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UK, RA ine a 63D CONGRESS \ HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES J Document 2d Session t No. 585
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
GEORGE OTIS SMITH, Director
PROFESSIONAL PAPER 81
CRETACEOUS DEPOSITS OF THE EASTERN GULF REGION
AND
SPECIES OF EXOGYRA FROM THE EASTERN GULE REGION AND THE CAROLINAS
BY
- LLOYD WILLIAM STEPHENSON
WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1914
63D CONGRESS | . > OF REPRESE? TES § DocumMENT Dal Cesta HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 1 No. 585
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
GEORGE OTIS SMITH, Director
PROFESSIONAL PAPER 81
CRETACEOUS DEPOSITS OF THE EASTERN GULF REGION
AND
SPECIES OF EXOGYRA FROM THE EASTERN GULF REGION AND THE CAROLINAS
BY
LLOYD WILLIAM STEPHENSON
WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1914
BD VINA Se PRA!
CONTENTS.
Page.
IBIS Foe aus gcc] COd 0 COS Gene NSE ae eee ae eae eae i sae Siar ts en RENE DRS Beate, Bre oti Sone AS A ke 7 CretaceousidepositstolsthereasternGuli-recion.. 242. 82.22 2a eee eee eee ee ee See 9 Object amdsscop eyo tet eieryo tke ee oe oho ac ae eget Sey ere re oe eee ae ee ars eae 9 hasiian depresentEMbeEDLetatl ON? =. ec. ok cece cee cee eo on oS ee oe ee ee ee 10 IbONnG? COREIKCBOUS, odococe de Caen ae teen em ee ene a UC ees Gee peau rene A Ue oct 10 Wishes? Ora GCONS 5 o= pa deen ee ee oe teak Ao REO wR EY EN Nh coe bobeae 11 JDEIRT CONG NTOIS 6 okae aaa ae ane ne eee ine aan Sow Ar mine Gee Ber OS EES Be es soane 1 IMeortOMESRCORKE AGL OM: 2 2 aszjssors Fajsiciz cs SAI SE Ee ee a eee 11
MT OTM VASE CASSIE CALI OT sjeidi o'n,a a ave a Seal sk = cone ee OR SO eRe = Soe a 12
Witnelnalls: Glasibavest tel area tere serene Solan ts a Ue anes on bo aadcse meconadasaccnk sasssee ac 12
iil gar dastcassitveation: <2. 02. Ss nhs ek sec tose ee oer Se ee aR eee ere 12
Sraiiin eiagl Jolemgons G bissiate yon cece sea odessa cee soseoecaaossoeuesseacebasoadicsanoune 12
Atuscalloose, aml Imimyy7 keane yun eee an ene sear a sedacsososonnadsseceauascobeases saadeoesscesace 12 BAS Ge COTUGT ON BMS ISS 190 PT je ccrel= fa che oye 5! aces =p eR eee TSI Ns ee ee Pee 12 WiestermpAllalbama)...-..-s20--,2-5252-25 BA ye GOMER Se ae ae IEE SE apa ae Beas Assos mabe 13
Nerdy ustimemtrormtine momenclature se sac sss after reeset (ere ager ayaa fea 13
HH Mbemigo fables musa oosay 1Orbn AbLOme ae ee er ee ee eee ees on eee 14
Baier Of (ne: JBiiehar Mowe Hse aes eee ca eee on qwoneba ss soesceAesdacaun sakes teaneasooscce 14
Selmagehallikteemee fore ca Sta AE SEE Ee Ss GR ake 0 eae eS 15
INGING 5. 5.9 SS SG ESS ae oP ENO a Ait Ue aed ee BG isqdca.s anaae eae 5
TOR doco nSig Co ae Nene To SS Eee Senne Non mene P aa Nr she BSE Sea ee sue 5
CHEECH a Seas ais eee aS IER thes ee eo ee GON eS a ae URL Gp gecuaseeeseee 15
ILiingllogiie sulsebhiatromtBagaecewsee see ee aachaatoacsaashedeccasuacscanaas See A Stee eee ae 16
ND SOS ELON arses ste sivas sied a Sicha are Mig eee ea Sea eee Se Loe eee oe en ae Ree So ae elec 16 HAleOULOlOs1 CSU CkVAISIONS oc. =o cee < Goes eee oe = ee ee er 17
RIP eye ORMatlOMns sa = sass - 52+ e aes ene aS ES AestiSa a Ss See et cre Se Senn eee 17
INDISSISST 0011 Ot Renee eee no eet RUE anna a ace ara aac S ancdneneaacecs- 17 wRetmesseerandsnorth ward. < esa. sect sec eee ee De ee eee Ole Cee eee 17
PANT ao aim ayer UGE OT OIA <= S25 aire syeis m sie) feats mes OS epee soe me Bel eracee eR eee ee 18
SUMMA VAC MP LCSEM ACL ASSUT Cay bl OMe ace ac steele pe eretees cia Eee Te re ee 19 General sequence 19 Lower Cretaceous 20 Upper Cretaceous......-..-..-.---- SES oe ae pe hn Het erreae See Gnamnieneke ote caches BO shape (Oran cts 20 huscaloosapormation”... 22+... Sasso. eee neta Decade dees ore 2 RO Ee Soe Noe Aaya eee 20
HSU beu yap LOIN ALLO INE Soa is Sei ie cette oy cae pet te A c he SA Se ta SSS Sr see 20 Pyyplcallibeds: 3.5. 2x se< nu Wate tance ee ce etn oie eee DER Sas eee Eee Ee eee Beene 20 omibicbeeysand: members sapys\scetere ss eee crete Natale ears tte ee eee 21
Goffeetsand members)... -casc) fone a2 5 le See nee e ASE Sse See see sees eee ee Se Rees 21
Selman chal oo. acs sc'e apahe oa neem Aas Mae eR ORS SEE SCS ES RSE CR SSR Se sees See ene 21
Le yerONMM ALON Ss = se ssi stars yei aera Steerer ee ke Sa ee eee Ee ee EO ee ee ee ene 21 Mississippi, Tennessee, Kentucky, and Mlinois: 2. 25. 2522 5252-0- 222 aes eee 21
Mp UCAll DOS: a e.z Bash tees ee eee see aI ol MELE ato stg Ag nS eS alee ee 21
INGEN Epi ALP hate kame KAR sana sabes ones area ee one eSaeSosneT coo acosesacseasorscnsssesnss 22
Wabama and Georgiadis. chess 35a een cas 7~ Se Sane mise cee Nenad Aa emer ina eee eon oe eRe sen 22
Mbypical’ boda = ctererrte eee see eee ee es Se Ses eye me es CTR oI Es eran 22
Cusseta sandsmembermesencks sie end oseecigo ere see at een eee eae a eee oc eeae 22 Providenceisandmember is aise ees Sse ae See eSe ane eee se eee ees eee 22
Sane el tic Beteoaacod conde dacoe Ss Seas sesaabn ee cass asccanss s6a6 Seu dose ao eces saeceSSueceease 22 Haim ale Zones;an Cys b ZONES sateen eye ee etre te eee eet rea ee eee oe ee eee 23 Siratiorap hic rel at Lor sere pepe ee ee eri rate oe esol Se oe eee ee 23 TStyseull oe IHRE Sopdocasds ead nuoonGnore seeasne boc Janos Ser au eso es asce shea GuSN ope Specs scaassscess 23
4 CONTENTS.
Cretaceous deposits of the eastern Gulf region—Continued.
Faunal zones and subzones—Continued. Page. Mistubutonsandiranre loth elspeclessass sass epee eeeine ee eee eee eee eeecee eee e sere eer ee cere 23 iBasalybeds\otath er utawplormatlonsesesceen cee cece eee coer eee e Cole ee renee ene ee eee eaee 25
Rangeronitheyspecles see ee see oss eyo 5 ae ee Oe ee ee ee eee eee 25 Correlation Seon toce sete ee tee ie oie a in OS Se Ie eye TE SES TEE OY SE Oe EE 25 Invertebratess jsausaceite ae SoS ie Sle Se ea ee eee te CEE eee 25
IPI ant 8 2) -sopyss cee lobe seals tis inne; ese Meas ee eee eee clans 52 eae ene ee eee 26
Werte brates so 21526 cay. ci nticie aie lo ST a ot ee Nl coe Swi EE ROO Soe eee 27
YE ZOGYT. A PONGETOSG! ZONE) sacra arceciespsistss Done eels os. Hastie eRe ne aeele Fae 2, ~ 212 eee ee eee 27 Rangeolithe ispecies: 4 s-e ase snes eee StS SEE ee Ere diners Sic chsig ie ae eee eee ab 27 SUDZONCS se Ue tek Aamo eee ee TS SOARES Ss Seen in eee aie ce heres aes idcaaie 28 @ccurrence/ofithe fossila 32s 2s ese eee ee SE ee ee 2 sic Se ee 28 Mortoniceras'sUbZONGE = (.\20 5.2 foe licee cece see ome teenie ne esis Ce eee eee 29
Part of Exogyra ponderosa zone between the Mortoniceras subzone and the Exogyra costata zone. . 30 Correlation. 522. .4c2nsedes salt cents base em oe aot ee Mase Se Ge eet aisle bole se Ee ee ee ers 31 Imvertebrates si .2.5 See ook a oe Ui eres e rte es ont NER eo NS 2 ee ara eR 31
Ther Carolinas s: so-55 Saat see esos eee ee essed ore en Sie Sey ee eee ees 31
New, Jerseyto2< 5 2ec ade ehnosectee eee n ca ek ctaiocc ein Sach = ce Se eee ery? 31
TORS sein 2 scene see Eels ee ioe ore SAS oe en Se emis bE EE Se tis ESSE eee eee 32
Wertebrates' sao ccs ism stinisee pie icine Se Le et See mie ee ee EES EEOC eee ee 32
PIA TS) = [5 el Nee alee oe erates Mette co Stereo USE erase itioioik ue sidie eis easitinngj oo Ce eRe CEE ee 33
PH 0g yas COSLALE ZONE! 3a. Sie ae ety e eae pe EI End iw ce Sepa IE EE aE es 34 Rangeot ithe: species cc seesen eceaaee ies se sere ese aise ine ao si ene eoiee Siete ee eee eee eee 34 DUD ZONES. 2 je rseie ciate estate eters eles eT ee eee esereia ec Spcserwre ta ie eiclcto ie ersten ee eee epee eee 36 Occurrence\ofithe fossils son aen ae yaa eee to ee tein 5 oe eS ee eee Ee COE ee 36 Tnopistha proterta\ Sub Zone so se sjajo =o = eietesstatste steele ere att. n 2 sie eee cy eictais ae oleae eee Oe 36 Extreme: Upper! Gretaceous beds! 255. s-emer ea ene ee nat cine Aas eee wn ee ee as eee eer 37 Correlations :-as2=se ras see ce a meas Seo ee OE aria eee eee etree Brosseeceueacunaecce 37 Invertebrates ison reise ssw soe - etya eee ie eae ee CSIs ease naa or Rees 37
The; Garolinag!: 2-5: -e:s ange ee eet eRe ee Renae Lecce se eee eee nae 37
New Jersey: 222 jcc cee hs ect ee eine eae ciate cmon tte s Slaie saa ice gee eee 38
dN :) Sse eee OC an ER tem eeOG m HONE HU aries yaaa a SEE OO n aS Hos Soc 38
Wiertebrates ics pees acpi cnc ate rae oe ee aes Re erate «(oat ee 38
Pl awits: = siecle sete acs Se ecw 0 Sepa alata sphere Se Tne SP IE LESS are ape na Roma 3 See 39 SIDI A Sade bonopa ah bee 6 co sonedne baee sa gonen espace sHoguc SSovsscngseuseconmpeeEdbSssoe as icsecoses: 39 Species and varieties of Exogyra from the eastern Gulf region and the Carolinas. .........-.....-.------------ 41
Iba HOC hIAH Ota aee ear ee GOR aa oes dD ao cau n So or ASE BOB AD He os co Soran cab eORseRp Sedo se heseedsesscc 41
Mefinition: ofthe genus~ 75.5 -2- sce wea eee se tos ore ois oe ee ee eee ele = rte eee et eee eee 41
Geologicirange:ofi the genus scm ae sacme meee eee earls san ane ania = a) afe alae = ole een ea ape et ota ree Ce eee eee 42
General description of theispeciesand varieties’ ns a ecertee - ici <12 ere clots fae ate te ta eee ee 42
Geolociciand#eeopraphiciran gens... asec tas eta are ine areca woe wee ee 43 astern Gulfiresionrand the Carolinass= sess eee ae aimee layne ate =) cea ee ae eee ee 43 ING Wid CISC Yaa se cote eae TE eee eee a 25S oo a ee 44 Wiesternt Guliirecion 22 scence meee nee ae ee meee alee m0) aaa ae 45 NSC 0 SSE ee Ie ee ee ee SE eee IEC OSG Oy sndaaino naedosteeoases 45
45
SIVELEMN ALCL CSCLIpUOMS = ote aae teeta eta asia tatmie tere es ee ee aa eee 46
(CGMS Db. era GUISES Beno sosage asa oSon ses 255.0555 sy opedoneaEona=cSossudocdadsaosnsoshomatesces 46 ELOGYT.A UPALOVENSIS SP = WON ame aaa eaa nie ie aaa are = eta me 46 IDES ad onl) Wan Sasa Sa kat consokcosec odor casesdesunoaepaadan=sconsasesesacesbenbasessoncs5: 46 Geologieloccurren Ceo ae ate acs eat eae 46 abo hal paoeeenoce da toeussses Suche Gs onde sathseass sects soeb Pp apemostonpcouebersedanecss 46 SELOGYNG) PONAET OSA, IROCTET So mapas ms ale ay ee ee eal 46 Desert ptiom a. s-= oo cee eer ee a ee 47 Geologic occurrence se ae aye e winter ee aa a ele 47 1bayeol lines ese meneeero a bodas a= 6S Sono Saco sooth snas Sorc sc CosRee ice esseeceeeastsoocesce7s: 48 Exogyra ponderosa Var. erraticostata War. NOV2 ~~ === == am en ne 49 IDYSTe lah ohne) oeReraeeasoseee sae As Sdce 4 Ja os Seas sesesosseeevese aes eshesseeseshasssoc< 27: 49 Remarks: 6. 2.222. a2 </a2 2-02 Seee: 6 35 SS Pe Oe Ree ae ean is oe ee 49 Geolovicioccurrence: == ==. 2 - esac = see ee ee ee 49
MSO CRINGIOS ae oo oo Smee = = a eR a (on oe 50
CONTENTS,
Species and varieties of Exogyra from the eastern Gulf region and the Carolinas—Continued.
Systematic descriptions—Continued. , Genus Exogyra Say—Continued.
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IDs Gai Nine) a ee pase eRe eee eae Hee ete Barina Bera certo aS ere te ieee eee ee Oe
NGM ATS He spe mee re ee seas eae ee Faee PAN p= ode TN oR ETENS Sye sears Le Shee see pe A iahe, He Biesapsreein aye
Geologicioceurrencetenesstcmas sos aise Se aoe ats eee RO Toros iat Sen aslee lei nayee
Moc alities see e ae eres see mo ae alan ye crave sete ade Sears cea ae lal seas PS One yere Sae aie sbhisitie.s ere mleme
LIB IRE COMM VRE; CHACHA EH WEE, WON oop cine cigs pop sea odausa senda ou aaaeacedesceasnoeaacesocce
DSS erip LO ee ee erence tote stein Sei a eae te eae eee oe he ee epee iz eres ee Sasicne
TE TIN AT Hig iin Sete eset tay ate ca te cetera aoe yeu eee Ser erent eee ee OTR OSS an ge rene es ey HEE Se orn
Geolopicioccurren cet s nas ==<aytos iss Sas Sesie e oe si sei ee aes Se ee ee Sees ee ne Sees
WO CATEIOS Sys tiae ese S nels ee eee a Tae ays Cee Ieee ep Nae y aooie tees
RABLES) 2stOno mhRanceot CretaceouswOssl | siete rey eye ees at ee eter 2 eee ee eee
NT Ot Ot OF OT OT OF OT ah R OWOH
Page
ILLUSTRATIONS.
Page. Prats I. A, Lower Cretaceous sands and clays overlain unconformably by Pleistocene terrace gravels, sands, and sandy loams, Coosada Bluff, Alabama River, 11 miles north of Montgomery, Ala.; B, Uncon- formable contact between Lower Cretaceous clay and basal sands of the Eutaw formation, cut in Seale Road, 4 miles southwest of Columbus, Ga., in Russell County, Ala--......----.------ 10 Il. A, Tuscaloosa formation, consisting of sands and clays with interbedded ferruginous layers, Huntsville road, 14 miles east of Cottondale, Tuscaloosa County, Ala.; B, Laminated sands and clays of the Eutaw formation, bluff at Z. Logan’s landing, Warrior River, Hale County, Ala., 8} miles (by the river) above the Alabama Great Southern Railroad bridge.............-.--.----.---------- 12 Ill. A, Typical beds of the Tombigbee sand member of the Eutaw formation, Plymouth Bluff, Tombigbee | River, Lowndes County, Miss.; B, Laminated sands and clays of Coffee sand member of the Eutaw formation, bluff just above Pittsburg Landing, Hardin County, Tenn..............-..--- 13 IV. A, Basal marine beds of the Eutaw formation, Broken Arrow Bend, Chattahoochee River, Alabama side, 104 miles (by the river) below Columbus, Ga.; B, Beds of the Tombigbee sand member of the Eutaw formation as developed in the Chattahoochee region, Banks Landing, Chattahooche River, 264 milesi(by the river) below;'\Columbus) Ga---< 222-25 <5 .2 22a. = nae ee 14 VY. A, Typical exposure of the Selma chalk, Jones Bluff, Tombigbee River, near Epes, Sumter County, Ala.; B, Selma chalk at its type locality, Alabama River, Selma, Ala............-....------..- 16 VI. A, Classic fossil locality of the Ripley formation, bluff on Owl Creek, 3 miles northeast of Ripley, Tippah County, Miss.; B, Beds of the McNairy sand member of the Ripley formation, cut of Southern Railway 14 miles west of Cypress, McNairy County, Tenn...........--.--.-.---.-.- 17 VII. A, Marine beds of the Ripley formation, Chattahoochee River, Eufaula, Ala.; B, Marine beds of the Ripley formation, cut of Louisville & Nashville Railroad 13 miles north of Fort Deposit, Lowndes County; -Alaes o2 22 oo jn sans come sae ne Stee eine tease nosis ace Aa ape ee eee 18 VIII. A, Cusseta sand member of the Ripley formation overlain by typical marine beds of the formation, cut of Seaboard Air Line Railway at Hichitee (Manta station), Chattahoochee County, Ga.; B, Beds of Providence sand member of the Ripley formation, gully near Eufaula-Lumpkin Road, 103 miles:northeastio£ Georgetown; Ga =~ = seine sie ea ee ne eee a sis) 2 eee 19 IX. Geologic map of Cretaceous deposits of the eastern Gulf region.........--..--.------------+---- In pocket. X. Diagram showing the lithologic variations and age relationships of the Cretaceous deposits of the east- ern Gulf region and their correlation with the Carolina and North Atlantic Cretaceous. ......-. , 20 XI. Specimens of Exogyra and other fossils weathered from Selma chalk: A, ‘‘ Bald Knob,’ 3 miles west of Corinth, Alcorn County, Miss.; B, One mile west of Cotton Gin Port, Monroe County, Miss. - 20 XII. Diagram showing the ranges in the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain of the species and varieties of xosyraidescnbed:intthisipapeten some ccc aaa a nic-e = ee ene eee = oe ee 44 XIII. Exogyra upatoiensis and Exogyra ponderosa Roemer.....-..---.---------------+--+-002-+---e ee eee ee 58 exaNVigeerogyra ponderosa Roemer sss ces. seas seer ee ee (s cine eo 2 aslo 2,5) 2 erate Oe EE eee ee EEE EEE 60 XV. Exogyra ponderosa Roemer and Exogyra ponderosa var. erraticostata var. nov ..--------------------- 62 XVI. Exogyra ponderosa var. erraticostata var. nov. and Exogyra costata Say ....--.--------------+--+---- 64 PeeVapEogyra costaia, Say: 325-2 ase. sence cece sere ese ea enic cals Se doce cine oe ee 66 GV Te Reroguraicostata) Say 5. <2 asa e naa oe ae eee ee Saas 5 ie ae hase ee ee eee 68 EER nerogyra.costata Say = 2-2 =<o<= 2m see node nin Sa ese Hci sei ne Sn pes OE eee eee ee eee 70 XX. Exogyra costata Say and Exogyra costata var. cancellata var. noV....--.----------------+-+--+---+---- 72 exOXG FE OgUrG | COStata WAN! CATICELLALA VAL: DO Vig sae eee ese eee eee eee eee eee eee ae 7: Fieure 1. Generalized section showing fossil zones and subzones in the eastern Gulf Upper Cretaceous deposits. - 23 2. Sketch map showing areas of paleontologic collections listed in Tables 1 to 8 ....--.-..----.-------- 24
6
PREFACE.
The investigations furnishing the materials for the two papers included in this volume have been carried on by the United States Geological Survey in cooperation with the State geological surveys of South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi, under the direction of T. Way- land Vaughan, of the United States Geological Survey.
The correlations with deposits in North Carolina are based on work carried on in that State by the writer from 1905 to 1909, under the auspices of the United States Geological Survey, in cooperation with the North Carolina Geological Survey, and under the immediate direction, during part of the time, of M. L. Fuller, of the United States Geological Survey, and during the remainder under that of Prof. William Bullock Clark, of Johns Hopkins University. Tn accordance with an agreement with the authorities of the Federal Survey the results of the North Carolina investigations were used in the preparation of a dissertation offered in fulfill- ment of one of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy at Johns Hopkins University.
Numerous exhaustive collections made, in 1889 and 1891 by T. W. Stanton, of the United States Geological Survey, from localities in the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain and additional smaller collections in the National Museum made by other investigators have been placed at the disposal of the writer. The fossils collected by Mr. Stanton in Mississippi were determined and listed by him shortly after his return from the field in 1889, and these lists with the accom- panying notes have also been placed at the disposal of the writer. For the assistance thus rendered and for many valuable suggestions and criticisms especial thanks are due to Mr. Stanton.
