Court of Common Pleas was governed ; and if it could be shown that in 1699 the House of Com- mons successfully vindicated ite jurisdiction as a court, the case, no doubt, would be complete. Unfortunately, the historical side of the question was not sufficiently examined, else it would have been found that the facts were quite otherwise. There is not merely no evidence whatever that the House of Commons was " sitting as a court" when the resolution was passed, but there is very strong evidence indeed against it. For, in fact, the case had been already disposed of ; the election Com- mittee had brought up their report in favour of the sitting member ; that report had been approved by the House, and the Maiden case had thus been completely settled when the House proceeded to the resolution above quoted. And if it be con- tended in this nineteenth century that such a resolution had the force of law, all I can say is, it was not so contended by that very House of Com- mons in which the resolution was passed ; for, if it had been so, the member for Maiden ought to have been unseated. The point seems utterly to have escaped observation that the Maiden election was carried by a majority of one in favour of the candidate for whom the Earl of Manchester had voted ; yet the House of Commons, instead of declaring the election void as having been carried only by the vote of a peer, declared by a large majority that the sitting member, Ireby Montague, Esquire, was " duly elected a Burgess to serve in this present Parliament for the borough of Maiden."
Under these circumstances it seems to me that the resolution of the House of Commons amounted only to this — that the Earl of Manchester had, in the opinion of the House, done wrong in voting, but that, as he actually had voted, his vote could not be set aside. It was for this reason, I take it, and to protest as much as possible against a practice for which there was felt to be no legal remedy in those days, that the resolution, as framed in the Parliament of 1699, " that no peer of this kingdom hath any right," &c., was repeated in following Parliaments, until it came to be con- sidered—what it certainly is not — an authoritative statement of the law.
I wish to add that I write this with no desire to reopen a question which is considered to have been set at rest, but solely for the better under- standing of a point in constitutional history.
JAMES GAIRDNER.
Record Office.
ANOTHER OLD VIEW OP COVENT GARDEN MARKET.
I have recently met with a curious oil painting, representing old Covent Garden Market, at Wim- pole Park, Cambridgeshire, the residence of the Earl of Hardwicke. The view, like those recently noticed in "N. & Q." (5» S. xii. 441, 469, 481), is taken from the eastern extremity of the square, and from an upper window of a house towards the north-east corner. The portico of the church in the centre looks low, and the column also appears small. The north side of the square is very much foreshortened, with a dark shadow sloping across it on the right side as if caused by an early morning sun. The same shadow extends over the whole of the front of the picture. The open area is not paved, but covered with green litter or rushes. The space is crowded with figures in gay dresses, and presents a very animated scene. Workmen are seen repairing the arcade on the right side. Between the opening of James Street and the front of the picture, eight arches may be counted, and lamps are observable beneath them. From one of the piers on the north side projects a large square board inscribed, " Haddock's Bagnio. Sweatings, Cuppings and Bathings at 2." The figures are very varied, and the costume of the ladies indicates a period about 1760. One lady, buying flowers, is attended by a black boy in a turban, as seen in the pictures of Hogarth and Jervas. The men wear hats, excepting a young clergyman, who is bare-headed, and figures in a black gown. Market carts, waggons, and sedan chairs are introduced. There is no brazen pot on a post at the corner of King Street, nor are dishes suspended along the eaves of the shop-front belonging to it. A long row of flat-roofed sheds occupies the ground near, and to the south of, the central column. The clock, as shown by Hogarth, in his print of
NOTES AND QUERIES.
the A
"Morning," in the eastern pediment of church is very elaborately ornamented, weathercock surmounts it, and the western tower is very small. The present spire of St. Martin s Church rises conspicuously over the houses to tne left. The sky is pale blue, with light clouds, and the outline of the dark buildings cuts harshly against it. The buildings are drawn in a formal, architectural style, and wanting in what may be termed physiognomical peculiarities. _ ^
The distance at which the picture is hung in its present locality and the objects by which it is surrounded preclude the possibility of a fuller examination. No name of artist was associated with the picture, and no signature could, under the circumstances, be detected. Herbert Pugh, the painter referred to by MR. AUSTIN DOBSON (" N. & Q.," 5th S. xii. 442), resided in Covent Garden Market, and as this view is seen from above, it may prove to be the work of his hand, taken from his own window.
The picture is on canvas, and about four feet by three. The " Morning Visit to Covent Garden," exhibited by Pugh at the Society of Artists^ in 1775, corresponds with a smaller picture looking towards the north-east corner of the Market, and showing, on the extreme left, the house, now the " Unicorn Tavern," at the corner of Henrietta Street. This picture is also in the collection of the Duke of Bedford in Eaton Square. In this picture the arrangement of the shadows shows it to be a very early morning scene. The costumes of the figures in the latter painting suggest a date about 1780, of which no history is known.
GEORGE SSHARF.
CHAP-BOOK NOTES.
NO. II.— MR. DOUCE ON PENNY HISTORIES.
MR. EBSWORTH'S article on the subject of chap- books in "N. & Q." (5th S. xii. 461), has recalled to my mind some fragments of an interesting con- versation which I had in the year 1827 with my kind and learned old friend Mr. Douce on the subject of Penny Histories. It probably had its rise in my having had the good fortune to pick up rather an interesting collection of them while hunting over bookstalls for materials for my series of Early English Prose Romances, the publication of which commenced in that year.
My lucky find consists of two volumes, the second and third of what had originally been a series in three. The tracts are all described on their title-pages as '; Printed and sold in Alder- mary Church Yard, London." In some of them the words " Bow Lane " precede " London."
Each volume contains twenty-seven Penny His- tories, alphabetically arranged, with a very neatly written MS. index. I think it very likely some of the accomplished gentlemen in the MS. Depart-
ment of the British Museum might identify the handwriting, and so recognize who had been the original collector.
The volumes have been uniformly half-bound, but each has lost one cover. The second is lettered " Ancient Histories, Vol. 2, F-M," the first tract being Partridge and Flamsted's New and Well Experienced Fortune Book, and the last, The Famous History of the Seven Wise Mistresses of Rome, &c. The third volume, which is lettered "Ancient Histories, Vol. 3, M-W," commences with Doctor Merryman ; or, Nothing but Mirth, and ends with The World Turned Upside Down ; or, the Folly of Man Exemplified in Twelve Comical Relations, &c.
My learned friend pointed out to me, in a way which, after the lapse of half a century, I will not attempt to follow in detail, how many of these very Penny Histories were only degenerated, modernized, and abridged versions of the Romances of Chivalry which had been centuries ago the de- light of our ancestors, and of which the earliest versions were preserved in old manuscripts of extreme rarity and of great value. Guy of War- iciclc was one to which he specially referred, and of this there is a copy in my second volume.
In illustration of this part of the subject, Mr, Douce mentioned a curious conversation with a great dealer in books of this class, resident, if I remember rightly, in Shoe Lane, who explained to him that, as printing became more expensive, the publishers of penny histories used to strike out some of the letter-press and supply the place of it by inserting additional woodcuts.
These woodcuts he characterized as being some- times of considerable interest, for the illustration they afford of bygone manners and customs ; as, for instance, on the title-page of the Strange and Wonderful Relation of the Old Woman that was Drowned at Ratcliff Highway a fortnight Ago, &c., there is one of the earliest known representations of the old ducking stool. And with reference to this very woodcut, he related an amusing anecdote of Miss Banks, the sister of Sir Joseph, who took great interest in historical and antiquarian inquiries, as her collections on the Order of the Garter in the British Museum sufficiently prove.
Mr. Douce having told her of this engraving, she became very anxious to procure a copy of the story of The Old Woman of Ratcliff Highway, and on his telling her she could get it in Shoe Lane, she made up her mind to go there. Miss Banks, who was a plain, homely-dressing old lady, took an early opportunity of visiting Shoe Lane, and on arriving at the shop, seeing there was a great variety of these chap-books, asked for a dozen of them. A large parcel was put before her to choose from, and she eventually selected twelve. The bookseller, supposing from her appearance that she was in the trade, and had purchased them
6'h S. I. JAN. 3, '80. J
NOTES AND QUERIES.
11
to sell again, reminded her that she was entitled to thirteen to the dozen. Miss Banks took the extra book, and putting a shilling upon the counter to pay for them, was leaving the shop, when she was recalled and rather sharply rebuked for not knowing her business and waiting for the three- pence change out of the shilling, to which, as being in the trade, she was entitled. Miss Banks quietly pocketed the affront and the coppers, and used to tell the story, to the amusement of her friends. WILLIAM J. TIIOMS.
THE MYSTERY OP ST. PANTALEON, OR CHURCH AND STAGE IN 1053.
In the days of which I am about to write, the Prince-Bishop of Basle was a very great potentate, whom all men delighted to honour, especially within the bishopric. On June 17, 1653, Jean Frangois de Schonau was to be consecrated by the Bishop-Suffragan, assisted by the Abbots of Lucelle and Beinweil. Like his immediate predecessor, Beatus Albertus de Ramstein, the new prelate was a former alumnus of the College of Porrentruy, so there was special reason for giving him a splendid reception. Nothing better could be suggested, according to the tastes of the day, than a sacred play or mystery. Moreover, the views of the future prince with regard to the stage were not doubtful, for he had already taken upon himself the expenses attending upon the construction of a theatre for the college. If there was not then in existence a "church and stage guild" it was because, in the bishopric of Basle, at least, there was so friendly a feeling between the two that no need was felt of such a means of intercourse. It is true that the piece to be put on the stage was a sacred one, but nevertheless, as will be seen, it was not devoid of worldly, even pagan, accessories, and plays of this kind were, as we are told, not unfre- quently spread over two days, to the great delight of the thronging multitude of spectators.
Many readers of " N. & Q." will recall to me- mory the Church of St. Pantaleon, at Cologne. The reason for the choice of this saint's life as the subject of the play on the inauguration of the new theatre at Porrentruy will be obvious, when it is borne in mind that he is accounted as the first Bishop of Basle. The friend and contemporary of St. Ursula and the Eleven Thousand Virgins, a splendid opportunity for dramatic situations opened itself before actors and audience alike, neither being too critical on the point of historic accuracy.
The action of the play was divided into three parts, representing severally the most stirring events in the martyr's life. The prologue intro- duced us to the fair Rhineland, with its smiling fields, its sombre forests, and famous Father Rhine rushing rapidly towards ocean. Among the clouds angels are hovering, not perhaps easily distinguish-
able from " amorini," save for the name. Above them, in the high empyrean, are sitting the patrons of the bishopric. Beneath, on mother earth, Rauracia and Alsatia, representing the lands sub- ject to the prince, are congratulating their new ruler on his election. Young persons of both sexes (the subjects of the prince-bishop seem to have been on this point of dramatic practice ahead of Shakespeare's countrymen) perform dances, while the name of the prince is brilliantly set forth in illuminated anagrams.
Part L, or the " Protasis," exhibits St. Pantaleon as " adorned by excellence of doctrine and virtue."
Scene 1. A town and a palace. Pantaleon is found, discussing with his friends the disasters presaged for Gaul and Germany by the struggle between Maximus and Gratian. Thunder and lightning darken the scene ; a comet (itself a fore- runner of evil in olden days) appears in the sky, and appearances as of combatants are seen among the clouds.
Scene 2. The sea, islands, with forests and open country at each wing. Two sirens, one black, the other white, " sitting alone, singing alone," and making merry over the light-heartedness and inconstancy of this world, which is presently swallowed up by flames, while Providence, kinder to the imperial eagle than to the records of the house of Choiseul, saves the symbol of majesty by plunging it beneath the sea. ' '
Scene 3. Forests, gardens, and houses, the sea in the distance. Pantaleon perceives, amid celes- tial harmonies, the approach of boats, containing Ursula and her eleven thousand companions.
Scene 4. Town and palace again. The Emperor Gratian arrives in Basle. Pantaleon, with the Senate of the city, comes out to greet him. A splendid tournament is held in honour of the event.
Scene 5. Cupid and the Loves, drawing the car of Victory, are so bewitched by a Fury from the infernal regions that they fall upon Victory and slay her, while the Fury snatches her laurel- crowned sword. The Loves, suddenly repenting of their deed, bewail the death of Victory in funereal strains.
Scene 6. As before. Pantaleon is seen praying for Gratian. In the clouds appears to him Divine Justice, accempanied by torch-bearing genii, and unfolds before him the terrible woes that over- shadow the imperial house. Pantaleon submits to the decrees of Divine Justice.
A Chorus now presents the delectable spectacle of the divine and moral virtues, in gratitude to their most virtuous master, St. Pantaleon, dancing a ballet agreeable to his name.
C. H. E. CARMICHAEL.
New University Club, S.W.
(To le continued.)
12
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[6th s. I. JAN. 3, '80.
A PUZZLE SOLVED, It is well known that no adequate solution of the word puzzle has ever been offered I now pro- ceed to solve it. It occurs as a verb m Hamlet, III i 80, and in other passages; but it was origin- ally a substantive. From its familiar use as a verb it seems to have been regarded as a fre- quentative form of the verb to pose with the addition of the usual suffix -le; such indeed is Skinner's explanation, hitherto accepted only be- cause no better one has yet appeared, Inecor nexion with pose is right, as indeed our instincts assure us ; but the suffix, though long regarded a verbal, is not really so, as will appear. Before proceeding, it is necessary to say a word as to the word pose itself. This is usually regarded as an abbreviation of appose, and this is true ; but we must also go back a step further, and acknowledge appose to be a corruption of oppose. To appose or pose was to propose questions ; examples are plentiful, especially in Richardson's Dictionary, s.v. "Appose." But no such sense is commonly found in the French apposer or the Latin apponere. The true Latin word is opponere, which was a regular term in the schools ; see Ducange. The old method of examination was by argument, and the examiner was really an umpire, who decided questions put by an opponent to the examinee, so that the old word for to examine was also opponere. Now it so happened that neat answers were called opposite answers ; and between the opponent on one side, and the upponent (or neat answerer) on the other, a complete confusion easily arose, at any rate in English, as testified by numerous instances. We thus have, as the right order of things, first to oppose in the schools ; secondly, to oppose or appose by asking questions ; and finally to pose, by putting a hard question to a candidate.
\Ve have numerous words formed from verbs by a suffix -al, as in the case of deni-al, refus-al, and the like. Similarly, a hard question was an oppos- al, and this is the word which has now become puzzle. The whole of this would be but guesswork if it were not that I have been so fortunate as to find the necessary examples which support and elucidate the solution. We are really indebted for it to Dyce's ftkelton, which (I say it advisedly) is one of the best edited books in our literature, and a great credit to the honoured name of Alexander Dyce. The references will be found in that book,'ut vol. i. p. 367 and vol. ii. p. 304, and here they are : —
" And to pouert she put this opposayle"
Lydgate, Fall of Princes, ed. Wayland, sig. B iii. leaf Ixvi.
" Made vnto her this vncouth apposaile, Why tvepe ye so]"
Id., sig. B v. leaf cxxviii. '"Madame, your apposelle is wele inferrid " (i.e. your
question is well put).
Skelton, Garland of Laurel, 1. 141.
In this last instance the "various reading" is opposelle (Dyce). In all these cases the sense is action hard of -W^j-^j^W
a puszte*
NOTES ON CHICHESTER.
The attention of local historians has not been given as yet sufficiently to the stores of information laid up and still unused among the wills of the Middle Ages. I therefore, in the way of illustra- tion tfive some notes which throw light on the fabric and ornament of Chichester Cathedral. _
"Volo quod ij. pelves preciossime fabricate offerantur pro me ad magnum altare eccl. Cic. (Chichewell, Canon, 1368, Reg. Islip, fo. 153 b). " Do tabulam inearn de auro Ecc. Cic. ponendam coram capellano celebranti ad magnam missam (Maydenhithe, 1407, Reg. Arundel, to. 242). W Eston, canon, desires to be buried " m capella S. Anme" (1455, Wills Stockton, 4), and Ivo Darell canon, " in capella S. Nicholai situata m parte boreali in ecc. Cic." (Wills Dogett, 4). This is the only notice of this chapel.
There are many curious MS. notes m Browne Willis's copy of Le Neve's Fasti, now in the Bodleian. A quaint itinerary of 1634 mentions the so-called Arundel effigies. "There lieth a prince in armour, who lived in the woods m Ed- ward III.'s time, some report he was Lord Berkeley of Bosham. By the wall now nearer to the choir and cross aisle lieth the statue of an anchoress, near unto which is a pretty little room for such an one.5' Browne Willis, in 1723, gives another version of this local tradition : —
" In the north aisle, under the wall near the transept, is a tomb of a lady, the effigy of freestone. She is said to have founded an almshouse about three hundred years gone or more, and below lie an Earl of Arundel and his lady on two altar tombs, their effigies in freestone, with a lion on his breast."
Gough, in his MS. Tour (xi. 15, Bodl. Lib.), mentions the appearance of the feretory in his day : " Under each of these two westernmost arches is an altar tomb railed off, making an in- closure behind the altar." Now there is a void space, with the tombs standing bare. Here Adam. Facete, canon, desired to be buried in 1513, "ante feretrum S. Ricardi ex parte australi," bestowing a suit " de blodio serico, Anglice, sarsenet " (Wills Fettiplace, 17), where we learn two synonyms, Latin and English. In another will the donor gives " j. annulus aureus in quo includitur, j. lapis albus de ierusalem in quo figurantur facies homi- nurn, et ij. alii annuli aurei cum lapidibus, ij. firmacula auri, j. rotundum in cujus medio est cygnus albus, sub cujus ala est lapis saphirus cum v. perulis in circuitu, et aliud de antiqua forma cum xvj. parvis perulis de rubeo albo et viridi coloribus, ad serviendum sacerdoti celebranti in festis magnis altam missam in summo altari ob
6«i' S. I. JAN. 3, '80.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
13
reverentiam S. Kicardi " (Reg. Chichele, fo. 275). How these morses were worn with a chasuble is not explained. The " Pardon door," mentioned in a Compotus of 1414, may be illustrated from a will relating to Pilton in 1509, " in the south part nigh the wall under the Pardon and Indulgences there."
The old muniments would reveal many inte- resting anecdotes of the state of the time. What would not the ecclesiologist give to find the missing book which Bishop Rede in 1402 ordered to be compiled, " Consuetudines Ecclesise circa divinum officiurn," from the relation of the ancients of the church (Reg., fo. xxxi). Does it exist 1 I printed the statutes from the original copy in University College Library, Oxford.
How curiously sounds the account of the com- mune bread in the sixteenth century ! The dean had 1,092 loaves yearly, and each residentiary 1,047, deducting twenty-nine for Venite loaves to the vicars for every holiday, and sixteen to Sher- borne's clerks ; four vicars choral had each 757 yearly. Altogether there were 12,496 loaves. Forty-two loaves were given to the poor every Sunday (Book B. 9, 15).
Gough, in his Tour already quoted, mentions that the chasuble of Bishop Stratford's effigy was then of blue and gold. In 1456 W. Rowe, canon, desires to be buried below the rood " ante magnam crucem in navi ecclesie" (Wills Stockton, 5). Neal, a citizen, mentions in the directions for his burial a recluse priest in the cathedral who was to receive 6s. for saying a mass of requiem (Reg. Chichele, fo. 31 6 b).
Your space is valuable at this time, so I draw my notes to a close, but with the earnest hope that they may stimulate others to make researches at Somerset House and in the muniment chambers of our cathedrals. What a boon an analysis of episcopal registers would be, even the list of their contents being of value ! Who will edit the "Laudabiles Consuetudines" of Hereford, with illustrations from these sources ?
MACKENZIE E. C. WALCOTT. [Who better than our learned correspondent?]
PROVINCIAL FAIRS.
The correspondence which has from time to time been going on in " N. & Q." on the above subject gives, as I venture to think, only one phase of the history of provincial fairs. Like all his- torical institutions, the provincial fair has (1) a history of its own, and (2) a history which belongs to the general history of institutions. I do not suggest that a hard and fast line can be drawn be- tween these two divisions, but simply that the latter appears to me to be properly the end, and the former the means, to an historical inquiry of some importance. I desire, with the editor's permission,
to draw attention to this earlier phase of provincial fairs.
And first, as to their locality. Mr. Kemble's chapter on " The Mark," in his first volume of the Saxons in England, gives us the first clue. " Each mark-community, isolated and independent, is surrounded by certain territory, separating it from other marks" (i. 48-9). Carried a step further, we come upon the Hindoo evidence on the subject.
"At several points," Sir Henry Maine says (Vill. Com^ p. 192)— " points, probably, where the domains of two or three villages converged — there'appear to have been spaces of what we should now call neutral ground." This neutral ground was the market territory.
"These were the only places," continues Sir Henry Maine, "at which the members of the different primitive groups met for any purpose except warfare." They met for inter-tribal affairs, for the exchange of goods, and for feasts and re- joicings. As, however, independent communities became merged, either by conquest or by external political influences, the common meeting-place often became fixed in the centre of the new com- munity, instead of outside all the old communities. In this way grew up (1) the provincial fair of modern times, meeting on common lands outside towns or villages ; and (2) the regular market- places, generally in the centre of towns or villages. Thus both the market and the fair are historically of one origin.
Secondly, as to the object of the fair or market. That it was a place for barter does not need any special comment Sir^Henry Maine has struck the key-note of a great historical question by drawing attention to the association of markets and neu- trality ( Vill. Com., 192-3) ; also Sir John Lubbock (Origin of Civilization, p. 205). For by this asso- ciation arises also their connexion with laws and law-making. They must have been the great centres of primitive legislation. In later times they retained a survival of their old functions. Among the Romans the people assembled at fairs to hear the laws propounded, and when a law had been proposed on three market or fair days it was proclaimed a law before the people (A rchceologia, i. p. 192, quoting Macrobius, i., Saturn, c. 16). In Ireland, in addition to the promulgation of new laws and the proclamation of peace, the old laws were rehearsed at the senech, or fair (Sullivan's edition of O'Curry's Lectures, p. 256). In England the laws of every session of Parliament were pro- claimed at fairs by the king's writ to the sheriff, which may be seen at the end of the Acts of 31 Edward III.
These notes, already too long, perhaps, are in- tended merely to direct attention to, not to exhaust, a most interesting subject connected with the early history of mankind ; and other corre-
14
NOTES AND QUERIES. p» a. LJI». <,•»>.
spondents-perhaps Mr. Cornelius Walford-may bV able to add further notes, and trace out the early history of the Piepowder Court which DP. Hyde Clarke reminds me is most likely a relic of a primitive village court
THE FIRST DRAFT OF COWPER'S^ POEM OF " THE ROSE."— I have in my possession the first draft of William Cowper's well-known poem of The Rose, in the poet's autograph. It is interesting, as it shows how much he altered and improved his poems : —
" The rose that I sing had been bathed in a show'r,
Profusely and hastily shed, (
The plentiful moisture incumber'd the flow r,
And weigh'd down its elegant head. The cup was all fill'd, and the leaves were all wet,
And it seem'd to a fanciful view To weep for the home it had left with regret In the flowery bush where it grew.
Unfit as it was for the use of the Fair
With foliage so dripping and drown'd, I shook it and swung it with too little care—
I snapp'd it, it fell to the ground. And such, I exclaim'd is the pitiless part,
Some act by the delicate mind, _ Regardless of wringing and breaking a heart
Already to sorrow resign'd. This Rose might have held, had I shaken it less,
Its unblemish'd beauty awhile, And the tear that is wiped by a little address,
May be follow'd perhaps by a smile."
FRED. LOCKER.
A SIAMESE FABLE. — With the New Year are born or resuscitated many tales inculcating charity, forgiveness, self-sacrifice. Let us take a Bud- dhistic one from Sitim* by way of a change :—
A man, chased by a tiger in a forest one night, escaped by climbing a tree, on which lived a monkey and its family. 'The monkey received the man kindly, and refused to listen to the tiger, •which advised it to fling him down while he slept. When tbe man awoke the tiger retired, and the monkey went to sleep. Presently the tiger re- turned, and recommended the man to fling the monkey down. The man pondered awhile, then gave the monkey a push, and it fell into the tiger's claws. Awakened by the shock and the pain, the monkey laughed aloud. " Wherefore laughest thou, when I am clawing thy body 1 " asked the astonished tiger. " Because thou thinkest thy claws are near rny heart, and thou art \vrong,': replied the monkey. " Where, then, is thy heart ? " " At the end of my tail." The tiger let go its hold, but before it could seize its victim's tail the monkey ran up the tree and was saved.
* One of several fables extracted by Dr. A. Bastian from the Siamese Nontlivk Pakkaranam. Prof. Benfev has compared it with Fanchatanlra, ii. 208.
t knew who had pushed it over, but it uttered no angry word. When the day dawned the tiger disappeared, and the monkey went out to gather fruit for its guest. During its absence the man dlled its mate and all its little ones, intending to take them home for his wife to cook ; when the monkey came back with a throng of its kinsfolk, t found its home made desolate. Still it uttered no ano-ry word— only offered to guide the man out rf the" forest. They set forth together, the man allowing the monkey. After a time the man struck the monkey over the head so hard that the blood gushed forth. "Why hast thou done this ?" asked the monkey. " Because I wanted flesh for my wife to cook," replied the man. " But if thou hadst killed me," said the monkey, " who would have guided thee out of the forest 1 Now follow me at a distance ; my blood-drops will show thee the way. And when thou art clear from the trees, then thou canst kill me without risk." The man did as he was counselled. When they came near the forest verge the monkey stopped for the man to come up and kill it. The man killed the mon- key. But just as he was leaving the forest he tripped and fell, first into a hole, then headlong right into hell. But no sooner was the monkey dead than it was carried straight up into heaven. There, in a golden palace, it was joined by all its dear ones whom the man had killed. " But where is the man?" asked the monkey with anxious sympathy. "He is in hell," was the reply. "Your Highness must not think of him anymore." W. R. S. RALSTON.
"MAIDEN," IN BRITISH PLACE NAMES.— Referring to my few words of reply upon Castrum Puellarum as a medieeval name for Edin- burgh (5th S. xii. 214), a correspondent of " N. & Q." has very obligingly sent me a newspaper cutting showing that the hill called Maiden Castle, on the south bank of the Wear, about a quarter of a mile south-east of Durham, is a place of considerable natural strength, rising precipitously in the midst of a lovely landscape. " The north-east side is flanked by a precipice almost perpendicular, 100 feet deep, whilst its other sides descend in a gentle incline." It has "views of the opposite woods, Old Durham, and the country round about, like a panorama." The top " presents a level area of about 160 paces by 45."
This information is strictly ad rem, and fully meets my incidental expression of ignorance as to the surroundings of the spot. Unfortunately the paragraph so kindly sent is entirely void of further evidence drawn from history, or from remains of military defences, or any artificial features of the locality, tending to show whether it was ever occupied as a British, as distinguished from a Roman or other camp.
I am myself prevented by want of opportunity
S. I. JAN. 3, '80.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
15
or of leisure for reading from pursuing this in- quiry, but shall peruse with interest whatever may appear in "N. & Q." upon the subject. I wil] only take the liberty of suggesting that it would seem desirable to have : —
1. Dry evidence showing whether, as a matter of fact, Maiden Castle in the British Islands is, or is not, always, or often, the site of a Celtic strong- hold, and at the same time possesses, or does not possess, natural characteristics rendering maidyn (" the fort of the field or plain ") an appropriate name, as in the above instance.
2. In each case a statement of the earliest re- corded connexion of the term maiden (or of any term phonetically resembling this) with the locality in question.
Should any correspondent suggest that our hills bearing the name of Maiden Castle or Maiden Bower were so called on the principle on which the town of Peronne was named "La Pucelle"(that is, from having for a long period from its foundation experienced sieges, but escaped capture), it would be desirable to have evidence either of this as a fact or of the existence of a local belief to that effect, with the grounds, if any are known, for such belief. JOHN W. BONE.
26, Bedford Place.
Two WELSH-ENGLISH VERSIONS OF A POEM TO THE VIRGIN. — Mr. Win. W. E. Wynne, of Peniarth, Towyn, Merioneth, to whom the famous Hengwrt collection of MSS. was bequeathed by its late owner, Sir R. Vaughan, Bart., has kindly sent me a specimen of two versions of an Early English poem to the Virgin, written by a Welsh scribe. We hbpe to print the whole, by Mr. Wynne's leave, in the Early English Text Society. Mean time here is the sample : — "OMichtiladi owr leding to haf at hefn owr abeiding ynto ddei ffest everlasting i set a braynts ws to bring.
. Yw wan ddys wyth blyss dde blessing of God ffor ywr good abering hwier yw bynn ffor ywr wynning syns kwin and ywr synn is king."
Hengwrt MS. 294, p. 287.
"•0 mighty Ladie our leading to haue at heauen our
abiding
vnto the feast euerlasting is sette a branch us to bring You wanne this with blisse the blessing of God for
your good abearing Where you bene for your winning Since queene & jour sonne is king."
Hengwrt MS. 479, fol. 38. Mr. Wynne says : —
*' This poem is by Jevan ap Rydderch ap Jevan Lloyd, an eminent Welsh bard oc poet of the early part of the fifteenth century— his father died about the year 1400— or by Jevan ap Howel Swrdwal, a Welsh bard or poet who flourished later in the same century. In the former
version the transcriber has adopted Welsh spelling, or perhaps it was so in the original. Dd in Welsh has nearly the pronunciation of th, and w of oo."
F. J. F.
THE VISORS OF WONCOT. — It may interest some of your readers to hear that I have recently pur- chased a number of old deeds respecting this family, showing who the " William Visor of Woncot," mentioned by Shakespeare in the second part of Henry IV., really was, and the exact locality of his residence. It is something to know that the great dramatist was speaking of a veritable person- age of his own day.
J. 0. HALLIWELL-PHILLIPPS.
WILLIAM JAY, OF BATH. — As one of your cor- respondents (5th S. xi. 245), is engaged on a biblio- graphy of Bath, I send a few notes on this great ornament of the town : —
Autobiography of W. J., with reminiscences of some distinguished contemporaries. Edited by Dr. George Bedford and the Rev. John Angell James. Portr. ' 1854, 8vo. 125. ; third ed., 1855, cr. 8vo. 75. Qd.
A sketch of the life and labours of W. J., with a ser- mon preached the Sunday after the funeral by Wm. H. Dyer, minister cf Argyle Chapel. Bath and London, 1854, 8vo. 6d.
Ministerial qualifications and success : a sermon preached at Argyle Chapel, Bath, Jan. 8, 1854, on the decease of W. J. By James Sherman. 6d.
A portraiture of W. J., being an outline of his mind, character, and pulpit eloquence. By Rev. Thomas Wallace. 1854, 12mo. 3*. Qd.
Recollections of W. J., of Bath, with glances at his contemporaries and friends. By his Son. 1859, cr. 8vo. three portraits.
Memoir of W. J. By the Rev. S. S. Wilson. With an appendix, containing remarkable passages selected from his discourses. 18—, 12mo. portrait.
Cf. Memorials of the Eev. Bobert Bolton, Rector of Felham, U.S., and Chaplain to the Earl of Dude, and Mrs. Bolton, by W. J. Bolton, M.A., London, 1860. Wilberforce regarded Jay as the best extempore preacher of his day (Moultrie's Memoir of W. S. Walker, p. Ivi). See Wm. Jowett's Memoir of Corn. Neale (1833), 14.
Add to Watt's list of Jay's works :—
Farewell sermon, 1789.
Token of respect to the memory of the Rev. T. Tuppen, 1790.
Sermon on ministerial usefulness, 1791.
Value of life, a sermon, 1803.
See further T. S. Whalley's Memoirs, ii. 224 seq. JOHN E. B. MAYOR.
Cambridge.
JOSEPH HUME, M.P. — Not many months before ;he death of Joseph Hume, in 1855, at the close of a conversation which to me was full of interest, ;he old man said, lowering his voice and seeming br the moment* to forget that any one was present, 'And I shall soon be dead. I shall pass away and )e forgotten. Some few will rejoice, perhaps, but he great majority will soon forget me altogether.
16
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[6th s. I. JAN. 3, '80.
I shall die a neglected and useless man, and the people for whom I have so long worked will think of me no more." I ventured to say, " Oh, sir, you should not say that ! England owes you a large debt of gratitude ; your country will never forget the good which you have done." Mr. Hume looked up at me intently for a moment, and then said, in his old incisive manner, "The good I have done, sir ! You don't know what you are talking about. The good I have done ! God knows I have done very little good in my time, and for that little I deserve no thanks, and expect no gratitude. But I '11 tell you what— the country does owe me thanks, not for the good I have done, but for the evil that I /tare prevented ! Year after year I have denounced every job which came before the House, till I became the terror of all corrupt place-seekers, direct and indirect. I know as a fact that millions have been saved to this country because, as ministers have often said, ' We dare not do this thing, for that fellow Hume is as sharp as a hawk, and he would be sure to expose it in the House.' " As a characteristic memory of one who was a power in the state for many years, perhaps this little anecdote is not unworthy of being recorded. EDWARD SOLLY.
AMERICAN SPELLING. — May I be permitted, dear Mr. Editor, to ask (as deferentially as possible), through you, all publishers and editors who reprint American books to leave us our native language 1 If Americans have a particular liking for coming to the defense of travelers in a wagon, who might have stayed there forever had not anyone helped them, by all means let them, accomplish this eccentric feat ; but do let us Britishers retain the correct spelling of the words in question. I cannot see where we are to land if we follow up such horrors as forever and anyone. In another ten years we shall have takecare and didntyou. Can't we stop ? HERMEXTRUDE.
SIR JOHN LUBCOCK ANTICIPATED. — In the 29 & 30 Viet. c. iii. sec. 8 (An Act to further amend the Acts relating to the Ecclesiastical Commissioners for England), Aug. lo, 1866, occur the following remarkable expressions : —
" Whereas certain portions of Lambeth Palace, namely the Lollards' Tower and Cardinal Morton's Tower, are not necessary or useful for the enjoyment by the Arch- bishop of Canterbury of the palace as a place of residence, whilst it ix expedient thai they should le preserved as nonume-fits of historical and antiquarian interest" &c.
Here is a declaration by the legislature that monuments of historical and antiquarian interest ought to be preserved. H. C. C.
[We are sure the Primate's attention has only to be called to the unglazed casements in the Lollards' Tower a order that an effectual remedy may be applied.]