The names of the echinoderm species included in the lists have been furnished by Prof. William Bullock Clark, to whom the specimens were sent for identification. Some of the fish remains mentioned in the text have been identified by Mr. J. W. Gidley, of the National Museum, and all the reptilian remains have been identified by Mr. C. W. Gilmore, also of the National Museum. Indebtedness is acknowledged to these gentlemen for their cooperation.
During the progress of the investigations the writer has been associated both in the field and in numerous conferences with Mr. E. W. Berry, of Johns Hopkins University, who has been engaged in a study of the fossil plant remains from the Cretaceous beds. Indebtedness is acknowledged to Mr. Berry for numerous annotated lists of plant species and for the many benefits resulting from close association with an investigator of his ability.
The writer has also been associated in the field and in conference with Dr. Eugene A. Smith, State geologist of Alabama, and with Mr. Earle Sloan, State geologist of South Carolina, who have spared neither time nor effort in assisting in the solution of stratigraphic problems in their respective States. He has also been associated with Mr. Otto Veatch, assistant State geologist of the Georgia Geological Survey, to whom thanks are due for much valuable assistance and also for field notes placed at the writer’s disposal.
The publications of many authors have also been freely drawn upon for information and for field guidance. :
In comparing the Cretaceous faunas of the South with those of New Jersey the writer has relied for his statements as to the range of New Jersey species on the excellent monograph by Stuart Weller, published in 1907 by the Geological Survey of New Jersey, entitled ‘‘A report on the Cretaceous paleontology of New Jersey.”
As the investigations progressed the value of the representatives of the genus Exogyra in establishing the major faunal divisions into which the marme Upper Cretaceous deposits of the eastern Gulf region are divisible, and in correlating these divisions with Upper Cretaceous deposits elsewhere in the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain, became more and more apparent. It has seemed appropriate, therefore, to describe the species and varieties of the genus and to note their distribution and range.
i
CRETACEOUS DEPOSITS OF THE EASTERN GULF REGION.
By Lioyp WILLIAM STEPHENSON.
OBJECT AND SCOPE OF THE WORK.
This paper is intended as a brief statement of the results of stratigraphic and paleon- tologic investigations made by the writer during recent years in the Cretaceous areas of the eastern Gulf region. The principal objects in view were to determine the lithologic units worthy of recognition as formations or as members, the lithologic and paleontologic characters of these units, and their stratigraphic and age relations. Although the results of the work have not been in all respects as satisfactory as might have been desired, yet it is believed that the purposes outlined have in large measure been accomplished.
The major lithologic divisions present in the region have all been recognized more or less clearly by previous investigators, and no sweeping changes in the generally accepted nomencla- ture of the deposits have been found necessary. But one new name (McNairy sand member of the Ripley formation) is proposed and this is given the rank of member; two old forma- tional names which have, during recent years, fallen into disuse, have recently been revived by the writer’ with the rank of members; and certain basal Cretaceous deposits in eastern Alabama and in Georgia, previously regarded as the eastward continuation of the Tuscaloosa formation, are shown with reasonable certainty to be of ower Cretaceous age and therefore probably separated from the Tuscaloosa formation by an unconformity. However, more definite knowledge has been gained of the character and the geologic and geographic boundaries of the several units recognized.
The chief additions to the knowledge of the region have been those furnished by a critical study of the organic remains entombed in the deposits; for by this means much light has been thrown on the age relations of the several lithologic units. On pages 23-40 it is shown that the usual methods of mapping formational units fail properly to express true age relations when applied to the deposits of this region, and that to show these relations it is necessary to employ additional superimposed symbols. In places (see Pl. IX, in pocket) the boundaries of litho- logic units run obliquely to the general direction of the strike of the strata composing the Upper Cretaceous formations of the region with absolute disregard to the boundaries of paleontologic zones and subzones. Although records of such phenomena are not uncommon in the litera- ture, the relative abruptness with which some of the lithologic units here treated merge hori- zontally into others of different character furnishes unusually striking examples of this sort of formational relationship.
The deposits considered are in part of Lower Cretaceous and in part of Upper Cretaceous age. heir area of surface occurrence embraces a belt of country extending from southern Illinois, where it is only a few miles wide, southward with gradually increasing width through Kentucky and Tennessee to Mississippi and western Alabama, where it reaches a maximum width of 80 miles; thence sweeping around to the east ina broad curve through Alabama, and with gradually decreasing width extending northeastward into Georgia. The lower repre- sentatives of the series continue northeastward in a narrow belt of surface outcrops through Georgia and South Carolina, eventually connecting with similar deposits in North Carolina; the higher representatives also extend northeastward in Georgia, but they pass beneath over-
1 Stephenson, L. W., Cretaceous [Georgia]: Bull. Georgia Geol. Survey No. 26, 1911, Pl. V, pp. 111-112.
10 CRETACEOUS DEPOSITS OF THE EASTERN GULF REGION,
lapping Eocene beds and do not reappear at the surface until they reach the valley of Peedee River in eastern South Carolina, in which region, and also to the northeastward in North Carolina, exposures are common along the streams.
PAST AND PRESENT INTERPRETATIONS. LOWER CRETACEOUS.
The basal portion of the rocks of the Coastal Plain in the region included between the Alabama Valley in Alabama and the Roanoke Valley in North Carolina is composed of highly cross- bedded arkosic sands, in general of coarse texture, with subordinate interbedded layers and lenses of light-colored clays of greater or lesser purity, reaching an estimated maximum thickness of 500 to 600 feet. These have been regarded as the eastward continuation of the Tuscaloosa formation by the Alabama and Georgia geologists! They have been designated the ‘‘Ham- burg beds”? by Sloan? in South Carolina and the ‘‘Cape Fear” formation by the writer ? in North Carolina. These beds are separated by unconformities from the overlying Black Creek formation in the Carolinas and from the overlying Eutaw formation in the Chattahoochee and Alabama river regions in Georgia and Alabama. (See Pl. I, B.)
In 1906 the exposures of these beds on Chattahoochee River below Columbus, Ga., were examined by the writer, and durmg subsequent years numerous localities in Alabama and Georgia were visited by him. Various considerations, based on physical evidence, led him to conclude that the terrane is older than the Tuscaloosa formation, that it probably corresponds to the ‘‘Hamburg beds” of South Carolina and to the “‘Cape Fear”’ formation of North Caro- lina, and that it is probably of Lower Cretaceous age. E. W. Berry, who later visited a num- ber of the localities in company with the writer, concurred in these views.
The first and strongest argument in favor of this interpretation was the existence of a distinet unconformity separating these beds from the overlying Eutaw formation. This was noted unmistakably at McBride Ford on Upatoi Creek, Chattahoochee County, Ga.; at the Lumpkin road bridge over Upatoi Creek a few miles above its mouth; on Chattahoochee River just below the mouth of Upatoi Creek and at Broken Arrow Bend, 9 miles below Columbus, Ga. ; on the Seale road 4 miles southwest of Columbus in Russell County, Ala. (PL. I, B); and on Ala- bama River 5 miles above Montgomery, Ala. The unconformity was also questionably noted at several places intermediate between those named. No such unconformity is known to exist between the true Tuscaloosa formation and the overlying Eutaw formation in central or western Alabama or in Mississippi.
The beds differ from the true Tuscaloosa deposits in the following respects: The sands contain a large percentage of white kaolin grains, which render them arkosic; the layers and lenses of clay are massive, being thus in contrast with the laminated beds so common in the Tuscaloosa (Pl. I, A); and the beds lack identifiable fossil plant remains except at one locality. On the other hand, in all these characters they strongly resemble the ‘‘Hamburg beds” of South Carolina and the ‘‘Cape Fear beds”’ of North Carolina, and it was this fact, together with their apparent continuity with the deposits of the Carolinas, that led to the belief that they are synchronous with those deposits.
The ‘‘Cape Fear’’ formation is separated geographically from the Cretaceous deposits to the north in Virginia by an overlap of Miocene beds. However, in all their physical characters the ‘“‘Cape Fear’’ materials bear a close resemblance to the Patuxent formation, which forms the basal division of the Potomac group in Virginia and Maryland. On account of this physical similarity and because of their supposed buried connection with the Virginia Patuxent, the application of the name Patuxent has been extended to include these arkosic beds‘ in North
1 Langdon, D. W., Variations in Cretaceous and Tertiary strata of Alabama: Bull. Geol. Soc. America, vol. 2, 1890, pp. 587-606. Veatch, Otto, Second report on the clays of Georgia: Bull. Georgia Geol. Survey No. 18, 1909, pp. 82-106.
2 Sloan, Earle, Clays of South Carolina: Bull. South Carolina Geol. Survey, 4th ser., No. 1, 1904, pp. 72-75; Handbook of South Carolina, State Dept. Agr., Com., and Imm., 1907, pp. 85-88.
* Stephenson, L. W., Some facts relating to the Mesozoic deposits of the Coastal Plain of North Carolina: Johns Hopkins Uniy. Circ., new ser., No. 7, July, 1907, pp. 93-99.
‘Stephenson, L. W., The Cretaceous formations [North Carolina]: North Carolina Geol. and Econ. Survey, vol. 3, 1912, pp. 83-111.
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 81 PLATE]
A. LOWER CRETACEOUS SANDS AND CLAYS OVERLAIN UNCONFORMABLY BY PLEISTOCENE TERRACE GRAVELS, SANDS, AND SANDY LOAMS, COOSADA BLUFF, ALABAMA RIVER, 11 MILES NORTH OF MONTGON- ERY, ALA.
B. UNCONFORMABLE CONTACT BETWEEN LOWER CRETACEOUS CLAY AND BASAL SANDS OF THE EUTAW FORMATION, CUT IN SEALE ROAD, 4 MILES SOUTHWEST OF COLUMBUS, GA., IN RUSSELL COUNTY, ALA.
PAST AND PRESENT INTERPRETATIONS. qak
Carolina. In the absence of evidence to the contrary it would seem proper to extend the application of the name still farther south to include the apparently continuous deposits in South Carolina, Georgia, and Alabama.
Until recently no organic remains had been found in the beds under discussion south of the Virginia line, but in the fall of 1910 the writer discovered a few poorly preserved plant remains in beds exposed in a bluff on Tallapoosa River at Old Fort Decatur, in Macon County, Ala. These have been submitted to E. W. Berry, who expresses the opinion that the beds con- taining them are of Lower Cretaceous age. One poorly preserved cast of a Unio was found associated with the plant remains. ;
The previous conclusions regarding the age of the beds below the Eutaw formation seem thus to be confirmed by the elisornirelloiste evidence. Unfortunately the poorly preserved con- dition of the leaves renders it difficult to determine satisfactorily the relation of the formation to the Patuxent formation of Virginia and Maryland. However, in Berry’s opinion, the presence of large numbers of leaves, apparently dicotyledons, most of which are too poorly preserved to permit specific or even generic determination, seems to justify doubt as to their being as old as the Patuxent, in which similar questionably identified dicotyledons are very sparingly represented.
The following statement concerning the fossil remains of the Patuxent formation is quoted from a paper by Clark and Bibbins:+
The flora of the Patuxent formation includes Equiseta, ferns, cycads, conifers, monocotyledons, and a very few archaic dicotyledons, the coniferous and cycadean element being particularly strong. The known fauna of the Patuxent formation is limited to a single Unio (Ward) and a fish (Fontaine).
Should future discoveries confirm the doubt expressed by Berry as to the Patuxent age of the Lower Cretaceous beds of Alabama and Georgia, and should it be found that the Alabama- Georgia Lower Cretaceous deposits are synchronous with the ‘‘Cape Fear” formation, it would at once become apparent that the name Patuxent was not appropriate for Lower Cretaceous deposits anywhere south of Virginia.
Although the ‘‘Cape Fear beds”’ appear to be contmuous with the Lower Cretaceous arkosic beds of South Carolina, Georgia, and Alabama, it is possible that they are not actually con- tinuous; for the irregular character of the bedding, the presence of numerous local unconformi- ties within the beds, and the lack of extensive exposures render the detection of an important unconformity difficult—and such an unconformity may exist.
A hypothesis which was suggested to the writer by T. W. Vaughan and which is worthy of consideration is that the arkosic beds extending from Maryland southward to Alabama were laid down along a coast margin which was being gradually and continuously depressed from the north to the south. In this case the deposits might actually be continuous and yet contain fossil plants at the south end of the belt of outcrop younger than those at the north end.
UPPER CRETACEOUS. EARLY CORRELATIONS.
Morton’s correlation.—The presence in the eastern Gulf region of the so-called ‘‘Ferruginous
sand formation”’ was first noted by Morton? in 1829, the beds thus designated being correlated with the ‘‘Ferruginous sand formation’? of New Jersey and with the Chalk of Europe, espe- cially with the Ferruginous sand of the English geologists and with the Lower Chalk of the French geologists. The term Cretaceous, which later supplanted the terms ‘‘Chalk’’ and ‘“‘Ferruginous sand,” was first applied to the American deposits by Morton’ in 1833.
1 Clark, W. B., and Bibbins, Arthur, Geology of the Potomac group in the middle Atlantic slope: Bull. Geol. Soc. America, vol. 13, 1902, p. 192.
2 Morton, S. G., Description of two new species of fossil shells of the genera Scaphites and Crepidula, with some observations on the ferruginous sand, plastic clay, and upper marine formations of the United States: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 6, 1892, pp. 107-129 (especially p. 127).
3 Morton, S. G., Synopsis of the organic remains of the Ferruginous sand formation of the United States: Am. Jour. Sci., Ist ser., vol. 24, 1833, pp. 128-132.
12 CRETACEOUS DEPOSITS OF THE EASTERN GULF REGION.
Tuomey’s classification.—In 1850 Tuomey? described and mapped the Cretaceous deposits of Alabama. Two divisions, the Lower and Upper Cretaceous, were recognized. The former corresponded roughly to the Eutaw formation of the present report, and the latter included the Selma chalk and Ripley formation and, erroneously, a portion of the overlying Eocene strata. That part of the Cretaceous now included in the Tuscaloosa formation was erroneously referred to the Tertiary.
Winchell’s classification —In 1857 Winchell? subdivided the Cretaceous of Alabama in descending order as follows: Prairie Bluff limestone; white sand; Rotten limestone; concrete sand; loose sand; sand and clay.
The ‘“‘sand and clay,” the ‘“‘loose sand,” and the ‘‘concrete sand” form parts of the Eutaw formation of this report; the ‘“‘Rotten limestone” is synonymous with the Selma chalk; the “white sand” includes the glauconitic sands forming the basal portion of Prairie Bluff on Alabama River, Wilcox County, Ala.; the ‘‘Prairie Bluff limestone”’ includes the few feet of chalk rock forming the uppermost beds of the Cretaceous at Prairie Bluff. This corresponds to the long, narrow tongue of Selma chalk extending through Marengo and Wilcox counties above a westward-extending tongue of the Ripley formation. (See Pl. IX, in pocket.)
Hilgard’s classification —The first classification of the deposits of the eastern Gulf Coastal Plain, in which the whole series of Upper Cretaceous beds was definitely assigned to that epoch, was that of Hilgard,? State geologist of Mississippi. He differentiated four major divisions in the Cretaceous deposits of that State, in descending order, as follows: Rivley group, Rotten limestone group, Tombigbee sand group, and Eutaw group.
Smith and Johnson’s classification—In 1887, Eugene A. Smith, State geologist of Alabama, and Lawrence C. Johnson‘ published a classification of the Cretaceous deposits of Alabama, the divisions recognized being as follows: Ripley formation, Rotten limestone, Eutaw formation, and Tuscaloosa formation.
TUSCALOOSA AND EUTAW FORMATIONS.
East-central MississippimAccording to Hilgard the Eutaw rests upon Carboniferous rocks and includes all the Cretaceous deposits below the Tombigbee sand. He says that it consists of ‘‘bluish black or reddish laminated clays, often lignitic, alternating with and usually overlain by noneffervescent sands, mostly (though not always) poor in mica and of a gray or yellow tint. Contains beds of lignite, very rarely other fossils.’’ ®
He adds: ‘“‘I adopt this name (Eutaw group) in view of these beds having been first exam- ined in detail and recognized as being of Cretaceous age by Tuomey,® near Eutaw, Ala., where they are characteristically developed.”
The Tombigbee sand, as described by Hilgard, consists of—
A fine-grained micaceous sand, more or less calcareous, usually of a greenish tint but not infrequently gray, bluish black, yellowish, and sometimes even orange-red. Clays and noncalcareous (as also at times nonmicaceous) sands are also found, although generally they are only subordinate to the characteristic greenish sand, which is the exclusive material in the southerly region of development, in South Monroe and Lowndes.
The type region of the Tombigbee sand is in the vicinity of Columbus, in Lowndes County, Miss., where it is mapped as a belt 15 or 18 miles wide. The type exposures occur in bluffs of Tombigbee River in this county. (See Pl. III, A.) North of Lowndes County the Tombigbee belt is represented as narrowing to a strip 2 to 4 miles wide, with a corresponding widening of the Eutaw area. By thus narrowing the Tombigbee belt what Hilgard actually did was to run his Eutaw-Tombigbee boundary line obliquely across the strike of the beds; north of this line he represents strata as belonging to the Eutaw which correspond in age and stratigraphic
1 Tuomey, M., First biennial report on the geology of Alabama, 1850, pp. 116-142.
2 Winchell, Alexander, Notes on the geology of middle and southern Alabama: Proc. Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci., vol. 10, pt. 2, 1857, pp. 90-93.
3 Hilgard, E. W., Report on the geology and agriculture of the State of Mississippi, 1860, pp. 60-95.
‘4 Tertiary and Cretaceous strata of the Tuscaloosa, Tombigbee, and Alabama rivers: Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 43, 1887, pp. 71-138.
’ Hilgard, E. W., op. cit., p. 61.
6 Tuomey’s account of the beds near Eutaw to which reference is made is recorded in the First biennial report on the geology of Alabama, 1850, pp. 118-120. Tuomey recognized the Cretaceous age of these beds but did not propose a formational name for them.
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 81 PLATE II
A. TUSCALOOSA FORMATION, CONSISTING OF SANDS AND CLAYS WITH INTERBEDDED FERRUGINOUS LAYERS, HUNTSVILLE ROAD, 1?2 MILES EAST OF COTTONDALE, TUSCALOOSA COUNTY, ALA.
B. LAMINATED SANDS AND CLAYS OF THE EUTAW FORMATION, BLUFF AT Z. LOGAN’S LANDING, WARRIOR RIVER, HALE COUNTY, ALA., 814 MILES (BY THE RIVER) ABOVE THE ALABAMA GREAT SOUTHERN RAILROAD BRIDGE.
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 81 PLATE III
A. TYPICAL BEDS OF THE TOMBIGBEE SAND MEMBER OF THE EUTAW FORMATION, PLYMOUTH BLUFF, TOMBIGBEE RIVER, LOWNDES COUNTY, MISS.
B. LAMINATED SANDS AND CLAYS OF COFFEE SAND MEMBER OF THE EUTAW FORMATION, BLUFF JUST ABOVE PITTSBURG LANDING, HAR- DIN COUNTY, TENN.
PAST AND PRESENT INTERPRETATIONS. 13
position to the lower two-thirds or three-fourths of the Tombigbee as mapped south of the line; indeed the sections given as typical of the Eutaw le within these northward Tombigbee representatives.
Western Alabama.—The Eutaw group of Hilgard in Mississippi represents all of the Tuscaloosa formation and a part of the Eutaw formation as subsequently defined by Smith and Johnson in Alabama. They described the Tuscaloosa formation as consisting of at least 1,000 feet of ‘‘purple and mottled clays interstratified with white, yellowish-white, pink, and light purple micaceous sands, and near the base of the formation dark-gray, nearly black, thinly laminated clays with sand partings.”’
The Eutaw formation is described as least 300 feet in thickness.”’
If only those parts of the area in Mississippi immediately west of the Alabama line, mapped by Hilgard respectively as Eutaw and Tombigbee, are considered, his Eutaw corresponds almost exactly to the Tuscaloosa formation of Smith and Johnson, and the Eutaw of those authors corresponds to the Tombigbee sand of Hilgard. However, the sections of the Eutaw described by Hilgard, all of which are north of Columbus in Mississippi, do not correspond to the Tuscaloosa formation, but, as previously stated, represent a part of the northward exten- sion of the Tombigbee as mapped, and hence actually correspond in stratigraphic position to a part of the Eutaw of Smith and Johnson.
The essential differences between the Tuscaloosa and Eutaw of Smith and Johnson may perhaps best be stated as follows: The Tuscaloosa consists of a succession of sands, clays, and gravels of probable estuarine and shallow-water origin, characterized by irregularity of bedding, and, where the conditions for their preservation were favorable, by the presence of fossil leaves (Pl. II, A); the Eutaw consists predominantly of glauconitic sands of marine origin, which in approximately the lower two-thirds or three-fourths of their thickness contain subordinate _ lenses of dark clay and exhibit lamination and fine cross-bedding (Pl. II, B), and in the upper one-third or one-fourth are made up of massive beds of glauconitic sand, with calcareous sand beds in the extreme upper part (Pl. ITI, A). So far as known no structural break exists between the Tuscaloosa and Eutaw formations, sedimentation apparently having been continuous from the one to the other. Nor has it been possible to recognize any sharp lithologic line of separation between them, the change from the one kind of sedimentation to the other having been transitional.
The Mississippi representatives of the Eutaw formation of Smith and Johnson include, as previously stated, all of the Tombigbee sand and a part of the Eutaw group of Hilgard. Although the width of the Tombigbee belt as mapped by Hilgard immediately west of the Alabama line is 15 to 18 miles, corresponding to a thickness of 400 or 500 feet, the actual sections given by him in this part of the area are all near the western border of the belt and probably include only about the upper 150 or 200 feet of the strata mapped. Farther north in Mississippi beds which correspond in stratigraphic position to the lower two-thirds or three-fourths of the Tombigbee as mapped in Lowndes County are included by Hilgard in his Eutaw group, and among these are the sections which he indicated as typical of this division in Mississippi. These beds correspond in age and position to a part of the Eutaw of Smith and Johnson, although in the intervening area in Lowndes County beds of the same age were mapped as Tombigbee. This confusion was due apparently to the fact that Hilgard failed to find in Lowndes County any of the beds of dark clay corresponding in position to those farther north, on the basis of which he seems to have differentiated his Eutaw group. These clays are of a resistant character, and where they occur in stream bluffs form rather conspicuous exposures; but when the division as a whole is considered they constitute only subordinate lenses of clay in deposits made up in the main of glauconitic sands. Such clay beds, however, occur in Lowndes County, being exposed in the banks of Floating Turtle Creek a short distance east of Columbus.