AMERICAN FOLK-LORE.— When a boy of about ten years of age, I saw in Burlington County, New
Jersey, a tree, the trunk of which had divided into two parts, which rejoined a short distance above. Through the opening created by this lusus natura, it was customary to pass children who had been ruptured, in the belief that they would be cured thereby. M. E.
Philadelphia.
©tterusf.
We must request correspondents desiring information on family matters of only private interest, to affix their names and addresses to their queries, in order that the answers may be addressed to them direct.
MATTHEW CAREY, PHILADELPHIA, 1819. — Having lately observed a notice of the death of Mr. Henry Charles Carey, at the age of eighty-six, in Philadelphia, who was a bookseller there until 1836, and had a great antipathy to this country, I am reminded of an extraordinary book which was written by Matthew Carey, possibly his father (who also had a great antipathy to this country), in a vigorous strain, respecting the treatment in times past of Eoman Catholics in Ireland, from whence he had emigrated. As near as I can say, the title of the book was " Vindicioz Hiber niece ; or, Ireland Vindicated. By Matthew Carey (a Native of Ireland), Member of the American Philosophical and Antiquarian Societies, &c. Phila- delphia, printed for Carey & Hart, 1819," 8vo. The work may be rare in this country, but it surely cannot be so in America, for at the end of the preface of this edition, the dedication of which is dated Philadelphia, March 6, 1819, the following extraordinary notification is given : —
" Pecuniary considerations have had no place among the motives that led to this undertaking. This edition consists of only 750 copies, of which 250 are intended to be gratuitously distributed to public libraries, reading rooms, and enlightened individuals, in order to afford the work a chance of perusal, and my calumniated country an opportunity of justification. While that number lasts, any library company sending an order for a copy shall be supplied without 'expense. Agents shall be appointed to distribute the books, on this plan, in Boston, New York, Baltimore, &c."
Can any correspondent furnish an exact copy of the title-page ? D. WHYTB.
MEYLER FITZ-HEXRY. — Can you give me infor- mation about Meyler or Myles Fitz-Henry, who was Chief Justiciary of Ireland in 1200 ? I am already acquainted with the brief notices of him in Mr. Sweetman's Calendar of Documents relating to Ireland in the Public Record Office, London, from which I learn that "the King (by charter 2nd John, mem. 28 dors.) commits to Meyler Fitz-Henry the care and custody of all Ireland, and appoints him Chief Justiciary thereof. Mandate that the Arch- bishops, &c., of Ireland be intentive to Meyler accordingly " (about October, 1200). Is anything known of Fitz-Henry's birth and family; and
6* S. I. JAN. 3, '80.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
17
what were his arms ? I suppose he was one of th Norman knights who went to Ireland with Strong bow or Henry III. Is it the fact that this Fitz-Henry is now represented by any descendants ? There is ai Irish family of Henry, which bears what looks lik a very early coat of arms, viz., Per pale indented argent and gules, on a chief azure a lion passan argent. Does this family descend from Meyle Fitz-Henry, and, if so, how can I obtain particular of their pedigree ? In a curious old peerage tha I have, The Irish Compendium, London, 1745, '. find on p. 39, in a table of the Chief Governors o Ireland, the following entry : " 1199, Miler Fitz Henry, Son of King John, Governor." Can it be true that he was a son of King John ? I should think he would have been named " Fitz- John " in that case. If of royal birth at all, it would be more likely that "Fitz-Henry" meant son o Henry III. What was his real parentage, anc what is the correct form of his Christian name r Any replies to the preceding questions would, no doubt, be interesting to many of your genea- logical readers, as well as to
MYLES FITZ-HENRY.
"PRINCESS." — What is the correct accentuation of this word ? A friend of mine is very warm on the subject, and will have the accent on the second syllable. He asserts that if you accentuate on the first, you speak of the princes, not of the princess. But I take the liberty of doubting this, because I cannot recall any analogical word thus accentuated. We say "duchess," "marchioness," "countess," "baroness," all with the accent on the first syllable. Neither does my friend send his linen to a laundress, nor take off his hat to an abbess, nor speak of such women as seek his editorial suffrage as authoresses. Why, then, are the hapless princesses to be excepted and isolated ? HERMENTRUDE.
HERALDIC : JOCELYN FAMILY.— Who was the Jocelyn or Jocelin who quartered the following coats, which are blazoned from an old silver seal dating, I have reason to believe, from the seven- teenth century?—!, Az., a circular wreath arg. and sa., with four hawks' bells joined thereto in quad- rangle or (Jocelyn or Jocelin). 2, Gu., a demi-lion rampant arg., ducally crowned or. 3, Gu., a fesse or. 4, Or, a griffin segreant within a bordure in- vecked sa. 5, Arg., an escutcheon gu. within an orle of martlets sa. 6, Arg., on a saltire engrailed gu. five hawks' bells or ; on a chief of the second three escallops of the field. 7, Gu., three escut- cheons, two and one, arg. 8, Arg., three chevronels gu. Where can his pedigree be found ?
J. H. J.
THE HISTORY OF LITERARY FORGERY.— Is there any book which investigates this subject ? Judging from the number of spurious writings which have come down to us under the names of classical
authors and Christian fathers, one would imagine that the practice of "personification" must have been very common at certain periods of the later empire, and must have been regarded as morally venial. I shall be glad to be referred to any treatise which discusses historically such questions as the following : — At what periods was literary personification most prevalent ? For what ends was it mainly practised ? What class of men were most guilty of it ? To what extent has it been regarded, by popular opinion and by ethical teachers in various ages, as either allowable or, at all events, not wholly immoral ?
JOHN CYPRIAN BUST. The Vicarage, Soham, Cambridgeshire.
ROYALIST OR CROMWELLITE. — I lately saw in a deed dated April 20, 1653, a reference to some former transaction, which took place " 23rd Dec., 1647, which was the 23 year of our Late Sovereign Lord Charles, late King of England," &c. Does the wording of this, at that date, show that the family, Cutlacke by name, was Royalist, or was it the usual legal form, even under the Common- wealth ? RICHARD H. J. GURNEY.
PEERAGE OF STOCKPORT. — The Rev. John Wat- son, of B.N.C., Oxford, Rector of Stockport, about jhe year 1770 wrote a book to prove that Sir George Warren, of Poynton, near Stockport, and patron of :hat living, was the rightful heir to the barony of Stockport. Not more than six copies of this work were printed. It was printed by Eyres of War- rington, and Gilbert Wakefield says that it was one of the most accurate specimens of typography ever issued from any press. Where can I see i copy of the above book 1
E. WALFORD, M.A.
Hampstead, N.W.
ENGLISH TOBACCO. — The history of vine culture n England has lately been investigated in 'N. & Q." Similar information and statistics are desired respecting the cultivation of the tobacco ilant within the United Kingdom — time, locality, ind extent of culture. Has any Act been passed ince 1831-2 respecting it ? How does the law now stand with regard to it ? Some information s given in Haydn's Did., but not sufficient, at other sources of information are there on the ubject? R. H. C. F.
Scotton, Kirton in Lindsey, Lincolnshire.
MILES AND MILESTONES. — Is it known at what eriod, and whether at any one period and by uthority of Parliament, the present division of istance by miles and milestones was settled? here seems to have been great uncertainty in ormer times. Leland, in his Journey (c. 1540), enerally mentions the distance between one place nd another, and the number of miles is as gene-
NOTES AND QUERIES
S. 1. JAN. 3, '80.
his Book of Roads, published tinguishes between the commonly real distance. Thus : " The road to Campden, co. Glouc. : the vulg 56 miles ; the dimensuration 76 miles. ing to this " vulgar computation " have contained 2,390 yards.
the mile must J. E. J.
of a certain virtuous heathen, in which uuo^^is apostrophized as above. A search in St Augustin, made for me by a friend, has failed to 'find it. Whence does the phrase come 1
JOHN W. BONE. 26, Bedford Place, Russell Square.
MAcCuLLOCH.— In the No-
Hurnboldt and M. Maury, with respect to a sup-
WOLF JACOB VON FORSTNER(?).— A correspon- I posed analogy between certain traditions of the dent from Lorraine has sent me the following Deluge and of the Four Ages of the World m query and I shall be greatly obliged if any of your | In(}ia and in Mexico. In another part of the
readers can help me in the matter : —
article M. Lenormant writes the name Maeculloch.
"An English gentleman, Wolf Jacob von Forstneri;]), I To what writer of this
who lived for a long time with Duke Leopold I. of Lor- in wjiat worfc are the passages he refers to to be raine (from 171t>-24), died at Luneville, and was buried on the left side of the altar of the (German Evangelical) church of Ste. Marie aux Mines, Alsace, on Nov. 4, 1724
rn found I
MYRETOUN.
-'-, ,Kjj REGIMENT OF FOOT. — Three brothers,
^btld'^r/inttt ancestors of mine, were in this corps as chaplain
Son" about his family, antecedents, &c. I should add and captains, in the first decade of the last century, that the Academic of Luneville was attended at that One probably of the same family, although speil- time by many young English gentlemen, attracted by j -^ njs name differently, was a major in the
the duke's court."
T. W. C.
23rd Royal Welsh Fusileers, and fell at Quatre Bras. Were these two 23rd Regiments the same
" CARCELL " : " LESH LUMBERT." — What may | corps these be ? The words occur in the menu of an Oxford supper given in 1452 by one Geo. Neville of Balliol. " Lumbert " I take to be pie of some sort
T. F. R.
? What was General Hodshon's (Hodgson's) regiment in 1773? What corps now represents it'?
A. BEAK. Demerara.
"TiiE LAND o' THE LEAL." — Why is it that one version of this song represents the wife as dying and as saying her farewell to " John," while another portrays the death-bed scene of the husband, whose last words arc addressed to "Jean" I Prof. Morley, in Shorter English Poems, gives the former, while the latter is preferred by Mr. Palgrave in the Golden Treasury. Mr. Kennedy, too, the well- known Scottish singer, introduces the song to his audiences as being Lady Nairne's ideal of Burns's
SINGING CAROLS IN CHURCHES.— On the even- ing of Christmas Day, 1878, 1 attended service at St. Peter's Church, Plymouth. On the conclusion of the Rev. G. R. Prynne's sermon, and after the blessing had been pronounced, nearly the whole of the per- sons in the congregation kept their seats, and the carol, or. as it is locally called, the " curl," service commenced. An appropriate voluntary was first played, and then, from a paper specially printed for the occasion, and distributed gratuitously in the church, the minister gave out the carols one by one,-
last hours. To those who have listened under this the audience nearly all joining in the singing. A
impression to his pathetic rendering of
" I 'ru weariu' awa', Jean," there is a startling disenchantment in the common- place assurance,
" I 'in wearin' awa', John."
THOMAS BAYNE. CHURCHWARDENS' ACCOUNTS. — In some church- wardens' accounts I am looking through, the fifth year of Queen Mary, I find " Recepts of the Assessement," followed by the names of the parishioners. This is the only time " assess- ment " is mentioned. What was it ? G Bp. Stortford.
noticeable point was that the people sat down to sing, just in the same way as they do in the Estab- lished Presbyterian Church in Scotland. After singing some six or eight " curls," the congregation dispersed, taking with them the printed papers for further use at home. Is this " curl ;; service peculiar to Devonshire, or is it known in other counties 1 GEORGE C. BOASE.
15, Queen Anne's Gate, S.W.
[Carols are now very commonly sung in London churches at Christmastide.]
THOMAS PHAER OR PHAYER. — Is anything, known of the family or origin of Thomas Phaer or
. I. JAN. 3, '80.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
Phayer, who translated the ^Eneid in 1558 ? When and where was he born ? Did he leave any children ' What arms did he bear ? Is the name of English Welsh, or Flemish origin ? His father is said to have belonged to Norwich. He himself was brought up under the patronage of the Marquis o Winchester, and was educated at Oxford. He studied law at Lincoln's Inn, and became " Sol- licitour to the King and Queen's Majesties, attend- ing their honourable Counsaile in the Marchies o: Wales"; and afterwards, in 1559, "Doctour o: Physike." He was buried in Kilgerran Forest Pembrokeshire. PLYNLIMMON.
THE MORRICE OR MORRIS DANCE. — The follow- ing foot-note occurs in the Fair Maid of Perth :
"Considerable diversity of opinion exists respecting the introduction of the morrice dance into Britain. The name points it out as of Moorish origin, and so popular has this leaping kind of dancing for many centuries been in this country that when Handel was asked to point oul the peculiar taste in dancing and music of the several nations of Europe, to the French he ascribed the minuet to the Spaniard the saraband, to the Italian the arietta, to the English the hornpipe or morrice dance."
According to Sir Bernard Burke (Ulster) the name is of very ancient origin, and derived from the Welsh words Mawr-rwyce, viz., strong or power- ful in war (see Landed Gentry, pedigree of Morris of Netherby, co. York). What say your corre- spondents to this divergence of views 1
Gr. T. WiNDYER MORRIS.
[Sir Bernard is not speaking of the morris dance,
neither is he to be held responsible for the etymologies
which families may assign to their own names.]
THE PRONUNCIATION OF "ANTHONY." — As I am unable to pronounce my own Christian name with any degree of certainty, I shall be extremely obliged if you will allow me to have the opinion of your readers. It is generally pronounced as if written Antoni, but some good authorities main- tain that the th ought to retain its full sound.
ANTHONY.
ORDEAL BY FLOATING IN WITCHCRAFT. — In his Memoirs of Central India, ed. 1824, vol. ii. p. 215, Sir John Malcolm says, in describing the various tests employed for the discovery of witches, that—
"On other occasions the witch is tied in a bag and thrown into a pool, where sinking is the only proof of her innocence. If her struggles keep her afloat, she is inevitably condemned and punished, either by being obliged to drink the water used by the leather dressers, which is a degradation from caste, or by having her nose cut off, or being put to death."
As this ordeal is identical with that to which suspected witches were formerly subjected in Europe, I should be glad to know if the origin of the test has ever been investigated, and if any reason can be assigned for a trial which, whether resulting in the guilt or innocence of the accused,
appears to have placed her in an equally hazardous position. W. F. PRIDE AUX.
Sehore, Central India.
"A PAIR OF ORGANS."— In the Middle Ages, organs are generally spoken of as "a pair of organs." In Durham Abbey there were three pairs of organs. Does this mean an organ with two keyboards I and, if so, were they played by two persons simultaneously ? In Le Croix's Arts of the Middle Ages, p. 204, is given a drawing of an organ played by two persons. If two persons played together, did they play the same chords, only on different octaves, or did they play different chords, as two people now do on a piano ?
E. LEATON BLENKINSOPP.
" PRESTIDIGITATEUR." — In the autobiography of Robert Houdin it is stated that a professor of sleight of hand, yclept Jules de Rovere, was the originator of this tall term : " Being of noble birth, he desired a title in accordance with it ; but, as he had rejected with disdain the vulgar name of escamoteur, and as that of physiden was frequently used by his rivals, he was compelled to create a title for himself." Can anything be said against Jules de Rovere's originality ?
W. WHISTON.
WHAT ARE "Esopus" PRICES ?— A poetical advertisement in the Ulster County Gazette (N. America) of December, 1799, concludes prosily : " The following articles will be received in payment. Wheat, rye, buckwheat, oats, corn, butter, flax, ashes, and raw hides. These articles will be taken in at the Esopus prices." H. P.
COL. LASCELLES : LORD LIGONIER : MASQUE- RADES AT HAY MARKET. — The Town and Country 'Magazine for Nov., 1770, gives the following. Col. (Frank) Lascelles as a cornet of Dragoons applied (before Nov., 1770) to the late Lord Li- gonier for promotion when there was a vacancy in another corps. On this occasion his lordship said the celebrated bon mot, so well known in the army, " If I were a cornet of Dragoons and twenty years old I would not change stations with the Grand Signior." A few nights after, Col. Lascelles was at the masquerade in the Hay Market and won a sum of money at the E. 0. table. I ask, What is the exact date when this bon mot was said, and is there any other account of it, and where ? Which regi- ment of Dragoons was Cornet Lascelles in at that :ime ? Is there any account, and where, of the mas- querades at the Hay Market (? Opera House) ? What is the meaning of the E. 0. table ?
CHARLES MASON. 3, Gloucester Crescent, Hyde Park.
" DANMONII." — In the Free Library of this town ! find a book entitled Danmonii; or, Historical Sketch of the Ancient Inhabitants of Devon, by a
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[6th S. I. JAN. 3, '{
Mr. J. Chattaway. The same form, Danmonii, is also used throughout the book, without a hint that the usual form is Damnonii. There is also a magazine entitled Philo-Danmonian, of which the same may be said, except that once, in a foot-note, we find Dumnoniidce. Is there any authority for this form, or is it a mere blunder? Dr. Latham, in Smith's Diet, of Geogr., knows only the forms Damnii and Damnonium. He refers to an article Dumnonida, which, however, does not appear. DEFNIEL.
Plymouth.
A LATIN BIBLE. — I have a Latin Bible which I believe to be of some value. Perhaps the follow- ing description of it may enable one of your corre- spondents to enlighten me fully. It is entitled : —
" Biblia. Quid in hac editione praestitum sit, vide in ea quam operi prreposuimus, ad lectorem epistola. Lutetiie, ex officina Roberti Stephani, typography Regii. M.D.XLV. €um privilegio Regis."
It has Stephens's mark, a tree branched, and a man looking on it, and his motto, " Noli altum sapere."
S. L.
AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED. — Who was the author of the following lines, describing the manner «f serving up the boar's head?—
" - if you would send up the brawner's head, Sweet rosemary and bays around it spread ; His foaming tusks let some large pippin grace, Or midst these thundering spears an orange place; Sauce like himself, offensive to its foes, The roguish mustard, dangerous to the nose ; Sack, and the well-spiced hippocras, the wine, Wassail the bowl, with ancient ribands fine, Porridge with plums, and turkeys with the chine." JOHN PICKJORK, M.A.
" Look then abroad through Nature to the strange planets, suns, and adamantine spheres."
EDWAIU> CAHTEK.
lt Of all the ills that men below endure, How small the amount that courts or kings can cure."
E. A. W. " What is free ''. The vexed straw in the wind; The tossed foam on the sea'; The great ocean itself, as it rolls and swells In the bonds of a boundless obedience dwells." " The good old cause."
MARS DENIQUB.
THE FATHER OF ROBERT FITZ HARDING.
(5*" S. xii. 362, 437, 477.)
Having derived much instruction from MR.
ELLIS s note at the first reference, and being withal
deeply interested in cognate matters of Somerset
archaeology, I oner a few observations, such as I
understand the writer of that article and the editor
JN. & Q. to solicit, Domesday is often tellino-
°A i* ?*S? tbiane' Wh°' whether his name be written* Alnod, Llnod, or Ednod in that record, had been generally succeeded in estate by Hugh Earl of
Chester. There were at least five counties in which this rule of succession had obtained. They were Devon, Dorset, Somerset, Wiltshire, and Berkshire. Turning to other records and writings, we find the same thane's name spelt, or proposed to be spelt, "Ealdnoth," "^Eldnoth,"or "^Elfnoth"; we also find him variously styled " Dapifer," or " Constable," or " Stallere '" under King Edward, " Stallere " under Harold, " Stallere " still under William the Conqueror.
As to the era of the Stallere Ealdnoth, his trans- action with ^Ifwold, Bishop of Sherborne, shows him. in an influential position before A.D. 1058, when that prelate died. Eadnoth himself fell in battle in the autumn of 1068, when opposing the sons of Harold in their devastation of the Somerset sea-board. The Stallere was on this occasion leading the men of Somerset, and was encouraged in, if not actually deputed to, such leadership by King William. However, the men of Somerset were not well affected to the king, and William of Malmesbury more than hints that the defeat of the invaders and the fall of Ealdnoth were alike conso- nant with the policy of William. Certain it is that not one of Ealdnoth's estates was allowed to descend to his son Harding. Probable it is that Harding, son of Ealdnoth, was under age at his father's death, and that William gave his estates to Hugh de Abrincis before there was any thought of the latter being advanced to the palatinate of Chester. In tracing the rise of Harding fitz Eald- noth we must not be tempted to identify him with Harding, butler to Queen Edith, who held that office before the Conquest, and who stood high in her court in A.D. 1072. Nor yet, if Harding, that thane of Wiltshire and Somerset who held the same estates in 1086 as he had held in 1066, were distinct from Harding the Butler, is there the least probability that he was identical with Harding fitz Ealdnoth.
The first definite appearance of the son of Eald- noth is in the Somerset Gueld Inquest of A.D. 1084, where in one place he is called Hardin " de Meriot," in other places Harding fitz Alnod. Two years later (A.D. 1086) Domesday— whether describing him as Lord of Merriott or as an Anglo- thane, endowed by the Conqueror with other Somerset estates— calls him uniformly Harding films Elnod. Hard ing's usual antecessor in Somer- set estate was Tofig, who, having been Sheriff of bomerset at the date of the Conquest, continued in office in 1058. But, at Merriott, Harding's ante- cessor was one Godwin, very possibly that Godwin who, having preceded Tofig as sheriff, was still living m 1066. Mr. Freeman suggests that Harding's succession to Tofig in the matter of estate may have been by inheritance. Where estates descended in plurality, as was the case here, such a supposition is most reasonable. At all events, we are assured that, whether as a matter
6"> S. I. JAN. 3, '80.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
of late justice or of late clemency, the son of Eald noth was recognized by King William within six teen years of his father's death. About Hardin^ fitz Ealdnoth's descendants it is abundantly clea (" N. & Q.," 5th S. xii. 362, 3G3) that he was sue ceeded at Merriott, and in other Somerset estates by his eldest son and heir, Nicholas fitz Harding This Nicholas, in A.D. 1166, makes the ordinar return, under Somerset, of his tenure in capite, no does it affect the validity of that document that when enrolled in the Liber Niger (Hearne, i. 95) it was erroneously entitled as " Carta Roberti fili Harding." In the same record (Hearne, i. 171-2 we have the genuine return of Eobert fit. Harding, and it is enrolled, as we should have expected, under Gloucestershire. This brings us t< the fundamental question, Who was the father o the first Robert fitz Harding? In other words was Harding, the father of Nicholas fitz Harding of 1166, identical with, or distinct from, Harding the father of Robert fitz Harding of the same date
The strongest argument in favour of identity is perhaps to be found in a circumstance alluded to by MR. ELLIS, viz., that Robert fitz Harding and his suzerain Rannulf, Earl of Chester, gave Fife- hide-Magdalen (Dorset) to the abbey of St, Augustine, at Bristol. Fifehide-Magdalen was> before the Conquest, an estate of Ealdnoth the Stallere. On the Stallere's fall, in 1068, Fifehide was given to Hugh de Abrincis. Before 1086 Hugh de Abrincis, then Earl of Chester, had en- fepfled one Gilbert in Fifehide. The tenancy of Gilbert did not endure ; it lapsed to the suzerain. Nothing can be more credible than that Rannulf de Gernons, Earl of Chester, circumstanced as he was domestically and politically, should have bestowed Fifehide on the leading citizen of Bristol. And if that citizen, being Robert fitz Harding, were grandson of the Stallere Ealdnoth, the fonmer Lord of Fifehide, then Earl Rannulf s supposed gift becomes not merely credible, but highly pro- bable and singularly appropriate. That suzerain and tenant should concur in bestowing Fifehide on the Augustines of Bristol was but a natural sequence, and is but a definite illustration of the hypothesized preliminaries.
It might be alleged in opposition to this view that no other estate of the Stallere Ealdnoth can be traced to Robert fitz Harding or to his Berkeley descendants. Such an objection, even if taken after a long and exhaustive research, could not in- validate our temporary hypothesis ; for the very essence of that hypothesis is that Robert fitz Harding was a younger son, and, if so, his suc- cession to one of his presumed grandfather's estates was incidental, to more than one it would have been abnormal.
That which remains to be said on this subject I would rather put in the form of a query than a comment. Is the date given for the death of
Robert fitz Harding's father well authenticated? Can it be supported on any better authority than that of a monastic Stemma Fundatorum ? The date in question is somewhere given as A.D. 1115 ; MR. ELLIS gives it, I see, as " Nov. 6, about 1115." I do not question the month and day even of a monastic Stemma; but about the year I am in this instance, as in most, sceptical.
If Harding, Robert fitz Harding's father, can be shown to have died at so early a date, then I am bound to believe that he was not identical with Harding, the father of Nicholas fitz Harding and the son of the Stallere Ealdnoth. My reasons are these. In his return to the Feodary of 1166, Nicholas fitz Harding speaks twice of his father. A reference (Lib. Nig., i. 95-6) to his return is all that I can offer here. It is incredible that such words as he uses about his father's feoffrnents can have applied to a man who had died fifty years before. Again, William of Malmesbury, telling us much about Ealdnoth the Stallere and his son Harding, speaks of the latter as of a contemporary with himself — as a successful contemporary — suc- cessful in a forensic rather than in a military sphere.
Though I may have a clear idea that Malmes- bury continued to write in A.D. 1143, I would leave it as a query when he began to write. Cer- tainly he did not write this about Harding fitz Ealdnoth so early as 1115, and that bounds the present question.
If any Harding died in 1115, and if the Harding so dying was father of Robert fitz Harding of Bristol, then the father of Robert fitz Harding was not Harding fitz Ealdnoth. R. W. EYTON.
A TOPOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY FOR LONDON (5th S. xii. 424, 469, 493).— MR. BLANDFORD will find a view of the old Navy Office, Crutched Friars, n Strype's map of Tower Street Ward, and in Bowles's Views, 1729, plate W. These are nien- ioned by Peter Cunningham in his Handbook of
London. There are two views of the office cata- ogued among the engravings in the Guildhall Library, and Mr. Gardner has a perspective view Taylor del., 1741), which was among those he lent
at the opening of the new Guildhall Library in 872. There is no doubt of the superior interest of the
views when exhibited in frames ; but I believe hat only about half of Mr. Grace's collection is
now shown at the South Kensington Museum from
want of room, so that it is hopeless to expect th« British Museum authorities to find room for their xhibition. A few, however, might be exhibited t a time, which could be constantly changed.
A.'s complaint is well founded, but there were ther sinners before the Metropolitan Board of
Works was formed. In fact, ever since houses
22
NOTES. AND QUERIES. l«'h s. L JAN. 3, m
have been numbered this difficulty has existed ; and as houses must be numbered to save present confusion, the only thing to be done is to keep a proper register of changes.
I hope you will receive other suggestions, and that the subject will not be allowed to drop.
HENRY B. WHEATLEY.
5, Minford Gardens, W.
"DoN QUIXOTE" (5th S. xii. 489).— The Don Quixote published by H. G. Bohn, 1842, was trans- lated first by Shelton in 1612. It was then para- phrased by John Philips, who poured into it the filthiness of his own impure spirit. Philips was followed by Peter Motteux iu 1712, who sub- stituted for his predecessor's ribaldry a low comedy of his own, and did nothing in the way of trans- lating the original text. Next came Jarvis in 1748, whose work was a return to Shelton's, re- taining all the beauties of the first translation, with some attempt to keep to the original, but failing in any approach to represent its poetry, eloquence, humour, or earnestness. Then came Smollett, in 1755, who as slavishly followed Jarvis as Jarvis followed Shelton, imparting to the work some of the vulgar coarseness which disfigures more than one work of his own. All these translations or versions contribute to the production of the one in MR. PICKFORD'S possession, which has been care- fully read over by some one acquainted with the Spanish tongue, but not much impressed with the genius of Cervantes. How it ever happened that a book so pure in spirit and so chaste in words, so lofty in style and yet so full of human sympathy and love as Don Quixote came to be regarded by English men of letters as a book of low buffoonery, is a question that I trust at no distant day will be satisfactorily answered by those who pretend to know something of the history of English and Spanish humour. A. J. DUFFIELD.
fcsavile Club.
THE OXFORDSHIRE ELECTION, 1754 (5th S. xii. —When the House of Commons decided in 1738, after a full discussion, that it w.as " a high indignity and notorious breach of privilege for any one to presume to print any report of their speeches and debates," the journals which attempted to give any account of Parliamentary proceedings had to be very cautious in what they printed. In the Gentleman's Magazine they were published as ' Debates in the Senate of Great Lilliput," and the speakers were designated the "Nardac Befdort " (Duke of Bedford), the " Hurgo Toblat" (Lord lalbot), &c. (vol. viii. pp. 283, 331, 387). In these the speakers' names were changed by the transposition of the letters, so that though no real name was given it was easy to know who was in- tended. Something like this was done by all other journalists, the history of which may be seen in Mr. A. Andrews's valuable History of British
Journalism, 1859. In the case of the London Magazine imaginary Latin names were used, which were sometimes a little like the real names, but more often wholly unlike, and the idea was that by hus printing false names, and at the same time printing for private use correct explanatory indexes, ill pains and penalties might be avoided. In the London Magazine for 1755 there are debates con- taining the speeches of 176 imaginary Latin de- Daters, and the explanatory index gives the names of the 176 English members of Parliament thus designated. EDWARD SOLLY.
WILLIAM MUDFORD (5th S. ii. 160, 216).— I believe the most complete memoir of this accom- jlished journalist and author, who died in 1848, s to be found in nay New Biographical Dictionary x!873). Its accuracy may be relied on, as the particulars it contains were derived from private ind trustworthy sources. I may add that Mr. Mudford's son now worthily occupies the editorial chair of the Standard newspaper.
THOMPSON COOPER, F.S.A.
' BAMBOOZLE " (5th S. xii. 488).— If MR. QUE- KETT will look at the second edition of my Dic- tionary he will see that I have made the reference to the Italian bamboccio which he suggests. I quote from Florio : " Bambolo, bamboccio,' bam- bocciolo, a young babe, by met. an old dotard or babish gull ; imbambolare, to blear or dim one's sight, also with flatteries and blandishments to enveagle and make a fool of one." If a verb were made of bambocciolo in the same way, as 6am- bocciolare, it would have much the sense of bam- boozle. The word seems to have sprung up about the beginning of the last century. I do not know what authority Prof. Skeat has for the assertion that it originated in thieves' slang. I cannot think that there is any plausibility in his suggestion that it may have come from the cant phrase of " a bene bouse," a good drink ; so that to bamboozle would be to treat to a good drink.
H. WEDGWOOD.
FRANZ LISZT (5th S. xii. 268, 389).— R. M. asks for information as to this eminent pianist's public and social life. A very interesting anec- dote is related of him at p. 19 of the Almanach des bons Gonseils pour I'Annee 1880, published in Paris at No. 32, Rue des Saints Peres. It is headed " La charite voile le peche," and tells how a young female pianist, an orphan, and totally de- pendent for her livelihood on her professional talent, arriving in a small town in Germany, advertised a concert for a certain day, giving her- self out as a pupil of Liszt's. The day before the concert was to come off she discovered, to her great dismay, that Liszt had arrived in the town, and was staying in the same hotel as herself. Fearing an exposure, which would be fatal to her
6th s. I. JAN. 3, '80.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
23
future career, she waited on Liszt, and, in the most humble manner, begged pardon for the un- warranted use she had made of his name, making him acquainted at the same time with her un- friended situation. He listened to her story, and in the kindest manner requested her to sit down to the piano and play one of the pieces she had prepared for the next day's concert. Ke sat down by her side, gave her advice as to how certain passages should be rendered, corrected some faults, and then said, " Now, my young friend, I have given you a lesson ; you may henceforth call your- self a pupil of Liszt's." Before she could stammer out her thanks, ke added, " If the programmes are not yet printed, you may state that, on this occa- sion, you will be assisted by your instructor, the Abbe Liszt." E. McC— .
ADDER STONES (4th S. ix. 155). — The communi- cation above referred to gave an interesting account about the superstitions in connexion with adder stone in Kenfrewshire. I am now going to furnish some further particulars from the other end of the kingdom, namely Cornwall. Mr. K. J. Cunnack, of Helston, writes to me as follows : —
" Passing through an outlying district of the parish of Sithney, I recently met with a curious relic of super- stition. The farmer called it a ' milpreene ' or serpent stone, which, when required, was boiled in milk and the milk afterwards administered as an antidote for bites of vipers. The account he gave me of the formation of the stone was that a number of adders congregated together at times, and their spittle hardened upon a hazel rod or the tail of one of their number. Near Bodmin, I am told, one of these stones is still in use. It sounds like a relic of Druidic superstition. Ancient glass beads called serpent stones are, I believe, not uncommon. My father had a very fine one, which was lent to a collector and not returned."
In Caractacus, a Dramatic Poem, by Rev. Wil- liam Mason (London, 1759, 8vo.), pp. 10, 91-2, the adder stone is thus referred to : — " Brennus ! has thy holy hand
Safely brought the Druid wand ?
And the potent adder-stone,
Gender 'd fore th' autumnal moon ?
When in undulating twine
The foaming snakes prolific join ;
When they hiss and when they bear
Their wond'rous egg aloof in air ;
Thence before to earth it fall,
The Druid, in his hallow'd pall,
Receives the prize ;
And instant flys,
Follow'd by th' envenom'd brood
'Till he cross the crystal flood." From a note to this passage it appears that Pliny described these charms under the name of serpent's eggs, and that Lhwyd speaks of the superstition as being in force in Scotland and Cornwall.
GEO. C. BOASE. 15, Queen Anne's Gate, Westminster.
^ WALKINGHAME (5th S. xii. 429).— Thomas de Scriven was married, temp. Ed. I, to Agnes,
daughter of John de Walkingham and Agnes his wife (daughter and heir of Alan, Lord of Staveley), heir of her brother and sister Alan and Ada de Walkingham. K. M. Y.
" BRITISH CURIOSITIES IN NATURE AND ART "" (5th S. xii. 448).— The title of the second edition of this book is —
"British Curiosities in Art and Nature; Giving an Account of Varieties both Antient and Modern, viz.... Likewise an Aecount of the Posts, Markets, and Fair- Towns. To which is added a very Useful Scheme, con- taining a brief Account of the State of each County in England, at one View, curiously engraved, and printed on a Sheet to fold up or put in a Frame. The Second Edition, with Large Additions. London : Printed for Sam. Illidge, under Serle's-Gate, in Lincolns-Inn New- Square. MDCCXXVIII."
Then follows the Dedication " To the President, Council, and Fellows of the Eoyal Society of London," pp. iii-v ; the Preface, pp. vi-xiv ; a Table of Contents ; and the folding sheet, en- titled " The British Curiosities ; or, a Brief Account of the State of each County in England, carefully collected and composed for ye Use of Foreigners and others." The pagination in my copy is quite different from that of MR. GISSING'S. The sections for Counties in England, 1-173 ; Wales, 174-202; Islands about England, 203-209; an account of the several Monasteries, Priories, Frieries, Nunneries, &c., 211-16 ; Appendix, 217-48. ALICE B. GOMME.