Readjustment of the nomenclature—From the facts brought out in the above discussion it is apparent that a readjustment of the nomenclature as applied by Hilgard to the beds subjacent to the Selma chalk in Mississippi is necessary. The classification of the corresponding deposits
‘‘a series of laminated sands and sandy clays at
14 CRETACEOUS DEPOSITS OF THE EASTERN GULF REGION.
in Alabama by Smith and Johnson is based on essential physical differences, namely, those depending on origin. In Mississippi these differences were not recognized. It would appear, therefore, that the Alabama nomenclature is the more logical.
Tn the opinion of the writer, the name Tuscaloosa, which stands for the lower irregularly bedded portion of the series, or for that portion which originated in shallow water, should be extended to include the corresponding deposits in Mississippi. :
The name Eutaw, which in Alabama stands for the upper or truly marine portion of the series, can appropriately be extended to include the corresponding beds in Mississippi, although this will mean the expansion of the term (as Hilgard used it) to include the Tombigbee sand above and its contraction to exclude the Mississippi representatives of the Tuscaloosa formation below.
The name Tombigbee sand, however, if applied to the actual type sections of the division given by Hilgard and to their equivalents, is expressive of a natural phase or subdivision of the Eutaw formation and is eminently worthy of preservation in the literature. If Hilgard’s imper- fect mapping is disregarded the sections of the Tombigbee sand given by him are all included within a thickness of strata which probably does not exceed 150 or 200 feet. Thus limited, the division includes the uppermost massive, glauconitic, more or less calcareous and phosphatic beds of the Eutaw formation, as distinguished from the more irregularly bedded and more argillaceous portion of the formation beneath it. These upper, massive beds are traceable for many miles northward from Lowndes County, in Mississippi, and with certain modifications they extend eastward entirely across Alabama into Georgia. They were recognized by Smith and Johnson and were spoken of by them as the ‘‘upper member of the Eutaw formation.” This member, however, can not be sharply differentiated from the remainder or lower part of the formation, for massive lenses of glauconitic sand of greater or lesser extent occur in places at lower levels than the Tombigbee member proper and in small exposures are not distinguishable from that member.
The names Tuscaloosa and Eutaw were applied in Mississippi by Crider ' in 1906 in approx- imately the sense here proposed, but he did not give his reasons for discarding the classification of Hilgard in favor of that of Smith and Johnson.
Extent of the Tuscaloosa formation—Beds representing the Tuscaloosa formation extend north from western Alabama in a wide belt, which includes the northwestern part of Alabama and a relatively narrow strip in the adjoining northeastern part of Mississippi. The formation as a whole, however, becomes rapidly thinner to the north and disappears in the vicinity of the Tennessee State line. It is doubtful if in the region of their outcrop the Mississippi representa- tives of the formation exceed a thickness of 400 feet. Hilgard did not differentiate these lower beds of shallow-water origin from the higher beds of truly marine origin but included them in his Eutaw formation, as shown by the map accompanying his report. The Tuscaloosa forma- tion also extends from western Alabama eastward nearly to Alabama River, where the terrane is believed to pinch out rather abruptly between the unconformably subjacent Lower Creta- ceous beds and the overlying Eutaw formation.
Extent of the Eutaw formation.—The Eutaw formation, as defined by Smith and Johnson, including the Tombigbee sand, extends northward through Mississippi without much change in stratigraphic boundaries, as far as northern Itawamba County. Here the upper boundary shifts abruptly to a much higher level, for in this region the basal part of the Selma chalk merges northward into massive marine sands indistinguishable in lithologic character from the typical Tombigbee sand. A tongue of impure, argillaceous, and sandy chalk, however, extends north- ward into the body of the Tombigbee member in eastern Lee County. (See Pl. IX, in pocket.) Still farther north in eastern Alcorn and western Tishomingo counties these massive beds merge horizontally into glauconitic marine strata characterized by irregular bedding and by thin laminz and thinly laminated layers of dark clay. These extend northward as a narrow belt for a distance of 80 or 90 miles into Tennessee. This is the Coffee sand of Safford.”
1 Crider, A. F., Geology and mineral resources of Mississippi: Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 283, 1906, pp. 12-16. 2 Safford, J. M., On the Cretaceous and superior formations of west Tennessee: Am. Jour. Sci., 2d ser., vol. 37, 1864, pp. 360-372; Geology of Tennessee, 1869, pp. 411-414.
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 81 PLATE IV
A. BASAL MARINE BEDS OF THE EUTAW FORMATION, BROKEN ARROW BEND, CHATTAHOOCHEE RIVER, ALABAMA SIDE, 10} MILES (BY THE RIVER) BELOW COLUMBUS, GA.
B. BEDS OF THE TOMBIGBEE SAND MEMBER OF THE EUTAW FORMATION AS DEVELOPED IN THE CHATTAHOOCHEE REGION, BANKS LANDING, CHATTAHOOCHEE RIVER, 261s MILES (BY THE RIVER) BELOW COLUMBUS, GA.
PAST AND PRESENT INTERPRETATIONS. 15
Lithologically the Coffee sand of Tennessee is strikingly similar to the part of the Eutaw formation below the Tombigbee sand member, with which it was correlated by Safford. This portion of the Hutaw (see Pls. IX, in pocket, and X, p. 20) is separated from the basal beds of the Eutaw by the intervening Tombigbee sand member. It seems appropriate, therefore, to give to these beds a separate designation, and for this reason Safford’s term Coffee sand is here revived. The type exposure is in a bluff of Tennessee River just above Coffee Landing, Hardin County, Tenn. Plate III, B, shows a typical exposure of the Coffee sand member near Pittsburg Landing, on Tennessee River.
From western Alabama the Eutaw formation, including the Tombigbee sand member, extends eastward entirely across the State of Alabama into Georgia. In this direction the formation is underlain conformably by the Tuscaloosa formation to a line within a short dis- tance west of Alabama River, where the Tuscaloosa pinches out rather abruptly between Lower Cretaceous beds which make their appearance equally abruptly, and the overlying Eutaw formation. From this place to its extreme eastern limit in Georgia the Eutaw is under- lain unconformably by Lower Cretaceous strata. (See Pls. I, B, p. 10, and IV, A.)
In the Chattahoochee region the Eutaw formation includes the Eutaw group ef Langdon! and about 120 feet of the overlying beds which that author included in his Ripley group but which, on paleontologic grounds, are here correlated with the Tombigbee sand member of the Eutaw formation. The Blufftown marl of Veatch? included these Tombigbee representatives and a part of the overlying Ripley formation. A typical exposure of the Tombigbee sand as developed on Chattahoochee River is shown in Plate IV, B.
SELMA CHALK.
Name.—The term “‘ Rotten limestone,” as previously explained, was introduced by Alexander Winchell’ in 1857 for the terrane now known as the Selma chalk. This descriptive name was the commonly accepted designation of this great body of chalk rock until the year 1894, when Smith, Langdon, and Johnson‘ proposed the geographic term Selma chalk, as a coname with “Rotten limestone,’”’ and since then the geographic term has been the accepted designation.
Extent—In western Alabama and east-central Mississippi the Selma chalk makes up all the Upper Cretaceous strata above the Tombigbee sand member of the Eutaw formation. The terrane rests conformably upon the Tombigbee sand and from the eastern part of Marengo County, Ala., to the northern part of Noxubee County, Miss., is overlain unconformably by Eocene strata carrying characteristic fossils.
Character.—The Selma chalk is described by Smith, Langdon, and Johnson® as follows:
The rock is of comparatively uniform composition, being a gray to bluish-colored argillaceous limestone, traversed at intervals by beds of purer limestone, which is at the same time a little harder in texture. In some places the material is a dark-bluish clay marl. * * *
Mr. K. M. Cunningham, of Mobile, a well-known microscopist, undertook for me the investigation of the char- acteristic rocks of this formation, and the results of his examination of specimens collected from various points from Montgomery westward are given in the accompanying article by him. The statement has often been made that the true chalk is absent from the Cretaceous formations of North America, but we have here evidence that it is present in no inconsiderable proportions in Alabama, and Hill has recently shown that it occurs in Arkansas and in Texas, and we may reasonably infer that other States will yield upon closer examination very similar material.
In western Alabama the Selma chalk has a thickness of nearly 1,000 feet. The basal Eocene strata which in this region overlie the Selma chalk were formerly correlated with the Ripley formation. The error was corrected in part by Harris® in 1896, in part by Smith’ in 1910, and in part by the writer. Typical exposures of the Selma chalk are shown in Plate V, 4 and B.
1 Langdon, D. W., jr., Variations in the Cretaceous and Tertiary strata of Alabama: Bull. Geol. Soc. America, vol. 2, 1890, pp. 587-606.
2 Veatch, Otto, Second report on the clay deposits of Georgia: Bull. Geol. Survey Georgia No. 18, 1909, pp. 82-106.
3 Winchell, Alexander, Statistics of some artesian wells of Alabama: Proc. Am. Assoc. Ady. Sci., vol. 10, pt. 2, 1857, p. 91.
4 Smith, E. A., Langdon, D. W., jr., and Johnson, L. C., On the geology of the Coastal Plain of Alabama, Geol. Survey Alabama, 1894, p. 255.
5 Idem, pp. 276, 285.
6 Harris, G. D., The Midway stage: Bull. Am. Paleontology, vol. 1, No. 4, 1896, pp. 25-36 (139-150).
7 Smith, E. A., Cretaceous-Eocene contact, Tombigbee River, Ala.: Jour. Geology, vol. 18, No. 5, 1910, pp. 430-434.
8 Stephenson, L. W., unpublished notes on sections at Bridgeport and Old Canton landings, Alabama River, in Wilcox County, and at Liy- ingston, in Sumter County.
16 CRETACEOUS DEPOSITS OF THE EASTERN GULF REGION.
Lithologic subdivisions—In 1903 Smith! divided the Selma chalk in Alabama into three parts on the basis of the relative content of lime and clay. The lower portion, which he esti- mates to include approximately one-third of the total thickness of the formation, contains 25 per cent or more of clayey impurities; this he called the Selma division. (See Pl. V, B.) The middle portion, estimated to embrace one-third of the total thickness, contains less than 25 per cent of clayey impurities; this he called the Demopolis division. (See Pl. V, A.) The upper portion, embracing the remainder of the formation, contains 25 per cent or more of clayey impurities; this he called the Portland division.
The purer phase of the chalk, Smith’s Demopolis division, is traceable from western Ala- bama eastward in Alabama and northwestward and northward in Mississippi, but in each direction it becomes gradually thinner and less pure and eventually grades into impure sandy and argillaceous phases of the chalk rock. The impurities mentioned by Smith as distmguishing the lower and upper divisions of the chalk are not all of a clayey character, for important per- centages of sandy impurities are known to be present in considerable thicknesses of the strata, especially in the upper division in western Alabama and east-central Mississippl.
Eastward in Alabama and northward in Mississippi the Selma chalk merges along the strike of the beds into nonchalky equivalents. This relation, as regards eastern Alabama, was formerly recognized as probable by the Alabama geologists (as shown by the quotations given below), but the vertical ranges of the fossils were not at the time sufficiently well known to permit a positive statement.
It will be seen that the main variation from the western Alabama type consists in thev ery great increase in the area occupied by the strata of the Ripley type in the eastern part of the State. Whether this results in part from an increase in the thickness of the strata themselves or from undulations in them may not perhaps be definitely asserted, but, taken in connection with the apparent absence of all the strata that can be referred to the Rotten limestone, it seems most probable that there is actually much greater thickness of the rocks of the Ripley type along the Chatta- hoochee and its vicinity than farther west, and that the Rotten limestone is replaced or represented-by strata of the physical aspect of the Ripley. The paleontology of these two divisions of the Cretaceous has not been very well worked out, so that the shells give us comparatively little help in the matter, especially when we consider the fact that in the Rotten limestone, although it has a very large number of shells in its strata, these shells are of very few kinds and mostly of those kinds that are common in the Ripley strata also.?
East of the drainage of the Alabama River the Rotten limestone, such as occurs in Marengo, Perry, Dallas, Lowndes, and Montgomery counties, is not represented. The exact eastern limit of this group has not as yet been determined, but evidences of its decreasing thickness are seen in the narrow outcrop in the neighborhood of Pike road, Mont- gomery County, where its north and south extent is only 5 miles as contrasted with 30 miles in Dallas County. Further than this decrease in thickness our present information does not warrant us in saying anything. As has been stated before, no rocks bearing any lithologic resemblance to the Rotten limestone have been seen on the Chattahoochee River, whether or not this group is represented by strata of different composition from the typical aluminous limestone we are not in position to say, since no critical examination of the fossils of the several divisions of the Cretaceous has yet been undertaken. It fs much to be regretted that the divisions have been of necessity made on such arbitrary grounds as mere lithologic differences, since marked variations can be noted in almost any stratum of any of the groups, and experience in both the Tertiary and Cretaceous of Alabama has proved the risk of creating groups on any but combined physical and faunal differences.*
Deposition—When the formation of the Selma chalk began, the conditions favorable to this sort of deposition existed throughout an offshore area extending from western Russell County, Ala., to Itawamba County, Miss., a distance of approximately 300 miles. As Upper Cretaceous time progressed the area in which chalk was being laid down underwent certain marked expansions and contractions due to fluctuating conditions of sedimentation. In Mississippi conditions unfavorable to the deposition of chalk at first spread gradually south- westward from Itawamba County for 15 or 20 miles, producing the tongue of Tombigbee sand which extends from the north to the south through Lee County. (See Pl. IX, in pocket.) This was followed by a rapid northward extension of conditions favorable to the deposition of impure chalk, thus producing a long tongue of Selma chalk reaching as far as Hardin County, Tenn. Then succeeded a more gradual spreading of unfavorable conditions southward through
‘Smith, E. A., The Portland cement materials of central and southern Alabama: S. Doc. No. 19, 58th Cong., Ist sess., 1903, pp. 12-23, map. 2 Smith, E. A., Langdon, D. W., jr.,and Johnson, L. C., On the geology of the Coastal Plain of Alabama, Geol. Survey Alabama, 1894, pp. 275, 276.
3 Idem, pp. 430, 431.
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 81 PLATE V
A. TYPICAL EXPOSURE OF THE SELMA CHALK, JONES BLUFF, TOMBIGBEE RIVER, NEAR EPES, SUMTER COUNTY, ALA.
B. SELMA CHALK AT ITS TYPE LOCALITY, ALABAMA RIVER, SELMA, ALA.
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 81 PLATE VI
A. CLASSIC FOSSIL LOCALITY OF THE RIPLEY FORMATION, BLUFF ON OWL CREEK, 3 MILES NORTHEAST OF RIPLEY, TIPPAH COUNTY, MISS.
B. BEDS OF THE McNAIRY SAND MEMBER OF THE RIPLEY FORMATION, CUT OF SOUTHERN RAILWAY 1% MILES WEST OF CYPRESS, McNAIRY COUNTY, TENN.
PAST AND PRESENT INTERPRETATIONS. 17
Mississippi to the northern part of Noxubee County; this resulted in the production in Ten- nessee and Mississippi of the nonchalky Ripley formation above the Selma chalk. Finally there was another expansion of favorable conditions northward to a short distance north of Houston in Chickasaw County, forming the long narrow strip of chalk rock which makes up the extreme uppermost strata of the Cretaceous above the sands of the Ripley formation in Oktibbeha, Clay, and Chickasaw counties. (See Pl. IX.)
In Mississippi, therefore, part of the Selma chalk is replaced by synchronous nonchalky beds, and northward in Tennessee all of the Selma is eventually thus replaced. In northern Mississippi and in Tennessee the nonchalky time equivalents of the basal portion of the Selma are referred to the Eutaw formation, and these equivalents include a part of the Tombigbee sand member of the Eutaw formation and all of the Coffee sand member of the Eutaw. (See Pls. EX, in pocket, and X, p. 20; also pp. 12-15 and 21.) The time equivalents of the upper part of the Selma in Mississippi and northward in Tennessee, Kentucky, and southern [inois are referred to the Ripley formation.
In eastern Alabama, immediately after the beginning of chalk deposition, the conditions unfavorable to the formation of chalk gradually spread westward from Russell County, the materials laid down in the east being nonchalky marine beds which are here referred to the Ripley formation. Near the close of Upper Cretaceous sedimentation, as the record is pre- served, these unfavorable conditions had reached nearly to the western part of Marengo County, Ala. (See Pl. [X.) There was then a sudden eastward extension of favorable condi- tions, producing the long strip of chalk rock which extends above the sands of the Ripley almost to the eastern part of Dallas County and which forms the extreme uppermost beds of the Cretaceous along this distance. This is the ‘Prairie Bluff limestone” of Winchell.t As shown by the fossils, this rock is exactly synchronous with the similar tongue of chalk in Oktib- beha, Clay, and Chickasaw counties, Miss., described above.
Paleontologic subdivisions.—The Selma chalk in the region of its fullest development is divisible on paleontologic grounds into two parts; the lower, embracing approximately the lower half of the formation, is most conspicuously characterized by the presence of Exogyra ponderosa Roemer; the upper, embracing the remainder of the formation, is characterized by the presence of Exogyra costata Say and carries a fauna, especially near its top, which corre- sponds in a general way with the fauna of the originally described Ripley formation exposed in the bluffs of Owl Creek, 3 miles northeast of Ripley, Tippah County, Miss., though it
contains fewer species. RIPLEY FORMATION.
Mississippi.—The typical materials of the Ripley formation consist of marine, more or less calcareous and glauconitic sands, sandy clays, impure limestones, and marls. These were originally described by Hilgard.2 The bluffs of Owl Creek, 3 miles northeast of Ripley, Tippah County, Miss., may be considered the type locality of the formation. One of the classic Owl Creek exposures is shown in Plate VI, A. Eocene limestones (Midway formation) which immediately overlie the Ripley formation in the Owl Creek region were included by Hilgard in the Ripley. This error in correlation was corrected by Harris,? in 1896.
Tennessee and northward.—tIn the vicinity of the Tennessee State lme and northward in Tennessee all but the basal beds of the formation appear to merge along the strike into shallow-water equivalents consisting of irregularly bedded, largely nonglauconitic sands and subordinate clays, probably in part of marine, in part of estuarine, and in part of fresh-water origin. Since the time of Safford* these have been correlated with the Ripley formation. Their lithologic dissimilarity to the typical materials of the Ripley formation seems to justify the use of a member name to designate them, and the name McNairy sand member, derived
1 Winchell, Alexander, Statistics of some artesian wells of Alabama: Proc. Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci., vol. 10, pt. 2, 1857, p. 90.
2 Hilgard, E. W., Geology and agriculture of Mississippi, 1860, pp. 83-95.
3 Harris, G. D., The Midway stage: Bull. Am. Paleontology, vol. 1, No. 4, 1896, pp. 22-25 (136-139).
4 Safford, J. M., On the Cretaceous and superior formations of west Tennessee: Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 37, 1864, pp. 360-372; Geology of Tennessee, 1869, p. 550, plates and map.
105°—No, 81—14—_2
18 - CRETACEOUS DEPOSITS OF THE EASTERN GULF REGION.
from McNairy County, Tenn., is proposed. The type section of this member is exposed in a cut of the Southern Railway 14 miles west of Cypress station in this county, where the railroad passes through a ridge known as “Big Hill.” (See Pl. VI, B.) A section of this cut is given below: :
Section of McNairy sand member of Ripley formation in cut on Southern Railway 14 miles west of Cypress station, McNairy County, Tenn.
Feet. 6. Yellowish sandy loam, grading down into reddish argillaceous, rather coarse sand with irreg- mlanironicrustsialone base. .-.25 <5. 55<h lessee neem enol is sen Se eee ee eee 6 5. Coarse, loose cross-bedded varicolored sand with scattered small white clay films and pellets and with irregular sandy iron concretions in upper 2 feet........-..-.-.-------.------------ 17-24 4. Coarse corrugated ferruginous sandstone presenting many parallel cavities, round to irregular in cross section, of all diameters up to a foot or more, the cavities all pointing northeast and southwest. Pockets of varicolored sand occur intermixed with the ironstone masses. -.-...-- 3-10 3. Massive, loose, fine micaceous sand, pale yellowish green in upper part and blotcbed and streaked ;withipurplesinilowerpartsses. nee see ee ee 20 2° Trregularlayer otiterruginous sandstones: sss. soe qoem ia Aas ne ee 13 1. Pale yellowish-green, loose, finely micaceous sand with numerous thin lamine of white and drab clay; toward the western end of the cut short, relatively thick lenses of black, car- bonaceous clay reaching a maximum thickness of 8 or 10 feet. The black clay contains a few imperfectly; preservedileafmemains® 222 cjsjoseis esate Serie ore iets See cere ee eee ene 25-30
The McNairy member extends northward as a belt 5 to 15 miles in width, through Ten- nessee and Kentucky, to the southern extremity of Illimois. It is correlated with the Ripley formation, chiefly on the grounds of supposed continuity of strata. So far as known to the writer the only paleontologic evidence throwing light on the age of the member is that furnished by a single fossil found near Cairo, Ill. This specimen was discovered in an excavation for a bridge pier and later came into the possession of the State Museum at Springfield, IU. Thence it was sent to Dr. C. A. White, at the National Museum, Washington, D.C., and was identified by him as Lzogyra costata Say. Recently the specimen was again sent to Washington by request and was determined by the writer to be a typical specimen of Exogyra costata var. cancellata Stephenson. The information given on the label accompanying the specimen is as follows: “Specimen No. 8358 of the State Natural History Museum, Springfield, I. Locality: Bottom of Ohio River; found in sinking a caisson for Illmois Central Railroad bridge near Cairo, Ill.” The shell was not waterworn. Portions of the matrix in which the shell was originally em- bedded, adhering to the surface, consisted of fine gray calcareous, argillaceous, micaceous marine sand. Although from the account of its discovery it can not be positively asserted that this specimen of Exogyra was in its original position in marme sand where found, the assumption that it was in place seems reasonable. Whether this marine sand exists as a lens in the predominantly shallow-water beds of the McNairy sand member or constitutes a north- ward extension of the stratigraphically lower, purely marine strata of the Ripley formation of Tennessee, which in Kentucky and Illinois have become overlapped and buried by the beds of the McNairy member, is not definitely known. However, on the assumption that the specimen belonged in place where found, the Cretaceous sea is shown to have extended, probably as a broad, open embayment, as far north as Cairo. On the same assumption the containing beds belong stratigraphically within the zone of Exogyra costata (see p. 23) somewhere below the Liopistha protexta subzone.
Safford included in his Ripley certain fossiliferous beds in eastern Hardeman County, Tenn., which Harris! later showed to belong to the overlying Midway formation of the Eocene.
Alabama and Georgia—The time equivalents of the Selma chalk in eastern Alabama and in Georgia are referred in their entirety to the Ripley formation. The strata, except certain lithologie variations described below as members, are similar lithologically to the typical materials of the Ripley formation of northern Mississippi. They consist in the main of dark-gray or greenish-gray more or less calcareous and glauconitic sands, sandy clays,
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 81 PLATE VII
A. MARINE BEDS OF THE RIPLEY FORMATION, CHATTAHOOCHEE RIVER, EUFAULA, ALA.
B. MARINE BEDS OF THE RIPLEY FORMATION, CUT OF LOUISVILLE & NASHVILLE RAILROAD 1% MILES NORTH OF FORT DEPOSIT, LOWNDES COUNTY, ALA.
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 81 PLATE VIII
A. CUSSETA SAND MEMBER OF THE RIPLEY FORMATION OVERLAIN BY TYPICAL MARINE BEDS OF THE FORMATION, CUT OF SEABOARD AIR LINE RAILWAY AT HICHITEE (MANTA STATION), CHATTAHOOCHEE COUNTY, GA.
B. BEDS OF PROVIDENCE SAND MEMBER OF THE RIPLEY FORMATION, GULLY NEAR EUFAULA-LUMPKIN ROAD 10% MILES NORTHEAST OF GEORGETOWN, GA.
SUMMARY OF PRESENT CLASSIFICATION, 19
of Langdon * except that he included in the division an additional 120 feet of strata at the base of the series, which are here, on paleontologic grounds, correlated with the Tombigbee sand member of the Eutaw formation.
The Ripley formation of the Chattahoochee region is divisible paleontologically on the basis of the ranges of the contamed species of Exogyra exactly in the same manner as was stated to be true of the Selma chalk. The lower part, embracing the lower one-third to one-half of the formation, is characterized by the presence of Hzogyra ponderosa Roemer and Ezogyra ponderosa var. erraticostata Stephenson; the upper, embracing the remainder of the formation, is characterized by the presence of Exogyra costata Say. The formation contains a large number of invertebrate species which range from the base, or even from below the base of the formation, to its top, and it contains also a number of species with restricted ranges, some confined above and some below the horizon separating the two types of Exogyra. Typical exposures of the Ripley strata are shown in Plate VII, A, B.
Northeastward from Chattahoochee River in Georgia the equivalents of the Ripley forma- tion pass first into a series of alternating marine and shallow-water beds and still farther north- eastward into irregularly bedded sands and clays of shallow-water origm, overlapped and concealed in central and eastern Georgia by Eocene beds.
The classification of the Georgia Cretaceous deposits adopted by Otto Veatch in 1909? is essentially the same as that of Langdon, except that Veatch subdivided the Ripley into four parts—Blufftown marl, Cusseta sand, Renfroes marl, and Providence sand—on the basis of the alternation of beds of marine and shallow-water origin recognizable in a part of the area.
A part of the ‘‘Blufftown marl,” as previously explained, is here correlated with the Tombig- bee sand member of the Eutaw formation. The remainder of the “Blufftown” and the ‘‘Ren- froes marl” are lithologically indistinguishable from the typical Ripley and require no separate designation.
The basal part of the Ripley formation, embracing 200 or 300 feet of strata, merges north- eastward from the Chattahoochee region into sreacrenilendey bedded, nonclameominc sands with subordinate lenses of clay, probably in part of shallow marine, in part of estuarine, and in part of fresh-water origin. These constitute the Cusseta sand member of the formation. (See Pl. WEE, el.)
The upper part of the formation also merges northeastward along the strike into irregu- larly bedded sands and clays similar to those of the Cusseta sand member. This is the Provi- dence sand member of the formation. A typical exposure is shown in Plate VIII, B. At its type section near Providence post office (now abandoned) about 8 miles west of Lumpkin, Stewart County, the member has a total thickness of 140 or 150 feet. The Providence sand is also represented west of Chattahoochee River along the southern border of the Cretaceous area in Barbour, Bullock, and Pike counties. It is believed that the top of the Providence sand member occupies a slightly higher stratigraphic position than the top of the Cretaceous farther west in the eastern Gulf region.
Both the Cusseta sand member and the Providence sand member increase in thickness northeastward, whereas the intervening typical beds of the formation, the ‘‘Renfroes marl’’ of Veatch, become gradually thinner, and eventually in Macon County appear to pinch out entirely. The entire thickness of the formation beyond this point to the east is apparently represented by the Cusseta and Providence members.
SUMMARY OF PRESENT CLASSIFICATION. GENERAL SEQUENCE.
The areal distribution of the several formations and members recognized in tne eastern Gulf region is shown on the geologic map (Pl. IX, in pocket). Their stratigraphic positions, lithologic variations, and age equivalencies, are graphically represented in the diagram, Plate X.
An unconformity of regional extent separates the Lower Cretaceous deposits from those of Upper Cretaceous age. The Upper Cretaceous deposits are believed to form in the main a
Gel D. W., jr., Variations in the Cretaceous antl Tertiary strata of Alabama: Bull. Geol. Soc. America, vol. 2, 1891, pp. 587-606. 2 Veatch, Otto, Second report on the clay deposits of Georgia: Bull. Geol. Survey Georgia No. 18, 1909, pp. 82-106.
20 CRETACEOUS DEPOSITS OF THE EASTERN GULF REGION.
conformable series, although there are local unconformities of slight time importance in some of the shallow-water phases of the series.
The Upper Cretaceous deposits throughout the extent of their occurrence in the eastern Gulf region are overlain unconformably by Eocene strata.
LOWER CRETACEOUS.
The oldest Cretaceous strata of the region constitute a terrane which in areal distribution extends from the Alabama River valley, north of Montgomery, Ala., eastward through Alabama to the Chattahoochee River valley, at and immediately south of Columbus, Ga., and thence northeastward through Georgia, intersecting the Savannah River valley at and south of Augusta, Ga.
The materials consist of irregularly bedded, coarse, arkosic, more or less micaceous sand, with subordinate lenses of usually massive clay of greater or lesser purity. The terrane rests upon a basement of crystalline rocks and is separated from the overlymg Eutaw and other Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary formations by an unconformity. A short distance west of Alabama River the formation passes unconformably beneath and is completely buried by overlapping strata of the Tuscaloosa formation.
Fossil plants have been found in the terrane at one locality in Alabama.
UPPER CRETACEOUS. TUSCALOOSA FORMATION.
The Tuscaloosa formation consists of irregularly bedded sands, clays, and gravels having an estimated total thickness of 1,000 feet. The sands, even well down toward the base of the formation, are in places slightly glauconitic; the clays are in part massive and in part thinly laminated and are not uncommonly carbonaceous and lignitic; both the sands and clays vary in color from light drabs and grays to dark greens or grays, and are in many places varicolored, being blotched with purples, reds, pinks, yellows, and browns; the gravels occur chiefly in the basal beds of the formation near their contact with the underlying basement rocks.
The formation rests unconformably upon a basement which consists chiefly of Paleozoic rocks, but in part, toward the eastern end of the area, of crystalline rocks of probable pre- Cambrian age, and in part, at the extreme eastern end of its occurrence, of Lower Cretaceous strata. The terrane is overlain conformably by the Eutaw formation. The Tuscaloosa forma- tion has yielded a large number of fossil plant species.
EUTAW FORMATION.
Typical beds—The Eutaw formation consists predominantly of more or less glauconitic sand, massive to cross-bedded in structure, with, in parts of the terrane, irregularly interbedded fine lamine and laminated layers of dark clay, the latter usually containing comminuted plant fragments and some lignite. In places the beds are calcareous, this being especially true of the basal part of the formation in the Chattahoochee region and of the uppermost beds of the division throughout the greater part of its linear extent. The total thickness of the formation is estimated to be 400 to 500 feet. The beds are believed to be entirely of marine origin, although much of the formation was doubtless laid down in very shallow marine waters. On the basis of the distribution of massive as opposed to laminated beds two members described below are differentiated within the formation.
The terrane rests with conformable relations upon the underlying Tuscaloosa formation, and is overlain conformably in part by the Selma chalk and in part by the Ripley formation.
Marine invertebrate fossils occur abundantly in the basal 100 or 150 feet of the formation in the Chattahoochee region. Fossils also occur abundantly in places in the Tombigbee mem- ber of the formation, as explained below. Fossil plants have been found at two horizons below the Tombigbee member in the Chattahoochee region.
pe sand member
| Crystallines
‘Ripley formation
Eutaw formation
Tuscaloosa formation
IRMITY Lower Cretaceous
Central Georgia
PROFESSIONAL PAPER 838i
PLATE X
North Atlantic
(Parts of Maryland, Delaware,
and New Jersey)
Upper Cretaceous
ne
Lower Cretaceous
Eocene South Carolina North Carolina a ~ | Manasquan 2 eae ra Rancocas | Provid sand ber | Corea Tees sand sand Monmouth 2 25S SS 2—T (Chest sand member Matawan Black Creek Black Creek ee ee a formation formation ee 1 7 < lr SS j-—— — — | “ ~ SS SS ~ re Middendorf arkose member Magothy Sc of Black Creek formation — SS SSE eee SSS ed Sere A << + ne SS Re . t S Absent Absent Absent SS x oe ae , S N Raritan oe Patapseo ¢ v y wee Arundel Sees 2 Z Re Ue, —— it pat Patuxent SEG, Sane PGE — IY) "| Crystaliines | LEGEND H Providence sand member f ; Selma chalk oe LER Upper Cretaceous
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 81 PLATE XI
A. SPECIMENS OF EXOGYRA COSTATA, EXOGYRA COSTATA VAR. CAN- CELLATA (NUMEROUS), GRYPHAZCA VESICULARIS, ANOMIA ARGENTARIA, AND OTHER FOSSILS, WEATHERED FROM SELMA CHALK AT “BALD KNOB,” JOSEPH REYNOLDS PLACE, 3 MILES WEST OF CORINTH, ALCORN COUNTY, MISS.
B. SPECIMENS OF EXOGYRA PONDEROSA, EXOGYRA PONDEROSA VAR. ERRATICOSTATA (NUMEROUS), GRYPH4A AUCELLA, AND OTHER FOSSILS, WEATHERED FROM BASAL BEDS OF SELMA CHALK NEAR PUBLIC ROAD, 1 MILE WEST OF COTTON GIN PORT, MONROE COUNTY, MISS.
SUMMARY OF PRESENT CLASSIFICATION. 21
Tombigbee sand member.—The Tombigbee sand member consists of massive, glauconitic, more or less calcareous and argillaceous sand. Through Georgia, Alabama, and east-central Mississippi it constitutes the upper 100 to 200 feet of the formation. In northern Mississippi it thickens above, embracing within its stratigraphic limits beds which are the time equivalents of a portion of the overlying Selma chalk.
Marine invertebrate fossils are common in the lower and upper parts of the member in the Chattahoochee region and are numerous in the upper 50 or 75 feet of strata in Alabama and in east-central Mississippi; they occur also at several horizons in the thickened portion of the member in northern Mississippi. The teeth of fishes, particularly those of sharks, are numerous in the uppermost beds of the member in Alabama and in east-central Mississippi, and with them occur other scattered, fragmental, vertebrate remains.
Coffee sand member.—The Coffee sand member consists predominantly of glauconitic sands characterized by irregularity of bedding and by the presence of thin lamine and thinly laminated layers of dark clay. The beds are the Tennessee representatives of the thickened portion of the Tombigbee sand member of northern Mississippi, which in turn represents the time equivalent of the basal portion of the Selma chalk. (See Pl. X.) The division has an estimated maximum thickness of 200 to 300 feet. The beds contain an abundance of comminuted plant fragments and scattered pieces of lignite. The member has yielded one identifiable fossil leaf, Salix eutawensis Berry (identified by E. W. Berry). (See p. 26.)
SELMA CHALK.
The Selma chalk consists in the main of more or less argillaceous and sandy limestones rendered chalky by their large content of foraminiferal remains, with interbedded layers of nearly pure, hard limestone at wide intervals. In western Alabama the terrane has a measured maximum thickness of 930 feet as determined by the record of a well at Livingston, in Sumter County. The formation rests conformably upon the Eutaw formation, and where it attains its maximum development in western Alabama and in east-central Mississippi is overlain uncon- formably by Eocene strata.
The chalk beds merge along the strike in either direction into nonchalky equivalents, which in northern Mississippi and Tennessee are included in part in the Tombigbee and Coffee sand members of the Eutaw formation and in part in the Ripley formation, and in eastern Alabama are included entirely within the Ripley formation.
In addition to Foraminifera, the chalk beds contain invertebrate fossils in greater or lesser abundance throughout thew vertical and horizontal extent, the most conspicuous of which belong to the families Ostreide and Anomiide. Fossils are especially abundant in places in the impure, argillaceous phases of the terrane and weather out in great numbers. (See Pl. XI, A,B.) The chalk also contains scattered sharks’ teeth and other fragmental vertebrate remains.
RIPLEY FORMATION.
MISSISSIPPI, TENNESSEE, KENTUCKY, AND ILLINOIS.
Typical beds.—The typical beds of the Ripley formation consist of more or less calcareous and glauconitic sands, sandy clays, impure limestones, and marls, of marine origin, reaching an estimated maximum thickness in this region of 250 to 350 feet. The formation rests with con- formable relations in part upon Paleozoic rocks, in part upon the Eutaw formation (in Ten- nessee), and in part upon the Selma chalk. From Tennessee and northern Mississippi south- ward the successively higher beds merge along the strike into the chalky limestones of the Selma formation. Northward the typical beds of the Ripley formation are believed to merge hori- zontally into a series of sands and clays of shallow-water origin, to which the name McNairy sand member is given. The formation is overlain unconformably by Tertiary beds of Eocene age.
The typical beds of the Ripley formation contain in many places an abundance of inverte- brate fossil remains, some of which are in a remarkably perfect state of preservation. Sharks’ teeth occur scattered sparingly through the deposits, which also contain a few fragments of bones.
22 CRETACEOUS: DEPOSITS OF THE EASTERN GULF REGION.
McNairy sand member.—In the vicinity of the Tennessee State line the typical beds of the Ripley formation, except for a small thickness at the base, appear to merge along the strike into irregularly bedded, nonglauconitic sands and subordinate clays, for the most part of shallow- water origin. Their lithologic dissimilarity to the typical Ripley makes desirable a separate designation for them, and the name McNairy sand member, derived from McNairy County, Tenn., is proposed. This member probably reaches a maximum thickness of 400 or 500 feet. The beds have yielded a few imperfectly preserved leaf remains.
ALABAMA AND GEORGIA.
Typical beds.—The Ripley of eastern Alabama and of the immediate Chattahoochee region in Georgia resembles in all essential physical characters the Ripley of the type region in north- ern Mississippi. The. total estimated thickness of the formation in the Chattahoochee region is 950 feet. The Ripley rests with conformable relations upon the Eutaw formation. From the base upward the successively higher beds merge along the strike westward in Alabama into the Selma chalk. Along the southern border of the formation in Alabama and northeastward in Georgia portions of the formation, and eventually all of the formation, merge into lithologically dissimilar materials. These variations from the typical materials are described below as members.
The formation is overlain unconformably by Eocene strata.
As in Mississippi, the typical Ripley in this region contains an abundance of invertebrate fossil remains which are at many places in a fine state of preservation. Scattered fragmentary vertebrate remains occur, including bones and teeth. Poorly preserved fossil leaves have been discovered in marine materials at one locality.
Cusseta sand member.—Northeast of the Chattahoochee region in Georgia the basal 200 or 300 feet of the formation merges along the strike of the beds into fine to coarse, irregularly bedded, nonglauconitic and noncalcareous sands with subordinate clay lenses, for the most part of shallow-marine, but perhaps in part of estuarine and in part of fresh-water origin. These constitute the Cusseta sand member of the formation. No invertebrate fossils have been found in this member. A few species of fossil leaves have been found at two localities.
Providence sand member.—The upper beds of the Ripley formation also merge northeast- ward into irregularly bedded sands and clays similar to those of the Cusseta sand member. These form the Providence sand member of the formation. The thickness of this member at its type section near Providence post office (now abandoned), 8 miles west of Lumpkin in Stew- art County, is 140 or 150 feet. Northeastward from the type locality the total thickness of the member increases, and the underlying typical beds of the Ripley, the ‘‘Renfroes marl” of Veatch, which intervenes between the Cusseta and Providence members, becomes thinner and appears to pinch out entirely in Macon County; beyond this county to the eastern extremity of its areal occurrence the entire thickness of the formation appears to be made up of these two members. The Providence sand is also represented west of Chattahoochee River along the southern border of the Cretaceous area in Barbour, Bullock, and Pike counties, Ala.
No fossil remains have been found in this member.
SURFICIAL DEPOSITS.
The Cretaceous deposits are overlain locally in their area of outcrop by relatively thin surficial deposits, which have been disregarded in the mapping because their distribution has not been determined in sufficient detail and because their representation is not germane to the problems treated in this report. j
The surficial deposits consist chiefly of gravels, sands, clays, and loams. Some of them occupy the uplands between the streams and belong to the class of deposits commonly referred to the Lafayette formation (Pliocene ?); the remainder are disposed along the sides of the river valleys in the form of terrace deposits and are of Pleistocene and Recent age. Terraces are well developed along Tombigbee, Marion, Alabama, Coosa, Tallapoosa, and Chattahoochee rivers.
CRETACEOUS DEPOSITS OF THE EASTERN GULF REGION. Zo
FAUNAL ZONES AND SUBZONES.! STRATIGRAPHIC RELATIONS.
The paleontologic researches carried on in the eastern Gulf region have resulted in the differentiation of several invertebrate faunal zones and subzones in the Upper Cretaceous deposits. Named from the top downward, these are as follows:
1. The Exogyra costata zone, which embraces all the typical marine beds of the Cretaceous above the Ezxogyra ponderosa zone. Near the top a well-marked sub- zone designated the Liopistha protexta subzone is traceable through a part of the region. New fau- nal elements appear in extreme uppermost Cre- taceous beds which locally in the region intervene Exogyra costata zone 4 between the Liopistha protexta subzone and the base of the overlying Eocene.
Uppermost beds of the Ripley formation (present locally in the region) Liopistha proterta subzone
Selma chalk and contem-
2. The Exogyra ponderosa zone, which is , aed divisible into (a) the part of the zone included rey Bieaea between the Mortoniceras subzone and the base of euey, for the Exogyra costata zone, and (6) the Mortoniceras 950 + subzone. Exogyra ponderosa zone
3. The basal beds of the Eutaw formation.
The stratigraphic positions of each of these paleontologic divisions and the estimated thicknesses of strata embraced by them are shown in the generalized section (fig. 1).
Mortoniceras subzone
Tombietiee
Eutaw formation
FOSSIL LOCALITIES. Basal beds of the Eutaw formation
For convenience in discussing the distribution and ranges of the eastern Gulf Cretaceous fossils the localities from which collections have been made have been grouped into the eight areas which
2 Tuscaloosa are roughly outlined on the sketch map Formation (fig. 2) and which may be designated (1) 1000 +
western Tennessee; (2) northern Missis- sippi; (3) region of Houston, Pontotoc, Aberdeen, Tupelo, etc., Miss.; (4) east- central Mississippi and an adjacent por- tion of Alabama; (5) region of Warrior
and Tombigbee rivers, Ala.; (6) region FIGURE te EOE Seles showing fossil zones aud Subzoues in the eastern Gulf Upper Cretaceous deposits. In northern Mississippi and in Tennessee
of Alabama River, Ala. a) region of the top of the Eutaw formation rises to higher stratigraphic levels than in Ala- Chunnenugga Ridge, etc., Ala. : (8) Chat- nea and in Esoetiel HESSD, and includes the time equivalents of Ube
3 basal portion of the Selma chalk. Figures indicate thickness in feet. (See tahoochee River and Georgia. PL. X, p. 20.)
DISTRIBUTION AND RANGE OF THE SPECIES.
The stratigraphic ranges of the invertebrate fossils identified from the areas just named are given in Tables 1 to 8, inclusive. Jn Table 9 the ranges as given in Tables 1 to 8 are sum- marized, and columns are added showing the stratigraphic occurrence in the Carolinas and New Jersey of such of the eastern Gulf species as are common to those States. Comparison with the western Gulf Upper Cretaceous faunas is omitted from the table and in large part from the text discussions, because the ranges of many of the species in that region are as yet but imperfectly known. Approximate correlations are possible, but as paleontologic investi- gations are now being conducted by the writer in the western Gulf region he has deemed it best to postpone an attempt at exact correlation until the results of this later work are available.
1 See pp. 41-55.
24 CRETACEOUS DEPOSITS OF THE EASTERN GULF REGION.
In determining the fossils and preparing the lists on which the tables are based the writer was hampered by the fact that the types of many of the species were not at hand for comparison and that he had to depend on published descriptions and illustrations. The lists must therefore be regarded as of a preliminary character. For this reason it is to be expected that the ex- haustive studies of the faunas of the region soon to be under- taken will show the necessity for many changes in nomencla- ture and will revealsome errors in the determinations of genera and species. It is also to be expected that some species now regarded as restricted in range within certain limits will be found also at higher or lower horizons. But this lessening of the number of restricted forms will probably be offset by the discovery of new restricted forms, and by the recognition of specific differences in forms now regarded as having wide verticalranges. Itis believed, however, that such changes as are found necessary will be of minor importance as regards their effect upon the major conclusions reached through these preliminary studies. Many questionably identified species and many forms identified generically only have been omitted from the tables.
100 tt) 200 300 Miles SS SS
FIGURE 2.—Sketch map showing areas of paleontologic collections listed in Tables 1 to8. The numbers on the map correspond with the numbers of the tables.