Castelnau, Barnes, S.W.
No doubt Lowndes is right in saying that there were three editions of the work entitled British Curiosities in Art and Nature, i.e. 1713, 1721, 1728. MR. GISSING'S description of his copy corresponds with the last-mentioned edition, which has a folded table called " A Brief Account of the State of each County in England, carefully col- lected and composed for the Use of Foreigners and others." This seems to be misnamed, however, by MR. GISSING as if a frontispiece. Its place in the edition of 1728 is after Title-Page, Dedication, Preface, and a Table of Contents. It occupied, as appears from a defective copy in the William Salt Library at Stafford, a corresponding place in the edition of 1721. A copy of the edition of 1713- I have never seen. The tabular " Brief Account " was perhaps absent from your correspondent's.
T. J. M. Stafford.
THE BEST INKSTAND (5th S. xii. 438).— By the recommendation of PROF. DE MORGAN in your 3rd S. iv. 348, 462, I bought an inkstand, there described by him, of Mr. Dufour, a stationer, 17a, Great George Street, Westminster, which I have had in use now for sixteen years, to my con- stant comfort and satisfaction. I never chance to have seen any of the same sort in any other shop
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[6'h s. I. JAN. 3, '80.
in England ; but, some years since, during a day's their writings, and he would suggest that they
enforced sojourn at Havre, they were exposed for might have had some common source. He says
sale in so many shop windows that they almost the speech of Timon to the banditti is most to the
seemed to be the staple commodity of that ancient purpose, and quotes eight lines from it. If MR.
port. Their appearance is somewhat like a porcelain BIRCH will look into his Anacreon, in the ode
model of a circular turret ship, the ink being con- EIS TO AEIN HINEIN, he will, I think, find
tained in the turret, and pressed into an open what looks very like the original of Timon's speech.
reservoir or released from it by the simple action of a screw upon an internal cylinder.
C. W. BINGHAM.
THE MISUSE or ENGLISH BY FRENCH WRITERS (5th S. xii. 361). — In that depressing, unsatisfac- tory, and over-rated book, Les Rois en Exil, the use of English words is very remarkable, and as they are generally given without italics or inverted
N. J. HAYDON, M.D. Minchin Hampton, Gloucestershire.
THE THEATRE AT PARMA (5th S. xii. 467).— A plan of the new theatre occurs at plate 80 of
Parallel des Principaux Theatres Modernes de 1'Europe et des Machines Tkeatrales Franchises, Alle- mandes et Anglaises. Dessins par Clement Contant, Architecte, Ancien Machiniste en chef de 1' Academic Koyalede Musique. Texte par Joseph de Pilippi. Paris,
commas we must suppose that they are accepted chez A. Le'vy Fils, 13, Boulevard de Sevastopol, et chez as component parts of the French language. We | les Principaux Libraires. 1859."
The work is a large folio, and MR. WARD will find a copy in the Art Library of the South
meet with cab, ulster, sportman, beefsteack, dear (" le dear de toutes ces dames"), mohskine, water- proof, flirte (" on flirte au grillage de la caisse "), down, yes, shaking, clergyman, for in hand, hall, mackintosh, bookmaker, club, steeple- chase, steamer, revolver, baby, stick. The occasional irregularities in spelling are, I need scarcely add, those of M. Daudet. That great word Goddam, which serves as the title of a remarkable poem in the French language, is not omitted. We have also the ex- pression, so frequently heard on the Continent, so seldom used here, "high life"; but in order that
P--^
(p. 27) hia-life. A prince is described as having "un gracieux hennisseznent dont il avait
Kensington Museum. FRANK EEDE FOWKE. 24, Victoria Grove, Chelsea.
OCTAVE DELiriERRE, LL.D. (5th S. xii. 180).— Some of your readers may be glad to learn that an admirable notice of this lamented man of letters will be found in Triibner's American and Oriental Literary Record, Nos. 143-4, for Oct., 1879
H. S. A.
Louis XIV. (5*h S. xii. 487).— It would be easy to quote authorities in support of Thackeray's assertion that this king was short, though I do not of any writer who says that he was 5 ft. 2 in.
prs
" pl'tures m wlll(i1 ^e appears
1'habitude a force de vivre au Tattershal" One
of the heroines of the book keeps a family hotel g ,P 'm ma?y afc Versailles, which is afterwards spoken of simply as the family ?on usive evidence on the main ("le bureau du family" or " la fenkre du /amtfy>'/
I have said that Les Hois en Exit is
an unsatis-
as one of a for instance) are point. The king represented as shorter than most of the
aboufc
and he wears, for an obvious
-
factory book, and so it will, I think, be found by ^as.on' shoef Wlth heels of an enormous height. the majority of English readers. It is nothim, but 1S if v, ^ was the custom of the time to
.1 j - —•«£"«« itciucio. J.LI is UUbUJLUJf UUt -. 1 " V, 1 IT.
a tissue of chroniques scandaleuses concerning roval g • ' but those of the kinS are a gross
personages, put together without much art, and exaggeratlon of the fashion. S. LEE.
certainly without delicacy of either sentiment or In describing the figure of Louis XIV Thackeray
of a popular novel exposes himself to iust and severe censure. Finally, the volume is badly
~~.v..x. VI.UOUIG. x ;uij> & j volume is printed, and is full of typographical errors.
APIS.
PORTRAIT OF "ELIZABETH, COUNTESS OF DERBY (5tu S. xii 409).-The question would be a difficult one, as she eloped with a " noble " duke
A ^ C^ /1O^T\ T f * — -^* --* J. *i JJ ^^ KJ. Xll# O^Oj
4pa, 497;.— If vol. i. would be of any use to MR.
remarks
JE, to complete his set, which as he says is defective of vol. i., it is quite at his service.
J. P. E.
ao^AN TYuK?S i' CHARLES I-" (5th S. xii. 228, 254, v A i »i i -m my P°ssessiOQ for some years
SSSWfirrtftlSS
seen on the right
6th s. I. JAN. 3, '80.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
25
hand. On the left is a trunk of a tree, which rises against the arch. The design bears the stamps of the Hudson, Richardson, and Sir Joshua Reynolds collections, and is certainly very interesting, as it appears to be the first rough sketch for Vandyck's famous picture.
RALPH N. JAMES. Ashford, Kent.
" THE RANK IS BUT THE GUINEA'S STAMP " (5th
S. xii. 426).— The parallel from Wycherly is noticed in Bartlett's Familiar Quotations.
ED. MARSHALL.
VISITATION BOOKS, &c. (5th S. xii. 347, 475).— With thanks to MR. PETIT for his reply, I observe that Noble says that the Visitation of Northumber- land in 1615 has forty-two pedigrees. This is probably Vincent MS. 149, marked by Sim, p. 170, as original. But Harl. MS., 1448, printed in the Genealogist, vols. i. and ii., contains more than fifty pedigrees, as shown by the index. Is Mr. Sim's manual wrong? Is it possible that MS. D. 8, Coll. of Arms, noticed in the Genealogist, vol. iii. p. 195, may be the Visitation of Lincolnshire in 1562, or a copy of it 1 Noble (College of Arms, p. xix) prints the circular of the Earl Marshal and a summons to the Visitation of Gloucester in 1682. Was it not held 1 He says (p. 353) that the Earl of Egmont possessed many of the heraldic books of Henry St. George, including heralds' visitations. Among them might be Northumberland, 1615, and Gloucester, 1682. Where are they now 1
NOTA BENE.
Noble, in his History of the College of Arms, says that the Visitation of Lincoln for 1562 is in King's College, Oxford, and that there were Visita- tions for Gloucester in 1682 and 1683. I presume these are in the College. EDWARD FRY WADE.
Axbridge, Somerset.
«POSY"=A SINGLE FLOWER (5th S. xii. 188, 289, 329, 350, 378, 470, 515).— I thought the con- troversy respecting this term was closed, so I hesitated to send a contribution, but as I see that it is not I forward my mite. At the disbanding of the Republican army, shortly after the Restora- tion, Charles II. presented a week's pay to each soldier. In acknowledgment of this gratuity the men of one of the regiments " unanimously re- . solved with the week's pay to buy each man a ring, • whose Posie should be ' The King's Gift ' " (Merc. Pub., No. 58, Nov. 22 to 29, 1660). S. D. S.
SIR PHILIP SYDENHAM, BART. (5th S. xii. 429). — Sir Philip, the third and last baronet, was born 1676, and died unmarried Oct. 16, 1739. He was educated at Catherine Hall, Cambridge, and took his degree as M.A. 1696. In that year, his father and elder brother being both dead, he succeeded to the family title and estates. He became M.P.
for II Chester in 1700, and for the county of Somer- set 1701-5. He was a man of literary pursuits, formed a considerable library, corresponded with men of letters, was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1700, but withdrew from the society in 1707. I am not aware that he published anything with his name. For family history see Burke's Extinct Baronetage, and for some letters which are characteristic, see Nichols's Illustrations of Litera- ture, iv. 77-9. EDWARD SOLLY.
Sir P. Sydenham died Oct. 10, 1739 (Gent. Mag., 1739, ix. 554). L. L. H.
A PRINT BY DAVID LOGGAN (5th S. xii. 509). — This print is rather rare, but surely a search amongst the dealers of engraved portraits in London would discover one. For an account of the family of Sanders of Derbyshire, &c., reference may be made to Burke (Sir B.), Landed Gentry, fourth edition, under "Sandars of Chesterford.'7 The writer has an original portrait of Thomas Sanders, which was exhibited at the National Por- trait Gallery. S. SANDARS.
Oxford and Cambridge Club, S.W.
"PERRY" AS APPLIED to WOODY SPOTS (5th S. xii. 428). — I have observed and published that Perry or Pury occurs in or near to Roman roads, and denotes some abandoned Roman establishment. It is quite possible it may be a form of byrfy.
HYDE CLARKE.
A ROMAN BANQUET (5th S. xii. 506).— Had the Romans bills of fare, or what means did they take to explain to their guests the good fare which was to grace the feast 1 Had they tablets for the pur- pose, and, if so, how did they arrange them, where did they put them, and what were they called ?
C. B.
BULL-BAITING IN ENGLAND (5th S. xii. 328, 455, 518). — Within the first quarter of the present century there used to be a yearly bull-baiting in the market-place at Wokingham, Berks.
t X. P. D.
A MEDIAEVAL BELL : A CURIOUS INNOVATION (5th S. xii. 388, 434, 498).— In reply to MR. NORTH let me say that the Rev. J. W. Moore, Rector of Hordley, is quite sure that the letters, though worn, are correctly copied from the Old English characters on the bell, and adds : —
" We thought at first that the letters we deciphered ' trinitas ' might be the name of some saint, but careful inspection decides that they are ' trinitas ' and nothing else. If there were any doubt as to the ' ora pro,' which there is not, the letters could not be ' miserere/ for what- ever they are they are only six."
A. R.
The anomalous bell inscription, " Sancta Trinitas ora pro nobis," is to be found on one of the oldest undated of the three bells in the parish church of
NOTES AND QUERIES. [6* s. i. JA*. 3, m
Stoke Charity, Hants. The church is in good pre- servation, and is, with good reason, generally con- sidered to be of the twelfth century. Could it have been the same founder who supplied both churches 1
MANORS IN ENGLAND AND IRELAND (5* S. xii. 428) —Does ECLECTIC not know the fundamental work of J. P. Neale, Views of the Seats of Noble- men and Gentlemen in England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland, in six descriptive and illustrated quarto volumes, published in London between 1818 and 1823? He can inspect a copy ot it in 'he Finch Library, preserved at the Taylor insti- tution, Oxford. H. KREBS.
WHEN WERE TROUSERS FIRST WORN IN ENG- L YND I (o<h S. xii. 365, 405, 434, 446, 514.)— Some sixty years ago a "woman Friend," preaching in a country Quaker meeting, admonished her hearers against vanity in raiment, and said it was " distressing to see so many of the younger mem- bers running down into longs ; but, thank the Lord, there was still a precious remnant left in shorts." When I was a boy, the spelling _ of the -word was trousers. Is there any relationship between this and the Scottish trews ?
Whnt kind of trousers were those which figure in Somerville's tale of " The Officious Messenger," :-f poem which, unsavoury as is its subject, was deemed worthy of a place in Elegant Extracts ? As Somerville died in 1742, the verses must have been written in the earlier part of last century ; :tnd yet, when Squire Lobb sets out on his way to n:ake a complimentary call, —
'•' In his best trowsers he appears. (A comely person for his years)."
These can scarcely be the sort of trousers MR. PKACOCK refers to, especially as the Squire seems only to have had white " drawers" beneath them —no ': breeches." CLK.
I ( i;-r the following to MR. PEACOCK, which I iinauinc to be an earlier instance of the word, -hoiiLih I may be, and probably am, wrong : —
" To see this fight all people then
Got up on trees and houses; On churches some, and chimneys too,
But these put on their trowses, ^N'ot to spoil their hose . . . ."
" l)ragon of Wantley," in Percy's Reliques
iii. 302, ed. 1767. C. F. S. WARREN, M.A.
My copy of Ucnlowe's Theophila contains f plate fi.oing p. 218, not always found in the book which Lowndes describes as " The author in the country conversing with a Shepherd." The authoi is represented correctly dressed as a gentleman o the period, and the shepherd wears a tunic, trou- sers, stockings, and shoes. The book was published
n 1652. Barlow the etcher (who was a Lincoln- hire man), in his beautiful edition of Esop's Fables, 1687, generally represents countrymen vearing very much the same covering for the legs ,hat they wear here to-day— easy-fitting breeches, vith " yanks " or " splats " (= gaiters). K. K. Boston, Lincolnshire.
BAPTISMAL FONTS (5th S. xii. 443). — In the hope jhat some one will carry out the suggestions uade, I should like to make a note of the ollowing, which, if its present resting place can be found, would probably be of great help :—
" 7192. A curious and very interesting manuscript work on ' Ancient and Remarkable Baptismal Fonts in this Country,' prepared for the press by Jos. Taylor, author of many antiquarian works, illustrated with numerous drawings and engravings of the most curious fonts in this country. 4to. half calf neat, 48s."— J. C. Hotten's Handbook of Topography and Family History.
H. G. C.
AUTHORS OF BOOKS WANTED (5th S. xii. 389).—
Twenty Years in Retirement is by Captain Blakiston. (5"' S. xii. 449.)
The Two Rectors is by G. Wilkins. (5"» S. xii. 489.)
Old Bailey Experiences is by the late Mr. Wontner, ;he grandfather of the present well-known solicitor, I aelieve.
A Dictionary of Writers on the Prophecies is by the Rev. J. W. Brooks. See Lowndes's British Librarian, p. 963, art. 47 ('-'). OLPHAR HAMST.
AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED (5th S. xii. 469).—
" There lies a little lonely isle," &c. See Verses for Holy Seasons, by C. F. H. (Mrs. Alex- ander), London, F. & J. Rivington, 1846, Hymn for St. John the Evangelist's L>ay. S. G. S. S.
NOTES OX BOOKS, &c. Life of the Right Rev. Samuel Wilberforce, D.D., Lord
Bishop of Oxford, and afterwards of Winchester.
Edited by" the late Canon A shwell. Vol. I. (Murray.) OF the two Bishops of the Church of England who in recent times have left the strongest personal impression upon the memory — " Henry Exeter " and " S. Oxon " — the widest and strongest impression is that left by Samuel Wilberforce. For of the two he was by far the more dis- tinctively many-sided, and his varied relations with princes, statesmen, men of science and of letters, helped the more to make him such. To a certain extent, indeed, this very characteristic, which so greatly increased his in- fluence, tended, at the same time, to lessen it. Perhaps the actual measure of that influence has not yet been fully realized. To the nation generally, in which his name had practically become a sort of household word, the sense of what had been lost in him came home most powerfully, though, at the same time, somewhat vaguely, with the tragically sudden tidings of his death. Now, by means of the story of his life, which the lamented and almost equally sudden death of its editor leaves for a time incomplete, it will be possible to form a more matured judgment on the work done by Bishop Wilber- force. Canon Ashwell's book is, even in its present state, a valuable addition to the history of the English
8. 1. JAN. 3, '80.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
Church during some of the most stirring years of a period of constant stir alike in Church and State. It carries us back, indeed, to some half-forgotten times of conflict. We find ourselves amid the crowd of angry faces in the Convocation of the University of Oxford bent upon the degradation of Mr. W. G. Ward, which another pen, that of Canon Oakeley, has so graphically described from a different point of view. — We are in Bow Church, protesting against the election of Dr. Hampden to the see of Hereford.— We are in a carriage hastily tacked on to a luggage train, jolting on through the weary length of Saturday night to reach Osborne in time to preach the sermon which is being written under such unique circumstances of discomfort. It is likely enough that many of the readers of this most interesting biography will not agree with some of the various ex- pressions of theological and political sentiment scattered through its pages. But no one can open the book with- out being grateful, both to the AVilberforce family and to Canon Ashwell, for the picture here presented of one who devoted himself heart and soul to every phase of his life-work, and who deserves beyond any of his con- temporaries the name of "the representative bishop of the Church of England."