TaBLEe 1.—Range of Cretaceous fossils in western Tennessee.
{Area 1 on sketch map, fig. 2.]
Impure Ripley for-]| phase of mation. Selma chalk. Exogyra Exogyra costata ponderosa zone. zone.
Species.
3 miles west 1 mile west of
of Adamsville.
- °
6927. 6926—7
Mollusca:
G. sp. (smooth, convex)... Exogyra costata var. canc Roemer
Paranomia scabra (Morton). - Merrell aCOKiraAdh (COLOKtO) <<ce fate ic cle en Sere met ec es a ee eee a eee
a The numbers are the collection numbers of the U. S. Geological Survey; the collections are in the U. S. National Museum. 27.—Selmer-Adamsville road, 3 miles west of Adamsville, Tenn. L. W. Stephenson, collector.
—Lexington-Chesterville road, about 7 miles east of Lexington, Tenn. L. W. Stephenson, collector.
¢ —Selmer-Adamsville road, one-quarter mile west of Adamsville, Tenn. L.W. Stephenson, collector. . 6929.—Adamsville-Coffee Landing road. about 4 miles southwest of Coffee Landing. Tennessee River, Tenn. L. W. Stephenson, collector.
spol Re ny JL bina sono eWay vee welais Ww Prgloray Syrekoodqelt we at iM ater mola Ws wie oe not ,yoittoet he den, alii asiiesjeous yell D yahoo Ye abies able on ie eo
Mn al ee :
abeonllon .remiigdgad® .W.f renee :
eronnmdgols Ma bare
epi deren! #
ree | t 4
Hea tatae ete
Plast sles eke
Vderlarscsaya eee Eupseiees
cane
Range of Cretaceous fossils in Northern Misrierippi.a [Area2 on aketeh map, igs?) P-24
Futaw formation (Tombigbes
Ripley formation. Selma chalk. sand member).
dials (h/# |2la ali lpi ala iE lei, eal PA |e |helis E Peete 53| 33 = 3 Ee | g)8e 3) a3) '4| #2 3 PACEESHE THE HAE EERE E Maclin
Plain bea dle ii TUAVEAS UAE NE IR leeld (0 masala 2 eelde cea
Be 2
:
a
poowozxz a3
‘Anomis argentaria Morton A. sp.nov. (found alo at Hartons Biull, Ais, ¢ Paranomia scabra (Morton)
Pulvinites argentea Cot
Crenelia serica Cor ©. eleantula Meek and Hayden ?, Dretssenaia tippana Conrad... Pholadomya oco}dentalls Morta ‘Periploma applicats Conrad, Anatimya sntersdiata Conrsd
AL sta (Conrad) . a rreroaib
RXAXAMXXKRAKXM! X
XMMMMXM! RRAXXAAAX
4 8 Tho numbers aro the collection numbers of the U. 8. Geological Survey; the collections aro in the U. 8. National Museum.
(Woh —New All r-Pontotoo road, 3 miles south of N¢ ‘Albany, * "s y, L. W. Stophe dL. C. Johnson, colleetors. (Chose-d Ben dearrip ol preceding locality. of Now j, Miss.; south side of Kings Creek. L. W. Stephenson, collector. TER aa pena ably tery 16) miles northoast of Miploy, Miss. iL Ww mepbenso0, ‘collector. RIA, eet eet HoT Aaa alles cast of the maln New Albany-Feru roa; exporure at foot of north-taolng slope of Kings Creek valley, ri Sass From, null in fd north of New Albany road, an east ali ‘onoquarter milo west of Dothany, Lee County, Miss. 1. W, “Albany-W. road st foot oft slope of Kings Creek valley, 2 miles Ne L. ba 5 .4, Prentiss County, Miss. 11, W. Stephenson, collector. Sa ease cota sp RTP 2 ae Mr, ee ty "gH Unite eminent aR Me; LGN Imlll ste, 2 ries northeast of Keownvillo, an road to Union County, Miss. 1,, W. Stephenson, ator sontnernite yrles sath of Maio, Ualoa unt Mla katana cleo wi repbaason, pelieton: Gallen Hl awe of Cano 1 Gheok, 3 mlos northeast i) Coan TW. z On ooo . W. Staphonscin, collector. play Corinth road, 3) mile northeast Pits UW Beerbansoy cline ooo coemamn, ad Ts, Wr. Blepbenson, collectors, |G EM =Cnt of Gennes eis apm cael ; Stenhenan collec. 7 Laon eallecre: Of Damas, Tippah County, Misi. . W. Stanton and L, O, Johnson, collectors, (57-—Ono and o snorh igi omperiie tevin ra, UW. Stephenson, collet, : A q 5 114, 05. ‘and L. W. i Se oe aE ea eee Eee ear ae oe a Ary vata oer pls Sess cuir CO eT eae mata mile soath of Booneville, Mis, and 8 few hundred yards east of racks of Mobilo & Oblo TR. apy, Mist, NW: face 18, 14,0. 8." L.C, Jobin, collector. eit, Geb of Gouthern Ry., 3 miles southeast of Corinth, Miss. From paso of Selma chalk and Immediate top of underlying Butaw formation. A. Fy : Alexander, belng’a part of the old Booker Pate plantation, 54 miles northeast of Ripley, Misi. 1, W. Stephenson, Gh a oneyte iran m rou via iar’ ot mill ate 5 males ona of Reoeyie, MUL iv ‘elepnensca, easton 71. Walnot Creek, 7 miles northeast of Ripley, Tippah County, Mis. 7. ale pNear Hare's eon Tig raw malles panke roast ata-y Lass oA. ober, of malls east of New Albay, lla lw rol Ma a Noes Aibany-taldwin rd, ot “The Cavan’? ‘4Gl-—Cut of Southern Ity. 2 miles northwest of Burnsville, Tshoraingo County, Miss. UHligant's *Hel’s contract.)
105°—No, S1—14. (To face page 24.) No.1.
. ~DSSNOEE f fawey >) d
Pat
Ens ie
ms ‘4
emetic te aii a tcimetnomas mm n e C
lealions? FU od Yo apeionia i ence PDE, SHR EOCH RIS > Ane) agnhet le able tiles i), eaadlh ae to Pat aer) anal P loool yatd dns tent ieee, boon orelt- youths Wart Nisam peo -ten9 ation CMG , Mee Pomnranosttemeemne CAL sith tara A ix ollny S “atlew Beutel lo aqale oy fe Goad, Yai eTheeet eocepafest) Iie oe mn8 | ele h wat \o sagottabne seat bot 1 leesiey eit nen
eos rinaadqare . ¥ Pi 3 Pinion weenie. .Cisie caadot ) 1 nots WY elt eso » aeere %
: vor ibe wassup . Wud volte have pon aeliag wkadiloo imemsiol 3 0 Bae neanade WF ae ah sieht vernal No
:Tom- E ;
| te habeas utaw formation
; big- j ae (Tombigbee sand j bee ; chalk. member).
isand.:
os oy oy
ne 7; S S oO Mortoniceras
4 e S subzone. Species. : aq A % ee s/Bea/SS/E | Es
rH#E|82| s\°al"sla ls [zs
nelaos| 85/88 lou] 5 |2 IES
ES we aa |a5/esia |<. |e
FO |gz |" |F&|8e| 2 | 38 las
3 oO 2 oo 2
Gee ee era) EE ae gts} =
2 ig |S2/8 |E2BSsl8 ie
iS 3 SS |S SE 1SSS\S 2
Echinodermata: Cassidulus subquadratus Conrad. ............... GHintermedius|Slocum reese ase senocie mice clef eli aprnl|iiol t Slam aster laGuUnOsiis| Slo cuir aimee teraeereratey cence minha ln ene | | NL | (ERR ETAS CA TUS (MON EOM) Sam wevaretste re crater cerete eetetaters eve Du lagna Tn |g ESE Behe Vesa |W a Linthia variabilis Slocum. ..... SE RS aig
Vermes: Mamulusion yxy Morton oy mee enema fee H. squamosus Gabb. ..- IEDG MIS OLIGAD De seceant seem ert ees soar enema pee }
Mollusca: Nucula percrassa Conrad...............---.-----[.- Perrisonota protexta Conrad...........-.-.-.---H.. ra Cucullea vulgaris Morton... Pinna laqueata Conrad...... Inoceramus argenteus Conrad. S604 ba (OstreaitecticostalGabb ena ee sci O. plumosa Morton....... O. larva Lamarck......... ONpanday Morton eee one seca c see eels Os pectiliaris|Conrad secs eee ee ees ee eee nee O. sp. nov. (found also at Blue Banks Landing,’
TING 0h, GUD baacanGaneecresonaneceeeneeserasas Gryphea aucella Roemer. G. vesicularis Lamarck G. vomer (Morton).......- GEspa(smoothyiconvex) sence cemece en sceeee coe ne Exogyra costata Say. ---.2- 22.222 22--- ecco eee E. costata var. cancellata Stephenson.....-.... 4. . EsponderosayRoemersessseseocec sec eeeee E. ponderosa var. erraticostata Stephenson....- Pecten venustus Morton.........-.-...---.---- P. argillensis Conrad. ......... P. quinquecostatus Sowerby... P. tenuitestus Gabb......... Plicatula urticosa (Morton)... Anomia argentaria Morton A.sp.nov. (found alsoat Bartons Bluff, Ala., etc.) J A.sp.nov. (ef. undescribed species from Snow
JEG NICS) saaceaaeonaeaaae Paranomia scabra (Morton) . Cymella bella Conrad......- Liopistha protexta Conrad. . Veniella conradi (Morton)... Cardium tippanum Conrad.. C. spillmani Conrad....... Cyprimeria alta Conrad... Gastrochzena americana G: Pholas cithara Morton....... Gyrodes abyssina (Morton)... Turritella tippana Conrad. - - T. vertebroides Morton........ T. sp. nov. (two spiral ridges). Nautilus dekayi Morton....- N. sp. nov. (large)..........- Baculites Eipracnsis Conrad. B. carinatus Morton.........-..- Placenticeras guadalupz Roemer... - Mortoniceras texanum Roemer (var. ?) - Belemnitella americana (Morton)
i henson, collector. 4053.—One mile south of Houston, Miss., on New O upelo, Miss. L. W. Stephenson,
No number.—Houston, Miss. Collector (2). 6849.—From washes in field just northeast of Mobile 6473.—From slope facing Soctahoomah Creek valle collector. 6474.—One and one-half miles south of Houstcn, Mis| 6470.—Road leading south from Pontotoc, Miss., one} No number.—Location, Patterson farm, 3 miles sou No number.—Location, Pontotoc, Miss. Collector (]° 6852.—Exposure along right bank of small branch. Pontotoc County, Miss. . W. Stephenson, collector. 6853.—Street exposure at southeast edge of Pontot Stephenson, collector. 6854.—New cut of New Orleans, Mobile & Chicago R 6858.—New Orleans, Mobile & Chicago R. R., about Stephenson, collector. 6855.—Fontotoc-Tupelo road, a mile east of Pontoto 6856.—Pontotoc-Tupelo road, 2 miles east of Pontoto 6857.—Pontotoc-Tupelo road, about 5 miles east of P. 6850.—Cut of Mobile & Ohio R. R. about 7 miles nor 6469.—A berdeen road, 64 miles southeast of Pontoto 6471.—Troy-Shannon road, one-quarter mile east of 6860.—Houston-West Point road, about 2 miles sout' 6859.— West Point-Houston road, one-quarter mile s 6472.—From gullies south of Troy-Shannon road, 3
T. rT. Stephenson, collector.
L. W. Stephenson, collector.
collector.
collector. olonaroad and about 7 miles northeast of Okolona,
ek, at foot of east-facing slope bordering the bottom
Eutaw formation.) L. W. Stephenson, collector. County. L. W. Stephenson, zollector.
mson, collector.
105°—No. 81—14. (To face page 24
TasiE 3.—Range of Cretaceous fossils, region of Houst
[Area 3 on sketch map, fig.
lon, Pontotoc, Aberdeen, Tupelo, etc., Miss.¢
2, p. 24.)
Selma | Eutaw formation
Ripley formation. Selma chalk. halk (Tombigbee sand
Gis, member).
Exogyra costata zone. Exogyra ponderosa zone.
mod [2 [= [= (2 [2] JE.(/2 Pe ba [® [= [2 la lg (elg_le [= [2 = fe le le ie ee 3 = a lz = [Su] sortoneras
Species. 2000. aig |@ |8.|3 32 & 5 Pale |e # /2./3.| selss/4 |3 12 |l@ |e |2 13 18 le lg 4 a|2 |g 3 |se] subsne. RS os | 9 3 sl;aesigs| 3. |e. -|/3a}/2s] 5 /28/85/8e Ps Ea = = = = 2 g 3 ie 2 eee, |e 3 FAs a 25 "ag l%gi/as] a of | oS Iecsrssl °s $/°3188/88] 2/32) eas eee rah | eats a ee || tae A A Ts a4 &.|/28/3s] °s|F | ; 2. = g8\¢ essa] _8|.38| 42 2/4 |? all all aouke s|o6|°s|°4] . | 88 Sei/ss| 2 i lta | a8 Ee g2|2|22| Fs) s a | 82) 28/85/25 | 38/23] 23/22] 3 |2s|e2| 23/23) 25 | 2 a3 |22|93|e3|25) 2 | os | 3s 83 |22|e2|38|e8|on] 218 [8 Bs ag eeiee loo a #3 |S lopsCas!] se /ES1ee/a8le2e] S |Sselesl se] ee] 62 a4)a5|a5|a5|8e8] & | aH) e8 aglau (Se (Se )saiael a |<. 5 ae |. [FR /*8/Fs lee] 3 |g [se (Se bce. os) 2 | FS | 28 |FE/ Be] a | BB | Fe Fe! 6 HOP RE) RE | HE] ES | 2 | Bo | Fe Be Go |e2|# | RE) es) 2 | 9s |e8 3 25 Beals 2 8 eeeillane taersiearel aot |i 3 | ss Ee) as|e si|= a |csles 3 | 83 |as fe gS |e }a = ) -S [nc] [psy ry a0 6 2 OV AS | ce CA = S |} ae|F a nd | = | Cl= |; RS: lee (2 | (2 fale lage geeueblg [dd le fe (2 idee id jd yd 12 12 le 12 12 12 2 Va th le iid |b°lgeid ald (lee = . s oS S a a a a So 2 ¢ x u cS Be Leis |§ 15 (8 |2\éle°|2 B 2 |2 3/3/28 s 18 |8 |8 |8 |8 12 13 18 138 | 8 (8 |8 2/2 |2 |28/2 |22 888/83 Bor hs Pe fe | | |
Echinodermata: Cassidulus subquadratus Conrad C. intermedius Slocum... Hemiaster lacunosus Slocum HH. parastatus (Morton). Linthia variabilis Slocum.
x
O. panda Morton. O, peculiaris Conrad
E. ponderosa var. erraticostata Stephenson. Pecten venustus Morton... P. argillensis Conrad. -...- P. quinquecostatus Sowerby. P. tenuitestus Gabb...---. Plicatula urticosa (Morton) Anomia argentaria Morton. - A.sp.noy. (found alsoat Bartons Ala. ete. et noy. (ef. undescribed species from Snow |, N.
RECON 55 eee sAseend I> 5 - x
Paranomia scabra (Mo! ee bella Conrad. Liopistha protexta Co! Veniella conradi (Morton). Cardium tippanum Conrad C. spillmani Conrad.
Gyrodes abyssina (Morton) Purritella ti aaa Conrad. a yertebro. Ce \. sp. nov. (two ridges). Nautilus dekayi tarpon N. sp. nov. (large).....-. Bacoulites tippaensis Conrad. B. carinatus Morton...-..-.. Placenticeras guadalups Roemer Mortoniceras texanum Roemer (var. ?) - Belemnitella americana (Morton) ...-
4053.—One mile south of Houston, Miss., on New Orleans, Mobili pte r Nonumber.~ Houston St : ‘Galietar r lobile & Chicago R.R. A. F. Crider, collector. .—From was! just northeast of Mobile & Ohio R. R. track (Houston branch), 1} miles northeast of Houston, Mi! ai slope facing Soctahoomsah Creek valley on Houston-Buena Vista road, 2 m: es ae of Houston, Miss., in Tt Sae Oop SET Bteptenony 6474.—One and one-half miles south of Houston, Miss., on main road leading south, in Chickasaw County. L. W. Si Clash Headings pen Enromag onto Miss. onechalf ee pipers i ti mile from town. L. W. Misaeatan NCH soenter: —Locat 0) A Nonnmber.—Location, Pontotoc, Miss, Collector (). ee .—Exposure along ri i i Ponteteo Gone te atias: iB “ign iE nel eral branen, one-eighth to one-quarter mile south of the station (New Orleans, Mobile & Chicago R. R.) at Pontotoc, Sietteae ole St southeast edge of Pontotoc, Pontotoc County, Miss., near new embankment of New Orleans, Mobile & Chicago R. R. L. W- 6854,—New cut of New Orleans, Mobile & Chicago R. R., one-half mile south of the station at Pontotoc, P enso) pi onto! 6858,—New Orleans, Mobile & Chicago R. R., about 24 miles northwest of Pontotoc, Pontotoc County, Miss. ofpe Gaunt fires ot a ‘eet of oes Ph.
a The numbers are the collection numbers of the U. S. Geological Survey; the collections are in the U.S. National Museum.
6863.—From washes in hill slope facing west, a short distance north of Pontotoc-Tupelo road, 6 miles west of Tupelo, Miss. L. W. Stephenson, collector. 6866.—Okolona-Houston road, 44 miles west of Okolona, Miss. L. W. Stephenson, collector.
6865.—Okolona-Houston road, 3 miles west of Okolona, Chickasaw County, Miss. L. W. Stephenson, collector.
Okolona-Houston road, 2 miles west of Okolona, Chickasaw County, Miss. L. W. Stephenson, collector,
From bald spots and gullies near Okolona-Pontotoc road, 24 miles northwest of Okolona, Miss. L. W. Stephenson, collector,
Pontotoc-Tupelo road, 3} miles west of Tupelo, Miss. L. W. Stephenson, collector.
—Pontotoc-Tupelo road, about 3 miles west of Tupelo, Miss. L. W. Stephenson, collector.
—From bald spots on and near Tupelo-Chesterville road, three-quarters of a mile west of Tupelo, Miss.
689. 6889.—From the bed of a dry branch intersecting Okolona-Houston road, one-half mile west of Okolona, Miss. L. W. Stephenson, collector. 6890.—From a bald spot on west edge of the town of Okolona, Miss. L. W. Stephenson, collector. 6891.—From bald spots near Okolona-Nettleton road, a mile northeast of Okolona, Miss. L. W. Stephenson, collector. 6898.—Tupelo-Chesterville road, 1} miles west of Tupelo, Miss. L. W. Stephenson, collector.
L. W. Stephenson, collector.
68099.—From gullies north of Plantersville-Verona road, about 1} miles east of Verona, Miss. i —From washes east of Tupelo-Verona road, in field Beene south of Tupelo, Miss. L. W. Stephenson, collector. '892.—From gullies on Erskine Miller’s place, near Black Oak Grove church, a few rods west of Nettleton-Okolona road and about 7 miles northeast of Okolona,
Steph b Fs 7 sphenson, collector, Miss. L. W. Stephenson, collector.
'6855,—Pontotoc-Tupelo Toad, a mile east, of Pontotoc, Pontotoc County, Miss. L. W. Stephenson, collector.
6857.—Pontotoc-Tupelo road, about 5 miles east of Pontotoc, Pontotoc County, Miss, L. tephi 6850.—Cut of Mobile & Ohio R. R. about 7 miles northeast of Houston, Chickagaw County, Biss (Houston, naar L. W. Stephenson, collector. ral meardgen road Be pals aE a ee one nOnty xide of creak at ao of bridge. L. W. Stephenson, collector. 2 ‘ hann D ‘on! unty, Miss. L. W. Steph pe prone ane est Point road, about 2 miles southeast of Caradine store, Clay County, Miss, neon ALE ne L. W. Stephenson, collector. ee ae 0) puston poe one-quarter mile south of Caradine store, Clay County, Miss. From a bald spot. L. W. Stephenson, collector. .—From gullies south of Troy-Shannon road, 3 miles east of Troy, in Lee County, Tiss. L. W. Stephenson, collector. 4 ‘
105°—No. 81—14. (To face page 24.) No, 2,
6893. —Nottleton-Okolona road, 4 miles southwest of Nettleton, and a mile southwest of bridge over Town Creek, at foot of east-facing slope bordering the bottom
6856.—Pontotoc-Tupelo road, les east of Pontotoc, Pontotoc County, Miss. L. W. Stephenson, collector. nds of Town Cree! - y ui igbee sand member of Eutaw formation.) sphenson, S toc-Tupelo road, 2 mil ny . LW. lands of Ti Creok. L, W. Stephenson, collector. L. W. Steph collector. fy Si e of Tombigbe
6453, 6900.—Tupelo-Fulton road, about 14 miles east of Tupelo, Miss. (Ton; 6452,—Tupelo-Fulton road, about 8 Sa eres of Fulton, Miss., and 2 DLilae Ease of Mooresville, Miss., in Lee County. L. W. Stephenson, <ollector. 6886, 6888.—One mile west of Cotton Gin Port, Monroe County, Miss. L. W. Stephenson, collector.
6922, 6923, 6924.—Blue Bluff, Tombigbeo River, right bank, 2) miles north of Aberdeen, Miss. L. W. Stephenson, collector.
6925.—Bluff below railroad padre at Aberdeen, Miss., Tombisbee River. L. W. Stephenson, collector.
6887.—One mile west of Cotton Gin Port, Monroe County, Miss. L. W. Stephenson, collector.
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+—
Eutaw formation (Tombigbee sand member).
sa zone.
Mortoniceras subzone.
Ply-
Species. g 7 = = mig igs: es g ay lee gleea |S@)Fe |e.| 2 | 32 2222224 hel EVE Ge || ey |) Seu Rese eietas |oa las [ac] 2 | 88 |gbgless 29123 |S¢ I bS |Iogalega | = 2 Ses. |88| 3 | am fagelegs SBiHo |wd) so lee asiass 48 flee 13 | S| 32 (8s) es g aa nO | aS mm eleaslans S Re" | 88 ease ols ce) co Oo Oo INDOO|O =) . Echinodermata: Ppfemiaston lacullosus Slocumec 4-22 aoe cece ees se eel | Cera ierais sternite Eisen | eters | sere ots terecersta [erates aterm Vermes:
Hamulus squamosus Gabb......------------+------------+------4 H. onyx Morton..-...-- Molluscoidea: Terebratulina floridana (Morton) Mollusca: Nucula percrassa Conrad....-..----------- Leda longifrons Conrad ....-..------------ Perrisonota protexta Conral....--.-------- Cucullza vulgaris Morton .....-----.------ Arca rostellata Morton....-..-.---------- Ostrea plumosa Morton.....------------- O! tecticosta Gabb.--....---------------- O. panda Morton Oslanvawamarckessss= 222 sme ae ala O. peculiaris Conrad....--.....-------- O. sp. nov. (very irregular) ......------ QO. sp. nov. (long, thin, irregular)... .-- Gryphea vesicularis Lamarck.....---. G. vomer (Morton). -.-..-------------- G: aucella Roemer..--.-------------- G. sp. (smooth, convex) ------..--.. =e Exogyra costata Say..------------------- E. costata var. cancellata Stephenson - - E. ponderosa Roemer.......--------------- E. ponderosa var. erraticostata Stephenson. ..-...--------------. Trigonia thoracica Morton.....-.-------------------------------+ Be Pecten quinquecostatus Sowerby. ...-..------------------------- al x x x IPA tenuitestus (Gab beers ees asceesecsas = ee eeee ool P. venustus Morton. . Se ee See ose PWargillensis|Conrad So 2 = == oi 2 3-2-2 2 2- == 222 ------ Dianchora echineta Morton Plicatula urticosa (Morton)...-..------ P. sp. nov. (found also at Livingston, Lima reticulata Forbes. ....-.-.------- Anomia argentaria Morton A. sp. Noy. (found also at Bartons Bluff, Ala., Paranomia scabra (Morton) Crenella serica Conrad....--- Liopistha protexta Conrad..... Cuspidaria jerseyensis Weller. . Veniella conradi (Morton)-...- Etea carolinensis Conrad... - Crassatellites vadosa Morton. Re Radiolites austinensis Roemer... R. sp. nov. (found at Starkville, Miss., etc.) ..... ..------------- Abs Sphzerella concentricaConrad...- Cardium spillmani Conrad... Cyprimeria alta Conrad. ...-..- vere planulatum (Conrad)... Delphinula lapidosa Morton. -- Perissolax octolirata (Conrad) . Scala sillimani (Morton)..-....-..-. Lunatia obliquata Meek and Hayden...........--.-.-.-.----- Gyrodes petrosa (Morton). ...-----.------------------------ Gaabyssinal (Morton) eee one-one Xenophora leprosa (Morton Bulla mortoni Forbes..---- Nautilus dekayi Morton. IN, Soy WO; (ET) oo 53 Sone SnD aS DOC RA COED SHOb GC SOO Se RS COSSEGOH ll Meuse Iaeieee pamela eee Baculites tippaensis Conrad. .--...-....-..-.-------+----- a IBA CATINAGLUISIMOr boris ea seer eee. roan see eee eles ane i] Pine Pelle ere ge iByasper MOrtomessee se eens few seo wo o+ a ce eens B. columna Morton... .-..- Scaphites conradi (Morton)-..-. Sphenodiscus lenticularis (Owen). 12 mticeras planum Hyatt--. P. guadalupee (Roemer) ---.......-------- Mortoniceras texanum (Roemer) (var. ?)........-----.---- Hamites sp. nov. (found also at Moscow Landing, Ala., etc.).. Belemnitella americana (Morton)
6835.—Scooba-Giles road, 3 miles east of Scooba, Kemper County, \tion.) 6480a2-b.—Six miles north of Scooba, Miss. Wahalak-Binnsville ro! No number.—Wahalak, Miss. Wetherby, collector. 6838.—One-fourth mile west of Macon-Shuqualak road, and about Soe oe Mascon Delaib'rdad, 7th h of M M .—Macon-De road, 7 miles south of Macon, Miss. (Weathy. Stephenson, collector. 6837.—Macon-De Kalb road, 74 miles south of Macon, Miss. From Sieshonson collector. 3 ae a Peace eles) Cie road, one-half mile south of bri tephenson, collector. phenson, collector. i north from Waverly Ferry road and 6842.—Edmonds bridge over Oaknoxubee River, 7} miles west of ean aaa ey y uh 3186, 6843, 6844.—A gricultural and Mechanical College near Stark W.N. Logan, and L. W. Stephenson, collectors. 6845.—Gullies on Aiken farm about 2 miles north of Starkville, Mi 6846.—Gullies near Starkville-Osborn road, about 3 miles northeastise of Selma chalk.) L. W. Stephenson, collector. 6847.—Lee Pearson’s place, Houston-Starkville road, on slope facinjee River, Miss. (Weathered from base of Selma 6861.—Near Cedar Blufi-Montpelier road, at side of road leading no 6480c-f.—See description of 6480a-b, given above. ennessee, and Northern R. R. bridge. L. W. 6479c.—See description of 6479a-b, given above. 6841.—Cut of Mobile & Ohio R. R, 3 miles south of Macon, Noxubt foot of “Boykins Ridge.’’ L. W. Stephenson, 6475.—Bluff on Oaknoxubee River, a quarter of a mile below wago 7 6476.—T wo miles a little south of west of Macon, Noxubee County, r. 6478.—Plantation of T. W. Brane, 2} miles south of Macon, Noxubj C. Johnson and L. W. Stephenson, collectors. 6840.—Three miles northwest of Macon, Miss., on road leading norttephenson, collector. 6848.—Starkville-Osborn road, 5 miles northeast of Starkville, Oktilon, collector.
. W. Stephenson, collector. iss. L. W. Stephenson, collector.
iles east of Brookville, Noxubee County, Miss.).
Taste 4.—Range of Cretaceous fossils, east-central Mississippi and an adjacent portion of Alabama.
{Area 4 on sketch map, fig. 2, p. 24.)
: Ripley for- : A Selma chalk. eee ae Selma chalk. Eutaw on nab lebee) sand Exogyra costata zone. Exogyra ponderosa zone. g ls 3s la l/s [sos |e lg /agle Ise le l= la la & ele 2. ec as s |g |e le gs) als uz 2 |e & |a & lay 3 2g ad HES 4 5 2 |2 2 lee lls EL Wee {he 3 i \3 Z Be 3 ea d go Mortoniceras subzone. Sie 213 )4 (5, /5 |3,/38/6 |€8lacl/ea 2 |ee/s12 |= sg ls |ea/Sg/2 2 12 |5.|5.14 12 |S. |s2l" Be |e | ca ; aS Ss |a| 2 \ae|s, | sg | ee oe | oe | 82 esl se | ad lS. laa] a lets (84/82 |Se1SalSalsgleg| 3 l4.|S4/84 a8 |2 |gale¢e |3 | 4 | se Begkeg S leo) = |22)e9) 7d) os). .|.2| ge | “s e2g| "a | os | a 188) 2 |S las |F4| 54/34 sa 192] 22134] 2 |es/48|Se|s iS8 | 8 [Sales |e.| 2 | 38 Beele24 di \ae| 2 \2| 22 | 82/22 |24 [25 | 28 | ae (base [22 | a2 |22| = [Fe lee jag | es | 24 | 22 | S252 | 22] 2 [22 | 22/28 [Es les | s |"E es | 22) 2 | 28 Feares ga |AS| S | od | as] i fa |S) elaalag ef oso] e2i2el8a| 2 | 88 les 148 | 82) 8s) ge) od | 8a) aq| & |ex|8—/S5)/S4 52 | 2 | anlgs | 35 S jehslas3 a \ee| 4 les\a2 [ne lo le [22 (25 | "a eae| es leg (22 (ae | & las lea [fs |eg (ee |22 de] ae lae| a |22 lee lesl2 [ea | £ (22t° |22| = | 2s Ezzleee ‘| fz? |} So} 3 835] 23 | 7 3 4 Aiea) aa Ss a | Ss 5B |SS IB. | 8 5 | ay B g & dale lao nt losin a 42/78 Geel Te a ae Fla? eal T= 03 ele iy lf le 14 ir lt (fele legal ® lee treel#e|s (vecheches g | 8 5 |s2|9 Baslsele°godis’|2 | |e |e le leas 22 le |e |g 3 a |e lgel | d | 2 bee) 1S | | ceoesas 2 2 \3 4 zg | a2 | Bgala" |e je" 12 |§ |2 |e | Ele 22 |? |2 |2 |2 | 2 | 2 |2 |= BFS |8 B2-|g 82 jagesis- oe ° Echinodermata: ‘
‘Hemiaster lacunosus Slocum........-.-..--.-.--..-.--------2-----.[-----. 18S:
Veep eatin squamosus Gabb-
HH. onyx Morton poidea:
seo erepretulis floridana (Morton)
lusca:
ua Nuculs percrassa Conrad
Leda longifrons Conrad
Perrisonota protexta Conra.
Cuculliea vulgaris Morton
Area rostellata Morton...
Ostrea plumosa Morton.
O. tecticosta Gabb.
O. panda Morton.
O. Jarva Lamarck
G. vomer (Morton). G. aucella Roemer, G. sp. (smooth, convex Exogyra costata Say... E. costata var. cancellata Stephenson E. ponderosa Roemer....-..-.----. E, ponderosa var. erraticostata Stephenson ‘Trigonia thoracica Morton..... Pecten quinquecostatus Sowerby. P. tenuitestus Gabb P. venustus Morton. P. argillensis Conrad Dianchora echineta Morton Plicatula urticosa (Hones) P. sp. noy. (found also at. Lima reticulata Forbes... Anomia argentaria Morton A. sp. noy. (found also at Bartons Bluff, Ala., etc.) Paranomia scabra (Morton) - Crenella serica Conrad. . Liopistha protexta Conrad. Cuspidaria jerseyensis Welle: Veniella conradi (Morton). Etea carolinensis Conrad. . Crassatellites vadosa Morton. Radiolites austinensis Roem R. sp. noy. (found at Starkville, Miss., etc.) - Sphzrella concentricaConrad. Cardium spillmani Conrad
ivingston, Ala., ete.
hin Del pain lapidosa Morton. Peri rad
Xenophora le Bulla mortoni
B. columna Morton.
Scaphites conradi (Morton
Bphenod isons len ficnlacia Owen) nticeras planum Hyat
P. guadalups (Roemer) ...
Mortoniceras texanum (Roemer) (var. ?)-
Hamites sp. nov. (found also at Moscow Landing, Ala., ete.
Belemnitella americana (Morton)................--.---
6835.—Scooba-Giles road, 3 miles east of S Ke: iss. Gasia-b.— Six miles north of Scoops, Miss. °Wahalale Binngville fond, west .—Wahalak, ISS. 6838.—One-fourth milo test of aectner by, colpetor: som a0 Mtscon-D ‘Kalb road —) n-De: toad, 7 miles south ‘iss. 0837.—Macon-DeKalb road, 7} miles southoot Mace ais
8 AB itep! eet
collector.
ee aon bridge over Oaknoxubee River, 7} miles west of Crawford and 2) miles west of Fairport, Miss. LL. W. Stephenson, collector. D
, O84.
W.N. Logan, and L,
6845.—Gullies on Aiken farm about 2) miles north of Starkville, Miss. L. W. Stephenson,
« The numbers are the collection numbers of the U. 8. Geological Survey; the collections are in the U. 8. National Museum.
W. Stephenson, collector.
k near bridge.
innsyille road, west-facing slope of Wahalak Creek valley. L. W. Stephenson, collector,
Macon-Shuqualak road, and about a mile north of Shuqualak, Noxubee County, Miss. From bald spotin field. L. W. Stephon- (Weathered out of top of Cretaceous in bald spot.) L. W. Stephenson, collector.
Miss. From exposures in bank of Running Water 6839.—Macon-Shuqualak road, one-half mile south of bridge over Running Water Creek, and 5 miles south of Macon, Noxubee County, Miss. L. W.
6882.—West Point-Montpel
6880.—Land of Charles
6422.—One-half mi’
498.—‘‘Moonplace”’ and ‘Rock Cut,’” va 493.—Five miles north of Starkville, Ok 6st ‘West Point-Cedar Bluff road, a mile east of Cedar Bluff, Miss., near west end of bridge over Lino Creek. ‘Sakatonchee ivan isl below bridge of West Point-Montpelier road, about 3} miles west of West Point, Miss. L. W. Stephenson, collector. lier road, 2 miles west of West Point, Miss. L.
6883.—A bandoned pit of West Point Brick, Tile & Lumber Co., on nort! le northwest of Jett,
Pickens County,
L. W. Stephenson, collector.
ey
trong, bein,
Picked up loose in field cast of house.
ani
6919.—Plymouth Bluff, Tombighbee River, 6920.—Roadside gullies from locality near L. W. Stephenson, collector.
apa
M Ply:
miles east of Starkville, Miss. bbeha County, Miss.
near Cochrane, Pickens Coun of the old Allen Gayin place, tephenson, collector.
W.
N:
ty, Ala. E. } sec. 30, T. 16 N.,
iss., 4 to 5 miles northwest of Columbus, Miss. (Weathered from base of Selma chalk.) L.W. Stephenson, collector. mouth Bluff to one-quarter mile south of Plymouth Bluff, Tombigbee River, Miss. (Weathered from base of Solma
one-half miles northeast of Cochrane, Miss., Stones Ferry, Tombighee River, near Alabama, Tennessee, and Northern R. R. bridge. L. W.
L, C, Johnson, collector. . C. Johnson, collector.
(Ripley formation.)
Horizon doubtful.)
L. W. Stephenson, collector.
Stephenson, collector.
hern outskirts of West Point, Miss. L. W. Stephenson, collector.
-half Ala., from gully in field near Jett-Foxtrap road. _L. W. Stephenson, collector. 6884.—Gullies in field of Mr. Terrell, just north of Columbus road, 2 miles due east of West Point, Miss. L. W. Ste 6885,—Gullies on land of H. B. Strong, 5} miles alittle north of east of West Point, Clay County, Miss., on road which turns north from Waverly Ferry road and
leads to Bartons Ferry. 64192-c.—Fairfield Bluff, Tombigbeo River,
enson, collector.
L. W. Stephenson, collector.
R. 19 E. (12 miles east of Brookville, Noxubee County, Miss.).
6421.—One and one-half miles east of Cochrane, Pickens County, Ala., on border of Tombigbee River swamp, at foot of ‘‘Boykins Ridge.” L. W. Stephenson,
Stephenson, collector. 6801 Nee Pearson's place, Houston-Starkillo road, on slope facing Trim Cane Greek, 3 miles northwest of Starkville, Miss, U. W. Stephenson, collector. tasnoy er eaar | ee ni porn at Bug of road leading north, about 44 miles northwest of Cedar Bluff, Miss. L. W. Stephenson, collector. chalk. Reson deseription of x70 tiven above. — Stophonson, collector ae qo SUTBIe 80 Been 8 miles south of Macon, Noxubee County, Miss. 1. W. Stephenson, collector. 6470-—Two miles alittio’: cove r, & quarter of a mile below wagon bridge, Macon, Miss. 1. W. Stephenson, collector. collector.
(478.—Plantation of T. W. 2 10.—Three miles northwest of stacom, Mi oe le-Osborn road, 5 miles n¢
6450, 6921.—Bluff a few hundred yards above the railroad brid; 282, 6451a-c, 6914-0918.—Plymouth Blu 6448.—Vinton Bluil, Tombigbee River, 6449.—Bartons Blufi, Tombigbeo River, in
Cia;
y County,
uf, Tombigbee Ri Miss.
iver,
right bank, about 13 12 miles northeast of Columbus,
at Columbus, Miss. L. W. Stephenson, collector.
iss.
4 to 5 miles northwest of Columbus, Miss. L. C. Johnson and L. W. Stephenson, collectors. miles northwest of Cea
Miss. LL. W. Stephenson, collector. . W. Stephenson, collector.
anil i sit ebony en fi (nono
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. bono alien yes soutilye g TOM) AUOOLTE els bane} « : oj oil 3 ahiio, a6 wil to dele bay «« (aaa Scoala -- Ciena eolt & fa pe sha
Me "no ye iow wrobaw tom 503) Hlemeaeeh Tetra RE ocF va bad) wed hone i er sh
103 amt a Per | bigest atonal lei) Ane o0aoe vad a ae OM ) tomy Hof tek on 20s thea h at MGiss Dae) i Tt 3h} onto ST pve! Sea bd ht reaatat
eget eae wait bate oP ‘ Orn «na SONOM vol) Hines woul kava Ga
sarod \ APRS al v ORie faith TOS pe)
na Mtoe itiv ? a HORORE a Bre ¥ ‘eri Fabel jo 4 ona pias Peaito dan
Die trobway bi. serv SIUM OPA Ta)
Mifen ioe oT ee . Ne ORB OTe ae y
eel
@ formation (Tombigbee sand member).
-
Mortoniceras subzone.
Species.
| rie Bluff. —Choctaw Bluff.
6429a—W olfs Bluff. 6424—F inches Ferry.
Echinodermata: Hemiaster lacunosus Slocum..................----------- Rhizocrinus alabamensis de Loriol.............----.------ Vermes: Hamulus squamosus Gabb...........-...--..-------+---- HOM RPM ODLOM ee ee Soe en cincte nee aibeinn este re mee noe Ife ud yal asae abel eet SPA aidan al Maunnn ee Mollgiscoides sire mee Uitaie we can a i Ck rt ieniMiiimon 0) SUD chs oo Be aoe iNet Ni pach Sisal Rate ae Terebratulina floridana (Morton). -.- FUN HlosalConrade ye asses sees. Mollusca: Cucullza vulgaris Morton .............-.2---.2--.22--205- Ostrea plumosa Morton. ated ORtecticostalGabbeeneere cece rm O. panda Morton... O. larva Lamarck. . O. peculiaris Conrad. O. cretacea Morton O. sp. nov. (found also at Blue Banks Landing, N.C., ete.) . OSpSMOVGverypicceplar) esos secmcitceis insite eieleclisencio es O. sp. nov. (found also at House Bluff, Ala., etc.) . 5a RecmeraK carl sine snsaies | aT Grypheea vesicularis Lamarck........-.....- 54 i Gavomer (Morton) oo 2e 2 eae no. cin G. aucella Roemer. - Exogyra costata Say E. costata var. cancellata Stephenson... .. E. ponderosa Roemer..............----.---- x E. ponderosa var. erraticostata Stephenson. - ‘Trigonia thoracica Morton............-..---- Pecten quindpecostaias MOWeELDYaessieeeee ee PPvenustus Morton. -.-.--------------------
P.? sp. nov. (foun Piusp snow. -- Anomia argen’ PAM SDemO Wee eee ech Set ere mapper aN ir no Pace aaiga| Mahe Sid [Bae ec Aa FPATATIOMIA SCADIAT CMLOLLOID) prea sep sere ee eae ee ee ny Merete aia Ge patos ea Vea ate, Sasa | SMe mT Saha aia Crenella serica Conrad.:......-.---.------- Liopistha protexta Conrad--..-..........-. ealternatanwellera:-ceccsa ets jase ee see Veniella conradi (Morton) - Etea carolinensis Conrad.......---..--...-.- Grassatellitesivad Osa MOnLOme res ie) see eee ee meee dirs NMC Migraine meine so IR peenaT nema iRadiolitesaustinensis| Rocmers se. s seo n ence see Nia cite pin sit s|icamntae lini aman) a Cardium dumosum Conrad.....-.---...-..-. Legumen planulatum (Conrad)....-.........- Corbula carolinensis Conrad...-.........--.--- Panopea decisa Conrad.........--------------- Gastrochzena americana Gabb ......-.-...---- i aue Sealarsillimar GM Orton) ose sr eee Siete eae net Neer nen col Unstone ec Pn OH Cartas ARELISSO LA XG OC LOL Ira Can OMT AC) peeree tse ee arate oe ee ne an te I tener is MBean | ea ea antl nace | ara Gyrodes petrosa (Morton)..-..-.----..-------- Geabyssina (Morton) Sense eee ee eee ese cee Xenophora leprosa (Morton)...----.--.-.-.-.-.- Faee
Turritella vertebroides Morton.......-..--.--... Abas 5 Mitrilina Conrad see erie eee ee ees en soca F a5 Bulla mortoni Forbes..--.--.-.----------- actos fo Nautilus dekayi Morton. . N. pe nov. (large, found
IBACOMMM Tis MOLLOM eee ree eee eee eee eso Scaphites conradi(Morton)..................-- Placenticeras planum Hyatt..................- Hamites torquatus Morton...-..............-. ISDS TOV eee ee Le Belemnitella americana (Morton)........................
| | | |
292, 6438.—Moscow Landing, Tombigbee River, about 14 m, mobile). L.W.S 496, 564, 6796.—Old phosphate pit on land of John Wi Bore eae RE aSC ns collector: LC. Tobreonscollaete p 9 pi and of John Wiatt, m| L. W. Stephenson, collector. 0 and Anes Coe be rat) Sbeat 24 miles southeast (or -—Livingston-Coatopa road, about 2 miles southeast of yy" 7 Ces ae road, near bridge over Sucarnoc Fest cay: Sion odor: collector collector. I ear ° 6801.—Livingston-Curls Station road, about a mile south Of! hense Deana HOE 5400, 6802.—Livingston-Curls Station road, about three-q uy i pears Cree Ta: Stephenson collector. .—Livingston-Epes road, from one-half to 14 miles no 6795.—Linden-Gallion road, 9} miles north of Linden and 8| Fe nets on collec to TOR Eee Blut, Tombigbee River, about 9 tormation). 1. W. Stephenson, collector. 6303.—Livingston-Epes road, 3} miles northeast of Living, ,, w_. Stephe 11 6804.—Livingston-Epes road, 4} miles northeast of Livin FA GU oe cos eee ee " ve —Near Benign Landing, Tombigbee River, emits | fyi Ge senpsontand ti We Gtepmensen, collector. 6435a-D, 6931.—Bluff on Tombigbee River, Demopolis, Ala. DR°RS°™ Collector.
105°—No, 81—14, (To face page 24.) N
Taste 5.—Range of Cretaceous fossils, region of Warrior and Tombigbee rivers, Ala.
[Area 5 on sketch map, fig. 2, p. 24.]
Selma chalk.