Memorials of the Civil War letween King Charles I. and the Parliament of England, as it affected Herefordshire and the adjacent Counties. By the late Rev. John Webb. Edited and completed by Rev. T. W. Webb. 2 vols. (Longmans & Co.)
MR. WEBB devoted the leisure of a long life to historical research. He did much in an entirely unobtrusive man- ner, and it is but bare justice to say that his work was thorough. It is much to be regretted that he was not spared to complete the book before us. The plan is most excellent, and the parts which were finished are worked well up to the design, but the book was left but a fragment. No one, however intimate, can use another's notes as the compiler himself would have used them. Mr. Webb was a stout royalist, and we must be prepared to see the old world of the seventeenth century through Cavalier spectacles, fully to enjoy the volumes. If we can but do this there is a great treat in store. The first pages, in which the secluded state of Herefordshire in days gone by is described, are really charming. The slow travelling, the foul ways and deep ruts, come before us as if we had seen them. The book is full of biographical detail, for much of which (would that we could say all !) exact refer- ences are given, and the lives are not given dictionary wise, as if written for the purpose of being forgotten as soon as possible, but with point and colour that make them cling to the memory like a verse of a ballad. How many of us know anything about Lady Brillana Harley, except, perhaps, the fact that she took her name from the Dutch town of Brille, of which her father was governor when she was born. Mr. Webb tells us that her name should never be forgotten among us, "not only so long as there is a Harley, but while there is a wife or mother among us to record her praise." This is strong language, but not too strong, as the sequel shows. The accounts of the various sieges are well done and contain new matter. That of the siege on Raglan Castle is especially worthy of notice. We wish the editor had revised the account of the surrender of Colchester. It is not just to speak of "the hard, pitiless Ireton " We suspect that the words are not Mr. Webb's, but have crept into the text from some of his notes, without marks of quotation being given. Opinions will always diifer as to the expediency of putting Lucas and Lisle to death nfter the surrender, but it has now been established be- yond cavil that the act was strictly in accordance with the laws of war.
English Men of Letters. Edited by John Morley. —
Milton. By Mark Pattison. (Macmillan & Co.) MR. PATTISON has earned the gratitude of Milton's admirers by gliding lightly over the history of the years during which the poet was tied down to the com- position of official letters. With the exception of Milton's attacks on Salmasius and Morus not one of his pamphlets excited any attention from the external world or ruffled the quiet of English life. Save in the solitary instance of the indignant remonstrances against the massacre of the Vaudois, his pen was never required for any of the important despatches addressed to foreign courts. The charm of Milton's life lies in the happy years spent in composing the musical yet melancholy poetry of L 'Allegro and 11 Penseroso amid the meadows of Horton, and in the enforced seclusion of Bunhill Fields, which was only broken by a casual visitor, like the " ancient clergyman of Dorsetshire." Even in the prosperity of the Common- wealth he " dwelt apart," and consorted not with any of the eminent writers of his time but Marvell. For this isolation in early life Mr. Pattison has found some excuse by stigmatizing the illustrious band of scholars at Oxford in the days of Dr. Prideaux as " the vulgar- minded and illiterate ecclesiastics who peopled the col- leges of that day." Mr. Pattison has had the advantage of finding in the bulky volumes of Mr. Masson all the material ready to his hand for a sketch of Milton's life, but the pages of this little volume contain many in- dications of an independent study of the history of the age, and their value is heightened by many a humorous touch and many a bright thought. We may be pardoned for expressing some regret that the language of a book de- signed for popular perusal should have been disfigured by
many words — e.g.,1' pudicity," " pervasive," "asyntactic," " digladiations " — which ordinary readers would find some difficulty in understanding. In the second issue these blemishes might easily be removed, and a few errors in date, such as those on pages 168, 1G9, and 21^, might profitably be corrected. Mr. Pattison persists in using the word " cotemporary." It meets us in almost every page, and wherever it arises it repels. Has the rector of Lincoln never read the keen criticism of the "slashing Bentley " on that corruption of the proper spelling ]
Henrici Archidiaconi Huntendunensis Ilistoria An- ylorum. Edited from the MS. by Thomas Arnold, M.A., for the Master of the Rolls.
No complete edition of Henry of Huntingdon's Ilistoria Anglorum has been printed in England since 1596, when it was included by Sir Henry Savile in the folio volume entitled Rerum Anglicanarum Scriptores post Bedam prcecipui. Having waited so long, we would gladly have waited a little longer ; for although Mr. Arnold has im- proved the text by a careful collation of several MSS., his want of familiar knowledge of the details of Anglo-Norman history is constantly forced upon the reader. For ex- ample, he has printed in his text at p. 261 that Paganel fortified against King Stephen in 1138 the castle of " Ludelaue," when any one familiar with the baronial history of the period would know that the true reading was Dudelaue, because Paganel's castle was not Ludlow, but Dudley. Again, he fays that Eustace Fitz-John held the castle of " Merton," when the true reading was obviously MaLton in Yorkshire, where Eustace founded a priory in 1150 (Monasticon, vi. 970). He tells us, too, in the index at p. 351, that " Roger Earl of Norfolk re- belled against William II.," when it is notorious that Roger Bigot, who rebelled in 1088 and died in 1107, had no pretension to be Earl of Norfolk, and that the earl- dom was granted to his son Hugh by King Stephen. In like manner he fails to observe that " Rogerus Consul de Moretuil," who fortified Pevensey in 1088, was au
28
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[6* S. I. JAN. 3, '80.
obvious misreading in the text at p. 214 for "Robertas Consul de Mortain," the Domesday baron of Pevensey, and the well-known half-brother of William the Con- queror. Mr. Arnold is not more successful in his glos- sary, where we are told that a Hide was " about thirty acres of land " ! There are other blunders of the same kind, but we have pointed out enough to justify the criticism which we have felt bound to apply.
The Encyclopedic Dictionary. A Xew and Original Work of Reference, &c. By Robert Hunter, M.A., F.G.S. (Cassell & Co.)
THE object of this publication is stated to be to supply " a work which should present the ordinary features of a dictionary of the English language, and, at the same time, treat certain subjects with something of the exhaustiveness adopted in an encyclopaedia." Such a plan, properly carried out, would undoubtedly meet a general want, and fill an acknowledged gap. Unfortunately, in the present instance, it can hardly be said that the work is in every way satisfactorily done. The book is, no doubt, so far as it has gone, the most com- prehensive English dictionary that has yet appeared, but this fulness is obtained at the cost of a great waste of space, inasmuch as all, even the slightest, variations of spelling are separately inserted. Thus we find " aberne," "aburne,"' "alburn," "auburn," and "awburn": "aseth," " asseth," " assith," arid <% assyth " ; "according," and " accordyng," and many otbers. The editor does not appear to have followed any definite rule as to compounded words, but to have admitted all which he has found joined by a hyphen. To such an extent has this been done that '" a^ter " and "all," with their compounds, extend over seven and thirteen columns respectively. Amongst the etymologies we meet with many long since exploded, as well us some fresh ones of the same class. " Adder,'' we are again told, is from A.-S. atlor, poison;, 'whilst the true form, ncedre, is only incidentally mentioned. " Afford " is derived from "Lat. ad = to, and Eng. or A.-S. forth," an absurdity well exposed by Prof. Slceat in his Etymo- logical Dictionary, a book which the editor of the present work would do well to consult. In the quotation given under " Aforthe " that word is a verb, not an adverb. "A^raze" is said to be from A.-S. aqrazian, a verb as yet unknown to Anglo-Saxon scholars. 'Under " Arbour " there is no reference to the true history of the word as first shown by Dr. Murray in his edition of Thomas of Ercddoun. " Abide " we are told was primarily intran- sitive, and meant to dwell or live in a place, whereas it really was transitive, and meant to await. " Abthane " is explained as the '•High Steward of Scotland," whereas the true meaning is an abbacy, as was clearly shown by Dr. Skeue, Historians of Scotland, iv. Fordun, pt. ii. p. 413, abthanus being an invention of Fordun, due to his misunderstanding the word. Halliwell's mistake as ) the meaning of abofe, in the phrase, " to bring to one's alove" (a phrase not so very infrequent in Gower and Caxton), is reproduced, although it has been fully explained by Prof. Child, in Ellis, Early Eny. r onunc i.6,5. The whole article " Anend " will requii ; to oe corrected and the etymology generally to be revised istakes, however, will occur, and in no kind of work perhaps, are they more liable to occur than in diction- aries and books of that class. While, therefore we should like to see fewer misprints, which tend greatly to depreciate the value of an otherwise valuable book we cannot doubt that as a work of reference the volume nil from its fulness, more espeeially in scientific terms be found exceedingly useful. It is well and clearly printed on good paper, and very neatly got up.
ON December 27, at his residence in St. James's Terrace, Regent's Park, died William Hepworth Dixon, F.S.A., historian and critic. His first literary efforts were poems in a periodical called Bradshaw's Magazine, but he also contributed to Douglas Jerrold's Illuminated Magazine and Shilling Magazine. In 1845 he published a five-act tragedy entitled The Azamoglan, and in 184d he entered as a student at the Inner Temple, where in due time he was called to the Bar, but never followed up the profession. From 1853 to 1869 Mr. Dixon was editor of the Athenceum. A paper of his, entitled A Morning at Eden Lodge, induced Lord Auckland to publish his father's journal, and a similar paper, on the Treasures of Kimlolton, caused the preparation of the Duke of Man- chester's Court and Society, to which Mr. Dixon con- tributed the " Memoir of Queen Catherine." In 1864 Mr. Dixon made an Eastern tour, which resulted in the publication of The Holy Land, in two volumes. On his return from Syria he assisted in founding the Palestine Exploration Fund, and, in conjunction with Dean Stanley and others, conducted excavations in Jerusalem and elsewhere. Among Mr. Dixon's works, William Penn, Holert Blake, Free Russia, Her Majesty's Tower, The Switzers, &c., are familiar to all.
THE QUEEN has been graciously pleased to accept a presentation copy of Icon Basilikc, a new edition of which, with a preface by Miss Catherine Mary Philli- more, has just been issued.
MESSRS. ROUTLEDGE & SONS write: — "We issued a shilling edition of the Four Sons of Aymon in 1852, It has long been out of print."
to
We must call special attention to the following notice: ON all communications should be written the name and ddress of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith.
M. D. C. (Devonshire Club).— When English heralds hall have agreed upon an explanation of such a motto ts " Stryke Dakyns, the Devil 's in the hempe," Scottish icralds may find one for " Furth Fortune, and till the etters." Mr. Seton (Law and Practice of Scottish Heraldry, 1863, p. 250) attempts no explanation, but simply quotes the opinion expressed by the author of a Journey through Scotland (1732) to the effect that the Atholl motto "defies all the heralds of Europe to explain it ! " Mr._Elvin, however, in his Handbook of Mottoes (1860), p. 73, had already ventured upon that trackless sea, and this is the explanation which he gives : " During the reign of one of the early Scottish kings [notice this delightful vagueness] a robber was in the habit of plun- dering the country. One of the Murrays, ancestor of the Duke of Athol (sic) undertook to put a stop to the annoyance, and as he was setting out the king is reported o have said to him, ' (Go) forth, (good) fortune (attend you), and (may you) fill the fetters (with your captive).' " Mr. Elvm rather misleads his readers by giving the motto as belonging both to the Dukes of Athole and Lords -xlenlyon, the fact being that the sixth duke, himself Viscount Glenlyon in the peerage of Scotland, had suc- ceeded as second Lord Glenlyon, U.K., in 1837.
NO TICS.
Editorial Communications should be addressed to " The ditor of 'Notes and Queries ' "—Advertisements and
Business Letters to "The Publisher "—at the Office, 20,
Wellington Street, Strand, London, W C We beg leave to state that we decline to return com-
mumcations which, for any reason, we do not print • and
to this rule we can make no exception
6«>>S. I. JAN. 10, '£0.)
NOTES AND QUERIES.
29
LONDON, SATURDAY, JANUARY 10, 1880.
CONTENTS. — N° 2.
NOTES :— The so-called Head of Seneca, 29— The Mystery of St Pantaleon, 30— The Pitcairn Islanders, 31— Shakspeariana —English Banquet in 1703, 32— The New English Dictionary of the Philological Society— Princess Olive of Cumberland— Rejected MSS., 33— How Jokes are Concocted— Obituary Verses—" The Rooky Wood " — Bedfordshire — Parallelism —Transformation of Words— Hare Brains given to a New- born Child—" Anders," <fec —Curious Epitaph, 34— The Red- breast in Scilly— Vanderstop's "Gentle Shepherd," 35.
QUERIES:— A Pair of Puzzles— Williams Baronetcy— An Equestrian Player on the Pianoforte— Dickens' a Bartholomew Fair Collection— "Lieutenant"— Andrers Woelfl, 35— "The Flogging Welch Bishop "—Copper Coins of 1864— J. Wymon —George Virtue— " The City of Dreadful Night"— "May Culzean"— The Vowel "a"— Old Colonial Story — Altham, 36 — Derry— Moliere — Brooke, Lord Cobham — ' ' Scup "—A Druidical Revival- "Twitten"— "Burned in the Hand"— " The forty-nine officers "— Zulu Pillows— " Silverlings "— King Alfred— Poem Wanted -Edward Strudwick, 37— Nao- georgus's " Sprituall Husbandrie," <fec. — Saunders and Dun- combe— Eden— The "Tachifenografo"— Authors Wanted, 38.
REPLIES :— A Biographical Society, 38-Sir John Cheke, 39— Yakoob Khan— A Topographical Society, 40— Old Hundredth — " Brandlet" — Celtic Races, 41 — Superstitions — Employment of Women— "Week-end," 42— "Don Quixote "—Martyrs at Newbury— Christmas in Yorkshire— Female Churchwardens, 43— The India House— Grimm's "M6moires"— A Token- Portraits of Centenarians — The History of Literary Forgeries, 44— A Humorous Motto— W. Linton— " Esopus " Prices- Binding of Book of Charles II.— English Vineyards— J. Arbuthnot— J. Wilkes— Trousers first Worn, 45 -De Laune Family — Balcony — A Roman Banquet — "History of the Mutiny at Spithead"— Ancient English Mansions, <fec.— Tea- drinking— Ink— "Giagged," <bc , 46— Deed of Denization— Royal Signature— Authors Wanted, 47.
NOTES ON BOOKS:— Dobson's" Hogarth "—"Pen Sketches by a Vanished Hand "— " The Philosophy of Handwriting " —"The Antiquary "—" Songs of Society."
THE SO-CALLED HEAD OF SENECA AT NAPLES.
Those who know the Museo Keale of Naples can- not but remember the presence there of a bronze bust, executed in the best style of art, and por- traying a man of middle age, who at all points shows *' frontem Dis iratam " — a gloomy and discontented temperament, which no amount of self-indulgence has subdued or removed. He is a man of more than average intellect and firmness. He is bearded, beetle - browed, and wrinkled. His cheeks are sunken and emaciated. He is un- kempt and unshorn, and a pronounced animal occiput completes the unamiable individuality. So masterly a reproduction of nature is rarely to be seen. Accordingly, it is the pet of all the art shops in Naples, where it figures in bronze and in terra cotta, in large size and in small.
The original bust was found with others, as far back as 1750, at Herculaneum, in a villa magnificent in its size and adornments. From that time to this it has been unhesitatingly labelled " Seneca." No authority of any kind, direct or indirect, however, has ever been adduced for the justice of the ascription, its sole ground seeming to have been a vague feeling that such a head best expressed
what a moral philosopher must have looked like. A primd facie objection, however, to the ascrip- tion has existed from the first, and, as it was sug- gested by the famous Winckelman, ought to have prevailed. The workmanship of the bust is not of the age of Seneca, but of some epoch more or less anterior. In Nero's time, as Pliny asserts, art in bronze had fallen off, but this bust shows a per- fect and unabated excellence in that craft. There is more also than this objective difficulty. There is a subjective discrepancy also. Such a head as I have described cannot embody an intellect so high, so subtle, and so generously comprehensive as that of the brother of Gallio.
Either of these objections should dispose of the common ascription, and leave the field open to a newer and a better one. This better attribution is now supplied by Signer Comparetti, the dis- tinguished professor at Florence, whose admir- able work on Virgil in the Middle Ages has made him known to all the learned of Europe. In his work just published at Naples, entitled La Villa de' Pisoni in Ercolano e la sua Biblioteca, he has undertaken to prove a new affirmative, and to show distinctly whose bust the one in question really is, viz., that it is a family portrait of Lucius Calpurnius Piso Csesoninus, the consul against whom, in company with his col- league and his humble Greek friend, Cicero so candidly inveighed.