Eutaw formation (Tombigbee sand member).
Exogyra costata zone.
Exogyra ponderosa zone.
Ss |s a ila les s q |e z ; z A m 5 3 | j I g 5 | 5 3 é q a Mortoniceras subzone, Fi d | 3 |. 14, [cae | 2 2 ioe te a eines z oe 3 ae) ae ag (Fg |e /< | = |g | delta] 2 | 2 | gala » |2 | 3/68 Geet esac 38 = a3 3 4 3 sé & 3 3 | Teo . a 3 = a é =| =| Ss chalk or top a = BS 3 a8 3 ea | a 88 | ag | & | @ | fe | ee) S | & | ee] es |g | 8 Ne Weel Et es Wa at) Pe le le gE . St St $e as =] g EI E 2 go Z 2 s 3 E] ~o = | formation, 2 3 $j co) z 88 | 3 we | Be S| ga 2 gq | 28 4 q FI Se | gl] a 8 | 8a | ¢@ | 48 | A > Ee a = Seq | & | E/E]. [Bel Se] ele] 2 | 2 lee] aa| a | 4 Pee Gla |e i ces oe Mss lee Vee egeoteea]i a cileaellecenlie Be || Bro | a x es f g 2 3 F gq |< 3 Ps ‘ ee eee title le lal’ Pree Tie lela eq? aa iieiey: au cI es 3 | eat 3 =a) L Bid |e a\¢ less 3 | *3 | s 2ie|s g | shes |e 2 | 25 aa |& 4 ag |S28/8 |& | a |5 | 2 z2|2 | 8 |=38| 2 g | 2| 8 3 Als |e Sz | $/2/)2 |e ie a) § |gs8 3
Echinodermata: Hemiaster lacunosus Slocum... Rhizocrinus alabamensis de Loriol_
Mollusca: a Cucullea vulgaris Morton - Ostrea plumosa Morton. 0. tecticosta Gabb 0. panda Morton. 0. larva Lamarck. O. peculiaris Conrad. O. cretacea Morton. - 0. sp. noy.(found also at Blue Banks Landing, N. C., ete. O. sp, nov. (very irregular).-.......-.-.....-
found also at ous Bluff, Ala., ete.)
E. ponderosa Roemer......---...... E. ponderosa var. erraticostata Stephe ‘Trigonia thoracica Morton........- Pecten quinquecostatus Sowerby. P. venustus Morton..-.....-- Plicatula urticosa (Morton). P.? sp. noy. (found at Dem P.sp, Nov..------- Anomia argentaria A.sp.moy.....--.- Paranomia scabra ( Crenella serica Conrad - Liopistha protexta Co! L. diterna Weller__ Veniella conradi (Mo Etea carolinensis Conrad Crassatellites vadosa Morton. Radiolites austinensis Roemer. Cardium dumosum Conrad. - men planulatum (Conrad) Corbula carolinensis Conrad - Panopea decisa Conrad. --..- Gastrochmna americana Gabb - Scala sillimani (Morton)... -- Gree catalina Conrad) : es petrosa (Morton) - © ahyssna Moron aa ‘enophora leprosa (Morton) - Tarritella yertebroides Morton. ‘T. trilira Conrad.....-
KKK KKK
thtas tippaensis Conrad. B. carinatus Morton.
a The numbers are the collection numbers of the U. 8. Geological Survey; the collections are in the U. S. National Museum.
292, 6438.—Moscow Landing, Tombigbee River, about 14 miles below Demopolis, Ala., in Sumter County. L.C. Johnson and L. W. Stephe , collectors, i, an 564, into phosphate pit on land of John Wiatt, now owned by J. W. McCarty, 1} miles west Bl Contanes Sumter County, Ala. L. W. Stephenson and . ©. Johnson, collectors. 6797.—Livingston-Coatopa road, about 24 miles southeast of Livingston, Ala. From bald spot. L. W. Stephenson, collector. 6798.—Livingston-Coatopa road, about 2 miles southeast of Livingston, Sumter County, Ala. From bald 5 oe L. W. Stephenson, collector. 6799.—Livingston-Ramsey road, near bridge over Sucarnochee Creek, one-half mile north of courthouse at Livingston, Sumter County, Ala.
collector. CRETE mn-Curls Riston a Bbont a aus south of the Son OU se: at pate tetony Ala. L. W. Stephenson, collector. — wines -Curl ion ri al rs of a mile south of the courthouse at Livin; 5 at v Ack stip ; io calor i ‘a ie Wc at Livingston, Ala., and just south of the bridge over — iton-Epes r rom one-] les northeast of Livingston, . Weathered from Sel: halk. L. W. 6795. —Linden-Gallion road, 1) miles north of Linden and 8 or 9 miles south of Galion. From Selma chalk bald spot, iL W. ag epnemson, collector. ame eee Bh , Tombigbee River, about 9 miles below Demopolis, Marengo County, Ala. T. Wayland Vaughan, L. W. Stephenson, and L. C. yhnso} rs.
6803, -Livingston- -Epes road, 3} miles northeast of Livingston, Sumter County, Ala. Roadside exposure. L. W. 6804.—Livin, eect road, 4} miles northeast of Livingston, Sumter County Ala. Roadside 33 i e. ‘. W. Bee Sep eera calcetor:
role: —Near Simmons Landing, Tombigbee River, Sumter County, Als, (2212 miles above Mobile), about 7 miles aloe Demopolis, Ala, L, W. Stephenson, 6435a-b, 6931.—Bluff on Tombigbee River, Demopolis, Ala. ‘T. W. Vaughan and L. W. Stephenson, collectors.
105°—No, 81—14. (To face page 24.) No, 4
L. W. Stephenson,
6434.—Bluff on Warrior River, Ala., near plant of Portland Cement Co., a mile east of Demopolis, Ala. (237 miles above Mobile). L. W. Stephenson, collector.
6805.—A bout 6 miles north of Livingston, Ala., on road leading north from Livingston-Epes road. Roadside exposure. L. W. Stephenson, collector.
6806.—Jones Bluff, RiomniG be River, Sumter County, Ala., near Epes. L. W. Stephenson, collector.
6433.—Backbone Bar Blufi, Warrior River, Greene County, Ala. (239} miles above Mobile). L. W. Stephenson, collector.
6431.—Upper end of bluff opposite Lake Bend Bar, Warrior River, Greene County, Ala. (254 miles above Mobile). L. W. Stephenson, collector.
6432a-c.—Hatchs Bluff, Warrior River, Hale County, Ala. (244 miles above Mobile), a mile below mouth of Big rairie Creek, L. W. Stephenson, collector.
6430.—Right bank of Warrior River below Dupheys Landing in Greene Cnr Ala. (about 262 miles above Mobile). L. W. Stephenson, collector.
6429b.—Wolfs Bluff, Warrior River, Hale County, aes Cee miles above Mobile). (Base of Selma chalk.) L. W. Stephenson, collector.
6427.—Stephens Bluff, Warrior River, Greene County, Ala. (278) miles above Mobile). L.
6397.—Choctaw Bluff, Warrior River, Ala. L. W. Stephenson, collector.
6398.—One mile north of Choctaw Bluff, near Selma chalk-Eutaw line. Weathered out of Selma chalk near road. L. W. Stephenson, collector.
273.—Choctaw Bluff, Warrior River, Ala. (Base of Selma chalk or top of Eutaw yorraabiony) L. C. Johnson, collector.
6428b.—Erie Bluff, Warrior River, Hale County, Ala, (267} miles above Mobile). (Base of Selma chalk or top of Eutaw formation). 1. W. Stephenson, collector.
64292.—See description of 64296, given above.
6428, 6428, 6932.—Derie Blutf, Warrior River, Hale County, Ala. (267} miles above Mobile). maa 318, 6425¢.—Choctaw Bluff, Warrior River, Greeno County, Ala., 4 miles south of Eutaw (279} miles above Mobile). L.C. Jo!
co rs. 6424.—Finches Ferry, Warrior River, Greene County, Ala., 3 miles east of Hutaw (287} miles above Mobile).. L. W. Stephenson, collector.
W. Stephenson, collector.
'T. Wayland Vaughan and L. W. Stephenson, collectors. son and L. W. Stephenson,
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Echinodermata:
Vermes: Molluscoidea:
Mollusca:
‘ sand member).
Cassidulus subquadratus Conrad ........----------]....--|------|.-----]------ Hemiaster lacunosus Slocum......----------------]..-.--|------
Species.
141—Bluegut Creek near Selma.
147—East of Kenan’s mill.
149—Ravine on Valley Creek.
6441—Old Hamburg.
142—Near Selma. | 321—Near Old Hamburg.
Hamulus onyx Morton... ....----------------------]---.--|------|------|------
Moerebratulinaifloridanas (Morton) se\as--=)--aisiyicisiecied sees = = | eaatclete | esac sieeetia lence | see eects iNuculaypercrassa| Conrad sen seen 22 acrinf emcees |eeeitin | eeanen| seem cll steele = anne) cate cte @ucnillssabvillparisi Mortons eee ae eet | eee cle | eee eens |e men [Canes va cae C. antrosa Morton. ....--..----- oobgebeuncosnesescd ladnesl Hscssel ppesde Al sateen 3 emeniiy Glycy:meris|subaustralis (d’Orbigny)) .-.-- ----2---) 2220222 tee he ci fee ee]. eee. Ostrea subspatulata Forbes.......----------------].--...]------!.----- O. plumosa Morton. Daan O. tecticosta Gabb. - O.cretacea Morton. Os panda) Mortone = 22s. fe eeee 22-2] O. larva Lamarck.... epee ese TaCEOSO CEE [Seman beers O. peculiaris Conrad - - - - rae Sa a eects ase tual | DR OI: of diluviana a ala = Aeesoe is . Sp. Nov. (very irregular)....--.------ O. sp. nov. rend at House Bluff, Ala., e Gryphea vesicularis Lamarck.....-.- G. vomer (Morton)....--------- G. aucella Roemer --- Boae Ba Exogyra costata Say me | cae be | a eed E. costata var. cancellata Stephenson. ml | Soe eetal hcl ea Petre ane 9] PRbienn en [Ohare | tay te oe E. ponderosa Roemer. ......-------------- coda : Berayan DeNiees 4 E. ponderosa var. erraticostata Stephemson...-----].._...)......] X |----- xX Trigonia thoracica Morton........--.-------- real [sts tmeael Me poreacod Nusa [eer S| [Vs | Lesa A Pecten quinquecostatus Sowerby -----------------|......].....-|....-.|----- P. burlingtonensis Gabb -------------------------- Plicatula urticosa (Morton)......------------------ Lima sp. (cf. L. pelagica Morton). ..---.----------- L. acutilineata (Conrad).-.....--..-------------+-+ L. sp. nov. (found at Old Canton Landing, Ala., e4 Anomia argentaria Morton.......----------------- Liopistha protexta Conrad . O00 (eNalternata \wiellers=-cs-s-------- =< 95-3 =~ == Veniella conradi (Mor' Crassatellites vadosa Morton... nea | Bday ne we | cee «| Carae Radiolites austinensis Roemer. Bea [ny Remeona Ie : Ay Se Cardium spillmani Conrad.........-.--------- Legumen planulatum (Conrad)....-..------------ Gastrochena americana Gabb ...-..------------- Delphinula lapidosa Morton......-..-..--------- Perissolax octolirata (Conrad) -.....------------ Scala sillimani (Morton) .-...------------------ Gyrodes petrosa (Morton)....---.----------- G. abyssina (Morton).........--------------- Xenophora leprosa (Morton) ......---------- Turritella vertebroides Morton. ...------------
Nautilus dekayi Morton.....-...--.---.---------- fl
N. sp. nov. (large, found also at Plymouth Bluff, M]_
Baculites tippaensis Conrad.....-.-.------------
B.carinatus Morton....-.--.----------
B. anceps Lamarck?.......------------
B.columna Morton......--..---------
Basper Morton e252 -)--+------------
B. labyrinthicus Morton....-.---------
Scaphites conradi (Morton). -
Placenticeras guadalupze (Roemer) xX
P. planum Hyatt.....------------- ah Seba] [Sere | [eta | S82
Mortoniceras texanum (Roemer) (var.? Baer | espana | aac aae tl Pata ol (6 comics AS x
Hamites torquatus Morton.......-.------- H. sp. nov. (found also at Moscow Landing, , Belemnitella americana (Morton) ......-.--------
ee eee ye 8, R. 10, east of ee tlowv alle, 62 are probably from a horizon corresponding to that attephenson, collector. (These fossils occur Fe a Pe eee ee as - matrix t b t LG MAREN “i Oe aE aAe pea AD ayslce SO. 6791.—Roc , Alabama River, about a 15829 apply here also. 6794.—Shell Bluff on Shell Creek (or Prairie {ynson, collector. Parenthetical remarks Prairie Bluff road. L. W. Stephenson, collector. 6790, 6792.—Rocky Bluff, Alabama River, abou Ripley formation.) ay Siena collector. 180.— Butte on natural moun ount Jones, Nétephenson, coll 2 6524. —Ono-third of a mile below the Janding at dire eens 6823.—Alabama River, just below railroad bridgieast of Selma by the wag Ge ABR ANTS 64422.—Alabama River, House Bluff, about 12 Seas Se a sania 6446.—The Henderson place, 23 or 3 miles sout: its normal position and thus preserved from erosioN{of Selma). L. W. Stephenson, collector. 6447.—Adam Ensen’s place, about 2 miles south4son, collector. its oral position oad yes pEenyen a OM —Field just east of cut of Louisville & Ni formation. L.W. Stephenson, collector. contact between the Tombigbee sand member of i Cea INNER
105°—No. 81—14. (To face page |
Taste 6.— Range of Cretaceous fossils, region of Alabama River, Ala.¢
[Area 6 on sketch map, fig. 2, p. 24.)
Selma chalk, Selma chalk.
Transition beds of Eutaw formation to Selma chalk. Eutaw formation (Tombigbes sand member).
Exogyra costata zone.
Exogyra ponderosa zone.
Mortoniceras subzone.
Species. 3 3 Ey
Ea We : Sx 3 & g A g ¥ 3 g z| 2 EI E g 2 a 3 a = a 6 ie 2 a a ay I 5 3 Sip | se |e ie | mm |e & BPE | ee Nae, free = FN dees Weer ed ieee 3 2/8 2 g
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6446—Henderson place.
3 ae a & S yn 4 4 "aa (ey S I 8 5 ‘ g peieealee a il” 4 \e\a SE WE BE | le E Ht | Brite 2 a g 4 ay E a a 3 a IM ° s c & e A ae q 5 2 = EI d BP | 2 a \s ga|2 g\a4 is z I A Pod set g4 | Od q ad it a elt es c= BS, |Falo4| ¢)3)e |Sa] 481 8 BR Jase Fl || cf] El | eel || |] = SW ee Wet WEEE ell el he | SEH] El |S q =| FI A | 3a a ga S 2 EW a BSR eeilse | ge lee | oe | eli lig q | S58 i) cy sf 5 a) 2 2 |gls |#a\e s | 8 ie a 2SG) Gye We WE EN eh a PN | EE Wee | Fs Wee |e | & I rey} a ms . =) 5 = BE P = 4 2 3] a a a LT SU cen SU ni EN Sr nme Mea Wi eT Ea ali a ¥ a QS igs 2 ~ 3 zs ~ SES ey ies Seales al || “| 3 eee] 8 |/8 12 13 | S/S |S |e |F/e8
Echinodermata: Cassidulus subquadratus Conrad - Hemiaster lacunosus Slocum. -... Vermes:
TEAM TG Re beeen seen eseceaoe a0 soe s6 ya eSee SEE Ee Sere ay BoSeesee Reaoose4 | goeee sd poscoscd bacosed boos ood BS. [Peeeeced beste ced boaccosd beccoced Koacesad ha: soosd baonsced beseoced beeemced Peneeeed heesseesd Heembeed beoesoss besseere hanoemad |. Bs eer el ence
Molluscoidea:
‘Perebratulina floridana (Morton). ..-....---..-..--.-----------------fe-------| 2% | KK | Kae nen e| ene e ee e]e ne eee e elon e ef ene ee] eee enn n |e ee een nano a |e eee ee nda nee cead peceeatel lh aoceend bascasce| Pascoe beconcod| beocetss hoceees | beeaeced| easrorce| Peascosrd beac
Mollusca: Nucula pererassa Conrad... Cucullea vulgaris Morton ©, antrosa Morton. ..... > pa----=-|=-=--=~ Glycymeris subaustralis ( = | Ostrea subspatulata Forbes O, plumosa Morton O. tecticosta Gabb-
O.cretacea Morton.
O. sp. Noy. (very irregular). O. sp. noy. (found at House Gryphiea vesicularis Lamarck G. yomer (Morton).
G. aucella Roeme
Lima sp. (cf. L. pelagica Morton). L. acu oe (Conrad) paso »:
G. aby: Xenophora leprosa (Morton)......-..---------.--.---------.--------]-------- 4 < vertebroides Morto S| | in es
orad >
Nautilus dekayi Morto) N.sp. nov, (large, found Baculites tippaensis Conrad B. carina’ irton.
xx
guadal VERT Hest ace Soe Se
[o} texanum (Roemer) (yar.?) Hamites torquatus Morton........... H. sp. nov. (found also at Moscow Landing, Ala., etc.) Belemnitella americana (Morton) .......---..-
P. planum Morto
| |
172.—Sec. 24, T.13, R. 10, east of Carlowville, southwest of Minter, Ala. L.C.Johnson, collector. (Although the d locality is i are ay from a horizon corresponding to that at Old Canton Landing and in the upper part of Prairie Blut) a ASeerIB on of this os neti teule osela 10.—The ‘Larry Dawson” bluff on Alabama River, just above f Tearup Creek. L. C. Jo! mn, collector. [Apparently a mixture of several
. W.8.) ), 6789.—Alabama River, Old Canton Landing, Wilcox pone on about ee aie sepa mouth of Pine Barren Creek. 1, W. Stephenson, collector. S701 Rockey Bluff, Alal .C. Johnson and L. W. Stephenson, collectors.
iba L 6794.—Shell Bie on Shell Creek (or ein Creek), 5 miles southeast of Catherine, Wilcox County, Ala., a few hundred yards below bridge of Catherine- Jabama River, about a mile above Prairie Bluff Landing, Wilcox County, Ala. (From gray marine sand forming lower part of blufl; 180.—Butte on natural mound, Mount Jones, near Portland, Ala. Sec. 12, T. 13, R.9. (Horizon doubtful.) L. C. Johnso: 6824.—One-third of a mile below the landing at Cahaba, Alabama River, Dallas Coun Ree L.W. Baia cae yaoleotor:
6823.—Alabama River, just below railroad bridge at Selma, Dallas County, Ala. L. W. Stephenson, collector.
From base of Selma chalk.) L. W. Stephenson, collector. 6446.—The Henderson place, 2) or 8 miles south of ep, ja From beds near (ee of Selma chalk. ani isa block of Selma chalk faulted down below 5
105°—No, 81—14. (To face page 24.) No, 5.
@ The numbers are the collection numbers of the U. S. Geological Survey; the collections are in the U. S. National Museum.
307.—Alabama River, Morgans Landing, Autauga County, Ala. L. C. Johnson, collector.
6820.—In field one-half milo west of Kenan’s milland 3 or 3} miles northwest of Selma, Dallas County, Ala. L, W. Stephenson, collector. (These fossils occur weathered from beds near the contact between the Tombigbee sand member of the Hutaw formation and the overlying Selma chalk, and doubtless a part of them came from tho few feet of transition beds betweon the two formations. However, some specimens are shown by the adhering matrix to come from beds beneath the transition beds, and these are indicated in the table as coming from a lower horizon.)
141.—From Bluegut Creek near Selma, Ala. L.C. Johnson, collector. Parenthetical remarks under 6829 apply here also.
142.—Southeast part of sec. 18, T. 17, R. 12) near Selma, Ala. L.C. Johnson, collector. Parenthotical remarks under 6829 apply here also. E
Rae prom ane of ravine In the NW. } sec. 14 on Valley Creek, 2} miles northwest of Selma, Ala. 1. C. Johnson, collector. Parenthetical remarks
under apply here also.
$2L,—Near Hamburg, eet) Ala. L.C. Johnson, collector. Parenthetical remarks under 6829 apply here also.
265.—Prairies of Massillon, Dallas County, Ala. Gi se from the containing strata.) LL. C. Johnson, collector.
0833.—Cut of the Louisville & Nashville 'R ., 2 miles southwest of the Union Station at Montgomery, Ala. L. W. Stephenson, collector.
6442b.—Same locality as 6442a, described above, but from a lower stratum.
176, 302, 6830, 6831.—Batte Smith Bluff, Alabama River, about 14 miles above Selma, Ala., by the river, and 10 miles east of Selma by the wagon road. L. W. Stephenson and L. C. Johnson, collectors.
203.—Cunninghams Bluff, Alabama River. L. ©. Johnson, collector.
6828.—F'rom oyster ledges, in ravine one-half mile west of ‘Kenan’s mill, Dallas County, Ala. (3 or 3) miles northwest of Selma). LL. W. Stephenson, collector.
147.—Surface, secs. 12 and. 13, south of Valley Creek, east of Kenan’s mill, 3 miles northeast of Selma, Ala. L. C. Johnson, collector.
12—Valley Creek near Selma, Ala, L. C. Johnson, collector.
6441.—Public road one-half mile east of Old Hamburg, Perry County, Ala. Top of Tombigbee sand momber of Eutaw formation. L. W. Stephenson, collector.