In the villa before mentioned was found a library consisting (with some few exceptions) of Greek philosophical treatises. It is this library which has supplied the only papyri found at Herculaneum. Of these 341 have been up to the present time unrolled and published or got ready for publication. Of the whole number thirty-nine have been recognized and identified as distinct works of specific Greek authors. As among the names of the authors we find Epicurus him- self, with Demetrius of Byzantium, Polystratus, Oolotes, and Chrysippus, all Epicureans, we may safely regard this library as having been essentially Epicurean. But though Epicurean it lacked the great works of the great leaders of the school. This is a curious omission. But there is another fact con- nected with it which is quite as curious in its way, viz., the fact of what it did possess. It contained also many works— a majority of the whole col- t lecfion— of a second-rate, perhaps less than second- rate, Epicurean author — Philodemus of Gadara, Piso's well-known friend. . Of this man one work only is mentioned by the ancients, and that has been ably identified by Prof. Comparetti with a treatise of an unnamed author among the papyri of the villa. Philodemus, like most Epicureans, was many-sided. He was a charming poet of lascivious vers de societe. The Greek anthologia has preserved a great many of his epigrams. He was known generally as a man of the world rather
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[6l" S. 1. JAN. 10, '80.
than as a philosopher. Who, then, was the Epi- curean collector who preferred for his library the works of an inferior author of that school to those of its master spirits ; who neglected Epicurus, Metrodorus, and Hermarchus for the writings of a mere nonentity of the sect, a Grseculus of good Koman society? Was it Philodemus Mmselfl That has been suggested. But if it were Phdo- demus's own library there should be the authors MSS , but there is none such here. The MSS. are all written, with one exception, by professional hbrarn. But if it was not Philodemus's library (in a friend s house) there can be no doubt that it was that of a friend and admirer of Philodemus— in other words, of Piso, who was both. It was the library of the house of a wealthy Roman Epicurean. The numerous and marvellous works of art found in that library and house now form the choicest ornaments of the Museo. One room contained inscribed busts of Hermarchus the Epicurean, and Zeno of Sidon, the contemporary and master of Philodemus. The house generally contained many anonymous busts, and Philodemus's may be amongst them. Cicero has told us of a rich Roman who admired and protected Philodemus— Piso. We may assume that Piso was his only great friend. One such was sufficient for the Syro-Greek, more, perhaps, were not attainable. But it may be said that we have no evidence that Piso resided in Herculancum. It is certain, however, that he left Rome entirely in his later days, for he slips out of history altogether, and no man of his rank and eminence could have remained in safe obscurity so long as he continued to live in that centre of publicity. He left Rome, therefore, but where did he go"? To Herculaneum, says Prof. Cornparetti. For that villa which we have been describing was his. That library was his. That bust (commonly called Seneca's) is his portrait, because, in bronze, it is exactly what Cicero has, on paper or parchment, left us as Piso's delinea- tion. The artistic work of the one and the word- painting of the other record and perpetuate pre- cisely the same man. " Dis irata fronte," " frontis nubecula" (In Pisonem) ; "ex barbatis illis,': " capillo horrido," " quid de supercilio dicam," &c. (Pro Sextio) ; " rugis supercilioque" (Post reditum in Sen.); "pilose genre," "semivivus" (In Pisonem) The circumstance of the beard and moustache on the bust is noteworthy. The wearing of both is remarked upon by Cicero as a peculiarity of Piso, fo: then no Roman gentleman went unshaved. Piso's immoderate lubricity, which the occiput of the bus1 plainly shadows forth, is denounced in the Orat. in Pisonem. This is not the whole of the evidence When Piso was consul in B.C. 58 his colleagu was Aulus Gabinius, a man after Piso's own heart but in his exterior the strongest conceivable con trast to him. Cicero has also given us Gabinius' portrait, and we find that he wore his hair curlec
_
ith the irons like a mountebank ; it was tied by
band, and fell in fringes all round his head
His cheeks were fat, flabby, and painted
« cinchmatus," " calamistratus saltator,' ma-
entes cincinnorum fimbrue, et fluentes cerussa-
geque buccee." So effeminate was his look that the
oublic called him " Catiline's wife." Now a por-
rait bust, the exact and undeviatmg counter-
,art of Cicero's description in every particular,
was found in the villa in question side by side
with Piso's own bust, and is now in the Museo
^eale Is not this Aulus Gabinius's portrait?
3rof 'Comparetti thinks so. Why it should be
here is sufficiently explicable. It was the likeness
f a friend dear to him for kindred vices, and
heir association in the great social and political
glory of the consulate. His friend's bust com-
nemorated and recalled their joint reign of a year
over the whole world.
Engravings of the two busts accompany Prof. Comparetti's treatise, and will enable his readers unacquainted with the art treasures of Naples to udge for themselves of the physical identity of the ;wo consuls, as portrayed by Cicero, with those Jomans whose images were found in the villa at lerculaneum.
If Prof. Comparetti's identification of the two busts be as true as I believe it to be, it must ead to other identifications also, for there are )ther busts equally anonymous which were found n their company. One of them is of a lady now called Sappho. This may rather be Calpurnia. There are two busts also of boys. These may be the grandsons of Piso — the Pisones to whom Horace afterwards dedicated the Ars Poetica.
I have said enough to show the great import- ance of Prof. Comparetti's treatise, both in its historical and in its artistic bearings. Of the ;harm of its diction, the finish of its method, and ,;he close subtlety of its reasoning, the reader will be best able to judge by consulting the original.
H. C. C.
THE MYSTERY OP ST. PANTALEON, OR
CHURCH AND STAGE IN 1653.
(Concluded from p. 11.)
Part II. " Epitasis." Pantaleon approves him- self a good and faithful pastor.
Scene 1. Town and palace. Pantaleon considers the affairs of the diocese with his friends.
Scene 2. As before, with the sea in sight. Apparition to Pantaleon of Divine Justice, borne on clouds, and foretelling the death of Maximus and his son. The bishop leaves court, and thence- forth occupies himself solely with the interests of his diocese.
Scene 3. Mountains, forests, gardens, &c. The inhabitants of the Jura [presumably still pagans] pray to the god Pan to preserve their cattle from
6»i' s. I. JAN. 10, '80.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
31
the wolves and bears. Pan's oracle is uttered from a tree ; the surrounding trees applaud it by " treading a stately measure." Some of the dancing trees thus escape a conflagration which puts the rustics to flight.
Scene 4. Palace, &c. The Virgin Mary, special patroness of the bishopric, comes down from heaven, surrounded by angels, and promises Pan- taleon to protect his see. In order, apparently, to strengthen his faith, the roll of names and arms of fifty-seven prince-bishops, his successors, down to Jean FranQois de Schonau, is made to pass before Pantaleon's eyes amidst the clouds.
Chorus. The peasantry of Rauracia, delivered from war by the death of Maximus, show their joy in a dance.
Part III. "Catastrophe." Pantaleon suffers martyrdom near Cologne with St. Ursula and her companions.
Scene 1. Town and palace, with gardens, &c., Pantaleon, troubled for his diocese, which is being ravaged by the Huns, continues instant in prayer, and resolves to die for his flock. Faith, Hope, and Charity appear in the clouds, and confirm him in this design.
Scene 2. As before. Pantaleon is visited by St. Ursula and two of her principal attendants. They ask him to be their guide into Germany. He consents, entrusting his diocese to his friends.
Scene 3. A forest, open country, and the sea [the coast, it may be imagined, of North Germany]. Divine Justice, from the midst of clouds, urges the tyrant Maximus to alter his mode of life. Maximus receives letters, informing him of the departure of Ursula and her companions. He sends Conanus, one of his officers, in search of them.
Scene 4. The Rhine, fields, &c. Two barbarian chiefs appear, much astonished at not having yet been able to carry off Ursula and her mente. As an interlude before fresh attempts, four halberdiers execute a dance in honour of their future wedding [presumably to some of the holy company].
Scene 5. The Rhine, on which are seen two vessels bearing Ursula and Pantaleon. Tkay are met by Gaunus and Melga, chiefs of the Huns. A general massacre takes place. Pantaleon and Ursula exhort the virgins to martyrdom. Angels cast down flowers upon them, and then carry their souls to heaven.
Chorus and Epilogue. The Rhine, dressed in purple, relates the martyrdom of St. Pantaleon, and promises his protection to his successors, and more especially to " his Benjamin, who now governs the see." The Church of Basle, in the midst of the applause of the heavenly hosts, is borne through the air on a triumphal car drawn by two Schonau swans, one red and the other white. Songs, cheers, the blare of trumpets, and salvoes of artillery bring the play to. a close, and the curtain falls upon the " Mystery of St. Pantaleon."
For six hours continuously, from five o'clock in the afternoon till eleven at night, the good people of Porrentruy had been held under a spell. Nothing had been wanting to complete their de- light. Scenery, stage effect, the ballet, the fre- quent intervention of sacred or mythological persons — strange as the admixture may now seem to us — allegory set forth in plain terms by picture and emblem, all had hailed the festal day of the consecration of the new prince-bishop. The story of the play was printed in three languages, Latin, French, and German. Thus all, learned or un- learned, might alike know of the " Joye et gratu- lation publique tesmoigne'e par une Comedie de St. Pantale, premier Evesque de Basle, pour la solennelle consecration de Mgr. le Re>. et 111. Jean Frangois, Evesque de Basle, Prince du St. Empire, represented au college de la compagnie de Je"sus, a Porrentruy, tant par la bourgeoisie lettree que par la noble jeunesse estudiante." The ac- count of this high holiday which I have laid before the readers of " N. & Q." has been taken from a history of the College,* presented to me by a kind Porrentruy friend, Dr. Dupasquier, on the occasion of a visit to the old capital of the Bernese Jura in the early summer of 1875. " Hcec olim meminisse juvabit" may be my motto, as well as that of the historian of the College of Porrentruy.
C. H. E. CARMICHAEL.
New University Club, S.W.
THE INHABITANTS OP PITCAIRN'S ISLAND.
The interesting account of the arrival at Pitcairn's Island of the organ presented to the islanders by Her Majesty, prompts me to send you a genealo- gical table of the descendants of the mutineers of the Bounty, compiled by a friend, who in 1832 visited the island in H.M.S. Comet, sent from Sydney for the purpose of conveying the islanders to Otaheite. The table must be read as of 1832, and if its appearance in " N. & Q." should elicit further and later information, such would be very acceptable to me. The numbers after each name represent the age of the person in 1832. Should this table prove of interest to readers of " N. & Q.," I would gladly avail myself of the kindness of my friend, who is still living and in excellent health, and for- ward extracts from his most interesting journal of his voyage and visit to the island. The mutiny of the Bounty occurred in 1789, and, after a perilous voyage, Christian, with eight mutineers, six Ota- heitan men, and thirteen Otaheitan women, arrived at Pitcairn's Island. About four years later an affray took place between the mutineers and their Otaheitan slaves, together with three others of the mutineers, the result of which was the destruction
* Histoire du College de Porrentruy (1590-1865). Par Louis Vautrey, Ancien Professeur au College, Cure-doyen & Delemont. Porrentruy. 1866.
32
NOTES AND QUERIES.
. I. JAN. 10, '£0.
of the whole of the Otaheitan men and the three treacherous mutineers. The following table shows tne descendants of the remaining five, and of Mills, who was killed in the affray. Fletcher Christian, mutineer, m. a Taliitan woman, and
had issue : — Thursday October, 42, m. Susannah, a Taliitan, and
had issue : Mary, 23, and had a child by Buffett ;
Charles, 22, m. Maria, his cousin ; Polly, 19, had
an illegitimate child by (?) ; Peggy, 15, m. Daniel
Macoy the third; October, 12. Joseph, 40. Charles, 38, m. Sally, a Taliitan woman, and had
issue: Sarah, 21, m. G. H. Nobbs,* and had one
son Reuben ; Fletcher, 19 ; Edward, 18 ; Maria,
16, m. Ch. Christian, her cousin; Charles, 13;
Mary, 11; Margaret, 9; Isaac, 5. Mary, 37. Daniel Macoy, mutineer, m. a Tahitan woman, and had
issue : — Daniel, m. Sarah Quintall, and had issue : Daniel, 22,
m. Peggy Christian, and had a child Daniel ;
William, 20; Hugh, 16; Matthew, 10; Sam, 9;
Jane, 8 ; Sarah and Albina, infants. Arthur Quintall, mutineer, m. a Tahitan woman, and had
issue : — Arthur, m. Kitty Macoy, and had issue : Arthur, 15 ;
Kitty, 12 ; Charlotte and John (twins), 10 ; Phoebe,
6 ; James, 5 ; Caroline, 4 ; Ruth ; Lucy Ann, born
on passage to Otaheite, and called after the ship
which transported all the Pitcairn Islanders to
Otaheite. Edward, m. Dinah Adams, and had issue : William,
13; Martha, 9; Edward, 7; Abraham, 4; Louisa. Matthew (was drowned), m. Betsy Mills (who after-
wards married William Young), and had issue •
John, 20 ; Matthew, 18. Sarah, m. Daniel Macoy the second. George Young, mutineer, m. Nanny, and subsequently
Isabelle, both Tahitan -women, who came to Pit-
cairn's Island in the Bounty, and had issue :— George, m. Hannah Adams, and had issue : Fre-
derick, 9 ; Simon, 8 ; Dinah, 5; Betsy. 4 ; Jemima •
Martha. William, m. Betsy, widow of Matt. Quintall, and
had issue : Martha, 4 ; Mary ; Miriam. Robert. Edward. Polly, m. John Buffett, f and had issue : Thomas 6 •
John, 4; David, 3 ; Robert.. John Adams, mutineer (died March 5, 1829, aged 65) m
a Tahitan woman, and had issue :— George, 24, m. Polly Young, and had issue: John, 4 •
Jonathan ; Josiah. Dinah, 22, m. Edward Quintall.
n' 21» m' Jack Evans>t and had issue : John • William.
Hannah, 19, m. George Young.
Mills, mutineer (killed in the affray), m. a Tahitan woman, and had issue Betsy, who married Matt Quintall.
Hie ET UBIQUE.
W' A arrived in a slo°P of about tbirtJ tons,
after" mencan naraed B«"ker, who died mad shortly
were ieft °n t
SHAKSPEARIANA. " THE UNDISCOVERED COUNTRY," " HAMLET,"
III. i. (5th S. xii. 243).— Our present popular Chris- tianity holds that the soul after death is imme- diately remitted to its place of happiness or punish- ment. The view of earlier Protestantism and of the older church was that it went to Hades, the intermediate place, and there awaited the resur- rection and judgment. The mediaeval Latin Church evolved purgatory from this, founding the idea in part on the parable of Dives and Lazarus. Shake- speare, possibly from conviction, more probably because he was dramatizing, in consonance with the views of the times in which the story was laid, a tale of the dark ages, or for other dramatic reasons, chose to assume the purgatorial view. And here I would remark by the way, that to argue that this is conclusive proof of his own belief is absurd. Did he believe in Hamlet, or his story, as he presented them, or in Othello and Emilia? Or are we to hold that he believed in his Oberon and Titania, their court and quarrel? Returning to our subject, it cannot be considered that this Hades or purgatory was either the undiscovered country or part of it ; it was but a half-way house, or second stage on the way thither, as our present life is the first.
If, however, A. F. insists on purgatory being included in this country, though I cannot admit it, Hamlet's consistency in this point can be main- tained. A consideration of the latter part of Malone's note may suffice to awaken the train of thought I would pursue.
Thirdly, I add that "The Murder of Gonzago ; or, the Mousetrap," being yet unacted, Hamlet at this moment has, partly for the purpose of excusing to himself his own inaction, tutored himself to think he believes that the ghost was in all probability no ghost, but an illusion of the devil, "abusing him to damn him," and all, there- fore, that the illusion had said mere lies.
B. NICHOLSON.
"HAMLET," V. i.— " Imperious [or imperial] Csesar, dead and turned to clay." In some editions of Shakespeare "imperious" is used, in others " imperial." Which is correct ? A. TWOOD
AN ENGLISH BANQUET IN 1768.— At this season ot good cheer it may not be amiss to follow the lead given us in the Christmas number by F. G., and to record the bill of fare of a dinner given by the Lord Mayor of London, in 1768, to the King of Denmark. The king came from New Palace Yard on board the City barge, a select band of water music playing in the stern, the principal livery companies attending in their respective barges. He took some refreshment on landing, for ?u »JWJ collation ha<* been provided for him in the Middle Temple Hall, and then His Majesty,
6* S. I. JAN. 10, '80.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
33
expressing his surprise at the populousness of this city and his satisfaction at the kindness of the citizens, went his way through the streets to the Mansion House.
The bill of fare is that at the king's table alone, and I may express a hope that he had chickens enough. The account is taken from the Annual Register.
Chickens. Harrico.
Spanish Olia, Turtle, Mullets, removes.
Venison.
Tongue, Collops of larded Sweetbreads. 4 Vegetables. Quails, Ortolans, Pheasants. Notts, Tourt, Green Peas, Artichokes. Ragou Royal, Green Truffles, Mushrooms. Epergne.
8 Cold Plates round Shell Fish in Jelly.
Chickens. Fillets of Hare, Olia, Harrico, Turbots, Venison, removes.
Small Westphalia Hams. 4 Vegetables.
Pea Chicks, Partridges, Pheasants, Quails.
Perigo Pye, Artichokes, Cardoons, Ragou.
Green Truffles, Green Peas.
Epergne.
8 Cold Plates round Aspects of Sorts.
Chickens. Collops of Leveret, Turtle, Tongue, Dories, Venison.
removes.
Tendrons, 4 Vegetable removes, Quails, Ortolans, Notts.
Wheat Ears, Godiven Pye, Ragou, Green Morells, Peas.
Combs, Fat Livers.
• Epergne.
8 Cold Plates round Shell Fish in Marinade.
Collops of Turkey. Fillets of Lamb, Terene, Chickens, Soals, Venison,
Westphalia Ham.
Partridge, Leveret, Ruffs arid Rees, Wheat Ears. French Pye, Mushrooms, Green Morells, Fat Livers,
Combs, Notts.
8 grand ornamental dishes, sweet and savory. 8 dishes of fine pastry.
At the Roman banquet they had no sweets. Can any one tell me what " notts " may mean ?
0. B.
[Several other dishes seem to need explanation. What e.g., is " Godiven Pye " ?]
THE NEW ENGLISH DICTIONARY OF THE PHI- LOLOGICAL SOCIETY.— The editor, Dr. Murray, Mill Hill, London, N.W., thanks correspondents for words supplied in answer to his former request (5th S. xii. 329), and would be glad of help, direct by post-card, in supplying the following blanks. 1. Any bond fide quotations for the following : Afoegative, abnet, abnodate, abnodation, abomi- nator, abouting, abranchiate, abrogative, abscond- ance, absency, absentanteous, absently, absinthiate, absmthine, absis, absist, absistant, absistance. absolutistic, absonate, abstorted, abstractitious, abstncted, abstringe, abstrude, abstrusion, aburden, aburst, abusement, abutter, to abysm. 2. Later quotations for the following, the date affixed being that of the last instance of the word yet sent in by readers : Abnegator, 1637 ; abnormous,
1855; abnutive, 1682; to aboard, 1701; abobbed, 1400; abodance, 1673; abodement, 1685; aboding, 1700; atolete, 1520 ; aborsement, 1651 ; abort, n., 1651; abortivate, 1625; abortment, 1658; ubow, 1400; abrase,#p^., 1688; abrenounce, 1680 ; abre- nunciate, 1618 ; abrenunciation, 1720 ; to abroach, 1420; abrood, 1696; abscession, 1600; absconce, 1572 ; abscondment, 1658. 3. Earlier instances of the following than the date affixed, which is that of the first use yet reported : Abnormal, 1840 ; abnormality, 1854 ; abnormally, 1645 ; abnormity, 1859 ; aboard, 1509; abolition (of slavery), 1820 ; abolitionism, 1860 ; aboriginal, 1788 ; aboriginary, 1868 ; to abrase, 1859 ; abrasion, 1740 ; abreast, 1567 ; absentation, 1852 ; absentee (Irish), 1769 ; absentness, 1858 ; absinth(e), 1854 ; absolutism, 1859 ; absolutist, 1850 ; absolvent, 1837; absorbed (in mind), 1805 ; absorbedly, 1868 ; absorbent, 1794 ; absorption, 1741 ; absquotilate or absquatu- late, 1837 ; total abstinence, 1843 ; abstergent, 1861 ; abstraction, 1660 ; absurd, 1590 ; abut- ment, 1644; abutment in architect., 1823; abyss, 1560. Sentences or clauses containing these words are requested (with exact reference to author, work, page, and edition), not reference to dictionaries where they may be entered.
PRINCESS OLIVE OF CUMBERLAND.— Amongst other follies the Princess Olive of Cumberland appears to have been an adept in astrology. There are a series of " Astrological Fragments by H.R.H. Princess Olive of Cumberland " in The Astrologer of the Nineteenth Century, a work published by W. C. Wright in 1825, which had appeared in numbers during the preceding year, under the title of the Straggling Astrologer. The editor, in announcing the appearance of the lady's contribu- tions, says that " the Princess Olive was educated under her maternal grandfather, Dr. James Wil- mot, of Trinity College, Oxford, who laid the foundations of her present acquirements by in- stilling into the youthful mind of her Royal Highness his superior knowledge of natural and occult philosophy and the liberal s'ciences," &c. Her name is on the title-page of several numbers as one of the editors and then disappears. In one article (p. 218) she declares that if " Hebrew pro- phecies not made public are properly understood, the children of Israel will assemble about the year 1849 and rebuild Jerusalem, and a golden era will commence afc the close of this century — the pro- mised millennium." One article, not by the prin- cess, is on the position of the planets on the birthday of Shakspeare (p. 238).
WILLIAM E. A. AXON. Fern Bank, Higher Broughton, Manchester.
REJECTED MSS. — In Belgravia for this month :he story is again told of the rejection by more :han one publisher of Jane Eyre. I believe Jane Eyre was never rejected. What was rejected was
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[6<h S. I. JAN. 10, '80.
The Professor, and this novel was set aside for a time by its author, who next wrote Jane Eyre. which, as I have heard the story, was offered to, and accepted at once by, its publishers, Messrs, Smith & Elder. G. B.
How JOKES ARE CONCOCTED. —
" A Paris editor says : ' While looking for the word " lexicograph " in Littre's dictionary, edition of 1876, we found : " Lexicograph, one who is concerned with lexico- graphical studies." Looking then for " lexicographical,' we found: "That which pertains to lexicography." Finally, looking for " lexicography," we found : " The science of the lexicograph." Now we know all about it.'"
The above is from the " Variety " column of the Watford Observer, Nov. 15, 1879, and from the company in which it appears I infer that it is taken from an American paper. I send it to show how much inaccuracy may go to the composition of a very small joke. The joker has omitted the definition which is the first after the word " lexicographe," " Celui qui recueille tous les mots qui doivent entrer dans un lexicon." Surely he could not have missed this by inadvertence. I did not know that Littre's dictionary had reached a second edition. My copy is 1869, and the twelfth number of the supplement is 1878. The 1869 edition is stereotyped. If there is another with the first definition omitted, I apologize to the funny compiler for the harsh language which I have applied to him.
FITZHOPKINS. Garrick Club.
OBITUARY VERSES.— The following lines recently appeared in one of our daily papers — the same which published the verses about the little boy who was obliged to go up " the golden stairs " without his "trousers," already reproduced in
" Oh ! mother, it is hard to hear the news, For cruel death such victims for to choose, Why not less loved ones prey upon, And leave an only parent to her son ? Oh ! mother, if my lot it could be At your bedside a moment for to see Your presence, I never more would shun, For you were the best of moihers to a son. Dear mother, I hope God knows what is best, And that your soul is mingled with the blest ; Your children will pray and contented be, That in that heavenly kingdom they will join with thee."
BAR- POINT. Philadelphia.
" THE ROOKY WOOD."— In annotating Macbeth, ^11. ii. 51 (Clarendon Press series), Messrs. Clark and Wright have this sentence :— " ' Koke ' is still found in various provincial dialects for 'mist steam, fog.'" To take "rooky" as meaning misty is so thoroughly in keeping with the context that anything likely to bear out such an interpretation is of importance. During the pre- valence of an easterly hoar last summer, in the
uplands of Fife, a ploughman said to me, " That 's a gey an' rooky nicht," which, being interpreted, means " That is a rather misty night."
THOMAS BAYNE. Helensburgh, N.B.
BEDFORDSHIRE. — Being engaged in collecting- materials for a history of the Hundred of Mans- head, in the county of Beds, I should feel grateful if any of your numerous correspondents who may be interested in this county would kindly send me notes of any references they may happen to come across, in perusing MSS.. &c., of matters relating to the past history, heraldry, genealogy, &c., of this county. Any MSS. lent to the undersigned will be gratefully acknowledged and speedily returned.
F. A. BLAYDES.
Hocklifie Lodge, Leighton Buzzard.
PARALLELISM. — The following instance may not have been pointed out : —
" His honour rooted in dishonour stood, And faith unfaithful made him falsely true."
Tennyson.
" Omnia tradantur; portas reseravimus hosti ; Et sit in infida proditione fides."
Ovid, A. A., iii. 577, 578-,
A. C. MOUNSEY. Jedburgh.
TRANSFORMATION OF WORDS. — " Helping- stick" for "alpenstock" (5th S. xii. 466) is a capital instance. I once heard an uneducated man talk about some one who played the " hark- audience " at public houses, meaning the now obsolete "accordion," a predecessor of the con- certina. J. T. F.
Bp. Hatfield's Hall, Durham.
HARE BRAINS GIVEN TO A NEW-BORN CHILD-. — When a new-born child seems fretful, and to. crave something which it cannot get, and keep* perpetually licking its lips in a hungry manner, the brains of a hare are administered as an ir>- fallible specific. Probatum est ! A.
"ANDERS" AND "TENDERS."— Sleigh, in his History of the Ancient Parish of Leek, quotes Philip Kinder, who, writing dr. 1650, says : — " Your peasants exceed the Greeks, who had four meales a day ; for the moorlanders add three more, ye bitt in the morning, ye anders meate, and ye yenders meate, and so make up seven."
B. D. MOSELEY.
CURIOUS EPITAPH.— In St. Paul's churchyard, Bedford, is the following epitaph on a tombstone to the memory of a Serjeant Cooper :— " Censure not rashly Natures apt to halt ; That man's not born That dies without a fault."
D. G. C. E.
6th 3. i. JAN. 10, '80.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
35
THE EEDBREAST IN SCILLY.— On Oct. 16, 1637, Dr. John Bastwick landed, as a prisoner, " at the Islands of Syllyes [Scilly], when many thousands of Robin Redbrests (none of which birds were ever scene in those Islands before or since) newly arived at the Castle there the evening before, welcommed him with their melody, and within one day or two after tooke their flight from thence, no man knowes whither." — A New Discovery of the Prelates Tyranny. Lond., 1641, p.90f.
W. C. B.
VANDERSTOP'S VERSION OF "THE GENTLE SHEPHERD." — Cornelius Vanderstop was the author of an edition of The Gentle Shepherd, "done into English from the original of Allan Ramsay," London, 8vo., 1777. The project gave rise to the following epigram, which I read lately in one of the MSS. of the Eev. John Watson of Stockport, headed " On the translation of the Gentle Shepherd by Cornelius Vanderstop, Esq., 1777 " :—
" Vander ! Vander ! whither dost thou wander 1
Gentle Shepherd! Pr'ythee stop ! Vander ! Vander ! whither dost thou wander ] 0 Cornelius Vander — stop ! "
JOHN E. BAILEY. Stretford, Manchester.
We must request correspondents desiring information on family matters of only private interest, to affix their names and addresses to their queries, in order that the answers may be addressed to them direct.
A PAIR OF PUZZLES.— Will " N. & Q." kindly •consider two questions, one of which a family con- clave has failed to settle 1
1 . What is a Jew ? Does it mean a man who adheres to the Mosaic faith, or a man who is a descendant of the patriarch Judah ? Is it parallel with Christian, or with Englishman? E.g., Is Lord Beaconsfield a Jew, and always will be, or did he cease to be a Jew when he was baptized as & Christian ?
2. Is "fair," used in the sense of beautiful, applicable to all types of beauty, or only to the blonde ? Mrs. Stowe says of her quadroon girl Eliza, that the bridal veil " could scarcely have rested on a fairer head." Is this a correct or incorrect use of the adjective ? for a quadroon, if I mistake not, would be a decided brunette.
I have decided opinions on both these questions, but as I find them strongly contravened by different persons, I venture to appeal to " N. & Q." to settle fchem. HERMENTRUDE.
[There is no political Jewish nationality, therefore Jews are British, or French, or German subjects. But there is a Jewish race, to which its members do not cease to belong, whatever their religion. The union of the ethnological and religious notes constitutes the Jew as usually understood in popular speech. But the two notes are not always combined.]
WILLIAMS BARONETCY, 1815.— George Grimes, Esq., who assumed in 1785 the additional name of Williams, was created a barcnet in 1815. He died in 1843, leaving four sons. The eldest, Sir Eras- mus Henry, was second baronet from 1843 to 1870. The third surviving son, Sir Watkin Lewis Grimes Williams, was third baronet 1870 to 1876(?), when his younger brother and presumed heir, the Rev. David Herbert Thackary Williams, was said also to be alive. In Debrett's Baronetage for 1879, p. 199, under " Griffies Williams," there is a note, "See Williams," and under Williams, p. 461-2, there is no allusion at all to the baronetcy in ques- tion. Did both brothers die in or before 1878-9, and is the title extinct 1 EDWARD SOLLY.
AN EQUESTRIAN PLAYER ON THE PIANOFORTE. — Among the figures on the screen referred to in "K & Q.," 5th S. xii. 509, is a coloured engraving of a remarkable equestrian performer on the piano. The instrument is in the shape of a " grand" pianoforte, and has two legs at the key-board and one leg at the further end. These three legs are placed on small crimson pads, fastened by girths to three horses, who are represented in full gallop, the first horse being in advance of the other two. The performer stands with outstretched legs on the backs of these two horses, and plays the piano as they gallop round the ring. He wears a tight-fitting blue frock-coat and black trousers. He has long hair, and is without moustache or beard. Reins pass round his neck to the first horse. The engraving does not appear to be a caricature, but the faithful representation of some performer. Who was he ? A similar performance would be a sensational novelty at the present day. The piano would, doubtless, be specially made of some light wood. CUTHBERT BEDE.
CHARLES DICKENS'S BARTHOLOMEW FAIR COL- LECTION.— Some months since I met with this large and curious collection at Sotheran & Co/s. It seems to have been principally collected by Mr. Upcott. Does it appear in any of Upcott's sale catalogues] and is anything else known regarding ii ? CALCUTTENSIS.
" LIEUTENANT."— When, and why, was this word first pronounced lef tenant ? I find it spelt "lievtenant" in Selden's Priviledges of the Baronage, 1642. E. LEATON BLENKINSOPP.
ANDREAS WOELFL. — I ask for some information relative to this excellent historical painter, who was either a Fleming or Spaniard. He lived in the seventeenth century, and I think many years since I saw some account of his works in a book relating to Spain by the late Mr. Ford. I cannot find the name in any of the works relative to the lives of painters into which I have looked. Artui
36
NOTES AND QUERIES. [6th s. i. JAN. 10, 'so.
Woelfoerts there is, but lie is not the right man. I should be pleased to show a picture by him, viz., " The Four Evangelists in Conference," life size. It is an admirable specimen of the master.
HENRY MUSGRAVE. 45, Holland Park, Kensington.
"THE FLOGGING WELCH BISHOP." — Who is referred to in the following lines, which I hap- pened to meet with in an Irish magazine published in 1792?—
" The Flogging Welch Bishop. " Some bishops by their strength of head
To Virtue's paths their flocka command; But Bangor's prelate in its stead Performs it by his strength of hand."
RICHARD W. H. NASH, A.M. The Rectory, Waterville, co. Kerry.
COPPER COINS OF 1864. — Is it true that the scarcity of these coins is due to the fact of a small quantity of gold having got into one of the issues of that year, and that the coins were therefore called in ? There is certainly a great paucity of them now in circulation. Also are they of any value to collectors over and above their intrinsic worth ? HAROLD J. ADAMS.
St. John's College, Cambridge.
JOHN WYMON OF GREENE HALL, SUSSEX. — Could any correspondent favour me with any in- formation relating to his family ? Who was the last of his descendants who bore the arms ascribed to him in 1586 ? G. L. G.
GEORGE VIRTUE commenced his compilations in 1713, and they amounted at his death to nearly forty volumes, large and small ; these are said to have been bought of his widow by Walpole, who wrote his Anecdotes entirely from these MSS. What became of them] Did Walpole destroy them, or are they still in existence ?
C. A. WARD. Mnyfair.
" THE CITY OF DREADFUL NIGHT " : FER- RIDODDIN: KISAGOTAML— I should be glad to know who is the author of The City of Dreadful Night, and where it may be had ; and who are Ferridoddin and Kisagotaml. A. B.
BALLAD OF "MAY CULZEAN ; OR, FALSE SIR JOHN. --I want very much an exact copy of the black-letter broadside which was in the possession of your Birmingham correspondent EMUN when he wrote to «N. & Q.,» 1-t S. iii. 208 ; also of the printed stall ballad, of about 1749, entitled Ihe Western Tragedy, which is mentioned bv Motherwell at p. lxx of the Introduction to his Minstrelsy; and I should be glad to have the later stall print called The Historical Ballad of May Ciilzean, referred to by Motherwell at the ie place. To prevent misunderstanding, I will
say that I have the Eoxburghe copy, and all that are printed in collections. F. J. CHILD.
Harvard College, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A.
THE VOWEL "A." — Thomas Sheridan, in his Dictionary of the English Language, published in the latter part of the last century, mentions only three sounds of this vowel, those in hat, hate, and hall ; and the Edgeworths, in their Practical Edu- cation, follow him. We have a fourth sound in such words as far. Was that sound not used in the time of Sheridan 1 If not, how were such words as far sounded 1 UNEDA.
Philadelphia.
AN OLD COLONIAL STORY. — Mr. Eobert Fer- guson, M.P. for Carlisle, in addressing his con- stituents, on December 16, related the following amusing story :—
" The Boers," he said, "are peculiar. They are a sort of Old Testament people ; they believe they are a chosen race, and that the people whose lands they want to get possession of are Canaamtes. They are very much like, in some respects, some of those old settlers who went to America ; grand fellows they were on the whole, but at that period they had some of these ideas, and it is told of some of those settlers, that on one occasion, -when they wanted some adjacent lands, I suppose held by Indians, they held a public meeting, and they passed resolutions- in the orthodox Anglo-Saxon style. ' Resolution first, proposed and seconded and carried — That the earth is the Lord's and the fulness thereof. Resolution second — That the Lord hath given the inheritance thereof unto His saints. Resolution third— That we are His saints.' And so, having done all this in the most regular, and, according to their