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Vermes: Serpula cretaceal(Conrad) sss sso eh eee eee cee tamulus onyx Morton. oe H. squamosus Gabb... ai Ts loafer (EE }0) ys Sub cRooeacospnocndduacsnUSbaGaLSEedsHasd | Mollusca: | Nucula percrassa Conrad N. eufalensis Gabb..-...-- Leda longifrons Conrad. ep inns formar Gap Djyssesesaieces cect see sal Trigonoarca maconensis (Conrad) Breviarca cuneata (Gabb el Nemodon sp. nov. (found also at Blufftown, Ga., etc.)-. Barbatia lintea Conrad............--..------- y Gervilliopsis ensiformis (Conrad). Ostrea tecticosta Gabb.......-.-- OSplumosaMorton. 2525 4--2----/-+- O. peculiaris Conrad < O. sp. nov. (found also at Blue Banks Landing, O. sp. nov. Gryphea vesicularis Lamarck..........--.-.--- ie GYaucellaiRoemen-i-j ac sais eee ee eee aE Hxopyraicostatai Saye ceneeses ss -- ccc cose == 2) mNponderosasomerse coe eee fees see tse S| Pecten argillensis Conrad......-.-.-.-.------- Pesimplicius|Conrad yy eeenee neces le P. quinquecostatus Sowerby......-.----.------ P. sp. nov. (found also at Snow Hill, N. C., etc.). Mimajreticulata Morhesi- ----2.- = <2 2- -n-- a= Anomia argentaria Morton. Bee AWornataGabb)-esses ses wenese ene seeneecas osae A.sp. nov. (found also at Snow Hill, N. C., etc.)- A.sp. (cf. A. lintea Conrad) Crenella serica Conrad........--.-.- a Pholadomya occidentalis Morton ........- Cymella bella Conrad......--.-.--------- Liopistha protexta Conrad. . L. sp. (aff. L. alternata Welle Veniella conradi (Morton). Etea carolinensis Conrad... Eriphyla conradi (Whitfield Crassatellites carolinensis Conrad =e C. sp. nov. (found also at Roods Bend, Ala.-Ga., etc.) - Scambula peruiana Conrad ase Sis Pea ae Lucina glebula Conrad.......--.-.-.-----2.-- Tenea pinguis (Conrad).......-.-..-.-------- Cardium spillmani Conrad...........-------- C#eifanlense Conrade 95. een eee Chalabamense|GabDeee sen teseeee ee eee Tsocardia sp. (cf. I. cliffwoodensis Weller). .-. Cyprimeria depressa Conrad ..........-...-.- Aphrodinalregial Conradeee es es se 2 ees Cyclothyris alta Conrad...) .-.-...------.22- Legumen planulatum (Conrad).-........---..-- Baroda carolinensis Conrad........-.----------- Linearia ? ornatissima Weller........-.-------- Leptosolen biplicata (Conrad).........---.------ Schizodesma appressa Gabb....-...-..----------- Corbula crassiplica Gabb...-...--------------+--- C. carolinensis Conrad... ...- Dentalium ripleyanum Gabb. os Lunatia obliquata Meek and Hayden. Gyrodesicrenata|Conrad 2 yey ee 2k eee Anurritellartrilira Conrad wemeue nee nisl cfnm ene TR qQuadriliray ohusoneses sees ee eee eneee eee Scaphitesiconrada) (Morton) se ene eee as Sphenodiscus lenticularis (Owen).--...------------------
6783.—Cut of Louisville & Nashville R. R. 13 miles nort collector. | 6784.—Cut of Louisville & Nashville R. R. 14 miles north of | 6785.—Cut of Louisville & Nashville R. R. 2 miles north of 1 6786.—Cut of Atlantic Coast Line R. R. one-fourth mile no} son, collector. 6787.—One-fourth to one-half mile east of Orion, Pike Coun 6815-6819.—West end of Centralof Georgia Ry. cut, one: Stephenson, collector. 6820.—‘Conecuh Falls,’’ Union Springs, Bullock County, / 6821.—Cut of Central of Georgia Ry. 24 miles west of Union, 6822.—Cut of Central of Georgia Ry. 24 miles west of Union 6314.—Cut of Central of Georgia Ry. 12 miles southwest of 1
105° —No. 81—14. (To face page 24.) N
Taste 7.—Range of Cretaceous fossils in the region of Chunnenugga Ridge, etc., Ala.
[Area 7 on sketch map, fig. 2, p. 24.]
Ripley formation. Eutaw formation (Tombigbee sand member). Exogyra costata zone. Exogyra ponderosa zone. Extreme top of zone. q b 3 3 & & 4 2 4 ie Mortoniceras subzone. ae celes eon imen cel ramos ley le ¢ F STE |e =
alte deo lle WSS 18 |e ds des |e eee te aes es
beste See eel | Sl le a | a Be He | Be | a 2 | ea ile. | a. | 8 Tele tell R LE |e |B |e lle lal le |B BLE Is |S > A ; = = 2. = Ss Ss = oe ae S s|4 ead Ea i g a | 24 s s “= se | Ba A aS 33] 33 | 4 oo : ; Se z 2 2 5; FF 3 Ba | ag | & 4 so | 35 | 35 is tal ag |e |e PRS |S | ae |tal = | & S| as || se a |) 28 || 33 | ee | Be |) Sie =f .' id ; ad § g as pees ze fee lee a is Bae dg as eg |e ice a” | e6 | 26 | 25 | cr | <8 Ie fe | og || © 3iT/4 a q | se | 38 | se 4 He | de || ae | a ae Re ae edt eh teem leeds Wetaanlae |e? ¢ | ti |7é | #2 as ge] de] dey 5 | 22 4 a j = ie las e | sels a i ese 5 |5 |5 |5 5 | 22 ie | es || Si (0320 |e nee len ees
Vermes: Serpula cretacea (Conrad) . Uamulus onyx Morton H. squamosus Gabb-. H. major Gabb---
Mollusca:
Nucula percrassa Conrad. . N-. eufalensis Gabb-... Leda longifrons Conrad. L. pinnaforma Gabb.. Trigonoarca maconensis (Conrad) Breviarca cuneata (Gabb)......- Nemodon sp. nov. (found also at Blufftown, Ga., etc.)_ Barbatia lintea Conrad. ........ Gervilliopsis ensiformis (Conrad). Ostrea tecticosta Gabb :| LO), eh) OTs sec cgatace tag Gosacoe So Ooe ao So SESS ence Bone Epona sonore nnecenenerenoed Ramee O. peculiaris Conrad - 4
at sp. noy. (found also at Blue Banks Landing, N. C., ete.
Anomia argentaria Morton. A. ornata Gabb ---...--. A. sp. noy. (found also at A. sp. (cf. A. lintea Conrad) Crenella serica Conrad. Pholadomya occident Cymella bella Conrad. . Liopistha protexta Conrad.
tel C. sp. nov. (found also at Roods Bend, Ala.-Ga. Scambula perplana Conrad. Lucina glebula Conrad. Tenea pinguis (Conrad) Cardium spillmani Conrad. C. eufaulense Conrad. C. alabamense Gabb. Isocardia sp. (cf. I. cliffwoodensis Weller) Cyprimeria depressa Conrad - Aphrodina regia Conrad. .
Corbula crassiplica Gabb. C. carolinensis Conrad... . Dentalium ripleyanum Gabb- Lunatia obliquata Meek and Hayden - Gyrodes crenata Conrad... gi | eI IT eed | ees en CaaS ‘Turritella trilira Conrad. |
T. quadrilira Johnson... Scaphites conradi (Morton). 3 ES Sphenodiseus lenticularis (Owen) 5 ee eg eal bea BSCS rs [eee ed
@ The numbers are the collection numbers of the U. S. Geological Survey; the collections are in the U. S. National Museum.
6783.—Cut of Louisville & Nashville R. R. 19 miles north of Fort Deposit, Lowndes County, Ala. L. W. Stephenson, 6813.—Cut of Central of Georgia Ry.3 miles northeast of Hurtsboro, Russell County, Ala. L. W. Stephenson, collector. collector. Be 6812.—Central of Georgia Ry. bridgea mile southwest of Hatchechubbee, Russell County, Ala.
6784.—Cutof Lonisville & Nashville R. R. 1} miles north of Fort Deposit, Lowndes County, Ala, L. W.Stephenson, collector. 6811.—Cut of Seaboard Air Line Ry. one-half mile west of Hooks, Russell County, Ala. L. W. Ste henson, collector.
6785.—Cut of Louisville & Nashville R. R.2 milesnorthof Fort Deposit, Lowndes County, Ala. L. W. Stephenson, collector. 6445.—Tuskegee-Fort Davis road about 6 miles south of Tuskeges, in Macon County, Ala. L. W. Stephenson, collector.
Wi are of Atlantic Coast Line R. R. one-fourth mile north of Naftel Station, Montgomery County, Ala. L. W. Stephen- si Coe of Central of Georgia Ry. one-half mile northeast of Hatchechubbee, Russell County, Ala. L. W. Stephenson, son, collector. collector.
6787.—One-fourth to one-half mile east of Orion, Pike County, Ala., in road leading east. L. W. Stephenson, collector. 6827.—Cut of Central of Georgia Ry.5 miles southwest of Sealo, Russell County, Ala, (25th milepost from Columbus, Ga.).
6815-6819.—West end of Central of Georgia Ry. cut, one-half mile west of Union Springs, Bullock County, Ala. L. W. L. W. Stephenson, collector. Stephenson, collector. . 6826,—Cut of Central of Georgia Ry. 3} miles southwest of Seale, Russell County, Ala. L. W. Stephenson, collector.
6820.— Conecuh Falls,’ Union Springs, Bullock County, Ala. L. W. Stephenson, collector. 6808.—Wagon bridge over Hatchechubbee Creek one-half mile south of Pittsview, Russell County, Ala. LW. Stephenson,
6521.—Cut of Central of Georgia Ry. 24 miles west of Union Springs, Bullock County, Ala. 1. W. Stephenson, collector. collector. 6822.—Cut of Central of Georgia Ry. 24 miles west of Union Springs, Bullock County, Ala. L. W. Stephenson, collector. 6809-6810.—Seaboard Air Line Ry., at bridge over Hatchechubbee Creek, 2 miles west of Pittsview, Russell County, Ala. 6814.—Cut of Central of Georgia Ry. 1} miles southwest of Hurtsboro in Bullock County, Ala. L. W. Stephenson, collector. L. W. Stephenson, collector.
105°—No, 81—14, (To face page 24.) No. 6.
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‘Tasre 8.—Range of Cretaccous fossils, Chaliahoochee River and Georgia. [Area § on sketeh map, MF-2, p.24.)
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‘a The numbers are the collection numbers of the U. 8. Geological Survey; the collections arv in tho U. 8, National Muscum.
(205. —Chattahooches River, right bank, 1} miles above Othos Landing, Henry Coun! . We {59 —Chattahechen River hile Delow tho math of Pataaa Crk. Stanton Gallia” \ePheTO”/ olletar
‘576a—Crodilio’s mil}, Pataula Creek, about o mile above the Narrows,” Clay County, Ga. Otto Veatch, collector. euqhia Baas Patnna Cred, Clay County, Ga at tho "Narrows," 2 malin above junc with Chattahocches Tver and 9 mils north of Fort Gaines. 1... ‘SS5.—Chattahoochee River, at mouth of Pataula Creek, Ga. T-W. Stanton, collector.
itbank. T.AV. Stanton and L. W. Stephenson, collectors.
‘River, $6, 022 Crattahoochee Hlver, Alaranders Landing, 5 miles below E fi Creek, left bank, and 10 miles below Eutsuls, Als, L,W, Stephenson,
Als, 10 4 miles above mouth of Wel
800. —Chattahooches River, one-half mile {a mile) below the mouth of Barbour Creek. T.W., Stantot \Mlector. faxi—One hundred and thirty-ninth milepost of Cantral of Georgia Ty, quitman County, Go. [About 6 alles southeast of Eutanls, Alu—L.W. 8.) Otto
Oe }—Chattahoocheo River, between Eufaula and Barbour Creek, 2 miles below E1 1589995, Ee 00a Ale _s,C: Jona, W. F. Copeland, FW. Sita, sand LW Gtepheaate, oalestors. Mercers MAI Creak, Central of Georgie Tot Tear Georgetown, Ga. L-W. Stephenson, fs $S51—Georpulgwn-Cotnion roa, o mile south of Colin, Guy ana just wai of br pver suudl ers "L. W. Stephenson, collector. mat 14 of ton, Ga, In deep fully Just north of road leading east to Eufsuls-Lumpkin road. Collected 100 feet below level of road, 1. W.
Bt Cal a j—Jobnsons ss, etlsoy ie epsens mls south of Lumpkin, Stewart County, Ga, _Oito Veatch and LW: Stephenson, cli
‘02.—Bivens plantation on Dry Creek, ates Gest of Pinetih ‘Marion Count McCall 3s Slane baay Cres, asi of vena Vista Afarioh County, AW Meal colteton = ‘Dear! ‘of Georgia Ry, bt ‘across Ninchfooné r, 5 miles northwest of Busna Vista, Marion County, Go. 8.W, McCallie,
(42—J. LB. Usry's mili, 7 miles north of Elisvill Gs., and one-half milo lurray crossroads. Nenson,
9 Corot Anant, diraingna Aino Taller north of Weal, Gas, LW Stephen, calosion ee eer.
wale anton onesie. Ver iebt bank, opposite mouth of Hurstahatchee Cresk, about 6} miles nboye Eufanla in Darbour County, Ala. L.W. Stephenson Contes Creek, Het bank, 30) yards ators Junction with Chattabooche River, arbour County, Als. L,W, Stephenson, collector,
105°—No, 81—14. (To face page 24.) No.7.
intidholt=Chatahoocheo River, let bank, Roods Lower Bend, Just below the mouth of Soapstone Cre, Stewart County, Ga, 124 miles above Enfsola, Als. ,.W. Stephenson, collector.
‘5306, b402-—<Chattahoosheo River, Woolrldgo Landing (Upper Roods Tend), 13} miles above Eufaula, in Darbour County, Als. LW. Stephenson, collector, S381'—Duena Vista-Tazewell rosd, about 4 miles northeast of Buena Visto, Ga., on south-facing slope of Richland Creek valley. 1,. WV. Stephenson, collector, $595, 6401 —Chattahoochea Tliver, bialf at Florence, Stewart County, Ga. 'L.\. Stphenson, collector, x cot igs —Chattabooshea River, ius at Blusltown, ‘Gs,, 314 miles below Columbus, Stewart County, Gs. (70 to 0 fect abaye hase of section). 1..W. Stephenson, as S304 — Chattahoochee River, one-elghth of a mile below the bridge near Omaha (Seaboard Air Line Ry.) and about 37 miles below Columbus, Ga. 1. W. Stephen-
Hi I. 15392, (405 —Chattahooches River, bluf! at Bluiltown, Stewart County, Ga,, 314 miles telow Columbus, Ga. (Lower part of bluff.) ‘T. W, Stanton and
ots, L. W. Staphionson, collectors. soul: Columtiue Lumpkin road, soath ade, about 18 or 18} miles south of Columbus, Ga, near Jamestown, Chattahonchee County, Ga. LW. Stephenson
Isctor. ‘30—Onchalf milo northwest of Cusseta, Ga., {n cut of Seaboard Air Line Ry. LW. Stephenson, collector. SS —Two and onehal miles northwest of Cuseta, Go, in cut of Seaboard Alt Line iy, (al LW. 15390, 6400.—Chattahoochea River, Banks Landing, Stewart County, Go. 26} miles below Colum! S-—Planters Landing, 25 mile below Columbus, Ga. let bank, 1 AW. Stephenson, collector, {S355 big Bend, 244 miles below Columbus, Gu, right bank. LW. Stephensnn, collector,
‘Gio7 ~-Chattahooches River, Chimney Bull, Chattahoochee County, Ga. TW. Stanton and L. W. Stephenson, collectors.
—Chattahooches River, Uches Shoals, 13 or {4 malles below Columbus, Ga, riehtbank. TW. Sianien, collector.
‘No number—chattahoochea River, Eucheo Rapids, Slick Blut, about 14 or 14 miles below Columbus, Ga. right bank.
Sis) ~Cha\tahooctiea River, Durdooks Landing, 12 mies below Columbus, Ga, right bank, VT. ton and L.. W. Stephenson, collectors. S71, s97—Bed of Ochillen Cresk at Ochillc, Chat{ahoosties ogi ‘Otto Veatch and 1, 1. Stephenson, collectors.
5355. —Onehalf milo below Broken Ar Bend, 10 mil bus, Ga. L. W. Stephenson, collector Hl ish cunt —chal anon Te erry tear Arrow Hand, Atabamna ee, 104 males Duiow Columbus, Ga, tn Russell County. T.W. Stanton and L..W. Stephan
‘S371, 6i77-—Bluff of Upatol Creak, 7 miles southeast of Columbus, Ga., below the Cusseta road bridme. Otto Veatch and 1. W_ Stephenson, collectors. GH0.—Steam Mil road, 7 milena little south of east of ‘Golambus! Ga,, east slope of Tiger Creok valley. ‘LW, Stephenson, collector,
oT jtephenson, collector. Ga. L.W. Stephenson, collector.
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CRETACEOUS DEPOSITS OF THE EASTERN GULF REGION. 25
BASAL BEDS OF THE EUTAW FORMATION. .
Sixteen species have been determined from the basal 100 or 150 feet of the Eutaw forma- tion in the Chattahoochee region, and a few poorly preserved specimens, including Ostrea, Gryphxa, Pecten, and Cardium, have been found at and near the base of the formation on Alabama River north of Montgomery. Except for these no invertebrates are known in the basal beds of the Eutaw of the eastern Gulf region.
RANGE OF THE SPECIES.
The 16 species identified from the basal beds of the Eutaw formation in the Chattahoochee
region are as follows:* Fossils from basal beds of the Eutaw formation.
Mollusca: | Mollusca— Continued. Nucula percrassa Conrad. ab ¢ d. Pholadomya sp. nov. d. Perna sp. nov. cd. Etea carolinensis Conrad. abcd. Ostrea cretacea Morton. ec d. Cyprimeria depressa Conrad. a b ¢ d. O. sp. nov.? (cf. undescribed species from House Bluff, Baroda sp. nov. d.
Alabama River, Ala.). ¢d? Leptosolen biplicata (Conrad). a bc d. O. sp. (aff. O. lugubris Conrad). d. Cymbophora lintea (Conrad). ab ed. Exogyra upatoiensis Stephenson. d. Corbula carolinensis Conrad. 6 ¢ d. Pecten sp. nov. ed. Placenticeras sp. (aff. P. guadalupze Roemer). d. Anomia sp. nov. (also found at Snow Hill, N. C., etc.).
bed.
Of the 16 species listed 5 are restricted to the basal beds of the Eutaw; 10, or questionably 11, range upward into the Mortoniceras subzone. Of these last, 7 continue above the Mor- toniceras subzone into the upper part of the Exogyra ponderosa zone; and 5 of these range on upward into the Exogyra costata zone. None of the 5 restricted species are known from sur- face outcrops in the Carolinas or in New Jersey. However, one of them, Exogyra wpatoiensis Stephenson, has been recognized recently in a well sample obtained from the depths 1,974 to 2,007 feet in a well boring at Charleston, S. C., and in the same sample was found an oyster related to Ostrea lugubris Conrad, but differing slightly from the similarly related oyster found in the basal beds of the Eutaw in the Chattahoochee region.
CORRELATION.
Invertebrates —The 5 forms restricted to the basal beds of the Eutaw formation are all new to science and therefore afford but little positive evidence as to the age of the terrane. However, the beds in which they are found are known to occupy a position stratigraphically lower than any other marine invertebrate-bearing beds thus far discovered in the eastern Gulf region, and for this reason, if for no other, the fauna must be regarded as the oldest of its kind known in the region. The new species Exogyra upatoiensis Stephenson, which occurs in the marine beds near the base of the formation, has a markedly different surface sculpture from the other known species of this genus in the Atlantic and eastern Gulf Cretaceous. (See Pl. XIII, figs. 1-4.) The presence of this species and of the fiuted oyster related to Ostrea lugubris Conrad which occurs in the Eagle Ford shale of Texas may perhaps be considered paleontologic evidence of the greater age of this fauna. As the conditions for the preservation of one species of oyster are as favorable as they are for the preservation of any other species of the same family, this new species of Exogyra and the fluted oyster would be expected to appear in the collections from the overlying Tombigbee sand member if, in this region, they had lived con- temporaneously with the oyster Lxogyra ponderosa Roemer, which is common in that member.
From the range determinations as stated, the following conclusions have been deduced: (1) The invertebrate fauna present in the basal beds of the Eutaw formation possesses elements in common with Cretaceous faunas of higher horizons in the same region; however, in passing
1 The range of the species is shown by the letters appended: a, Erogyra costata zone; b, Exogyra ponderosa zone above the Mortoniceras subzone; c, Mortoniceras subzone; d, basal beds of Eutaw formation.
26 CRETACEOUS DEPOSITS OF THE EASTERN GULF REGION.
from this basal horizon to the successively higher horizons the number of common species diminishes. (2) Although showing this relationship the fauna contains elements distinct from anything known at higher horizons. (3) It bears about the same relationship to the invertebrate fauna present in the upper part of the Black Creek formation of the Carolinas that it does to. the fauna of the basal beds of the Ripley formation (part of Ezxogyra ponderosa zone between the Mortoniceras subzone and the Exogyra costata zone) in the Chattahoochee region. The basal beds of the Eutaw formation are therefore stratigraphically lower than the invertebrate- bearing beds of the Black Creek formation and, in the opinion of the writer, correspond approxi- mately to basal noninvertebrate-bearing beds of that formation. (4) The basal beds of the Eutaw are represented at Charleston, S. C., by beds penetrated in a well boring between the depths 1,974 and 2,007 feet, which im turn probably represent the basal beds of the Black Creek formation of the Carolinas. (5) The actual evidence for a comparison of the basal Eutaw fauna with the Cretaceous faunas of New Jersey is sheht, but combined with evidence furnished by the faunas from overlying horizons there seems to be sufficient grounds for correlating the containing strata approximately with the Magothy formation.
To the west, in Alabama and Mississippi, the invertebrate-bearing basal beds of the Eutaw of the Chattahoochee region are represented by corresponding basal Eutaw strata in which no well-preserved invertebrates have as yet been discovered.
Plants —Fossil plants have been obtained at several horizons in that part of the Eutaw formation below the Tombigbee sand member (Mortoniceras subzone). E. W. Berry, who studied them, recognized 27 species. He gives the following statement of his views on the significance of the plant remains in correlation: ?
It is clear that the flora of the Eutaw formation of Georgia is of approximately the same age as the Magothy- Matawan flora of the northern Coastal Plain and the Black Creek flora of the Carolinas. It has much in common with the much more extensive Tuscaloosa flora of western Alabama, but is probably younger than the bulk of the Tuscaloosa flora or that found in the Middendorf arkose member of the Black Creek formation.
The evidence furnished by the plants as interpreted by Berry is in essential agreement with that afforded by the vertebrates.
The Coffee sand member of the Eutaw formation, which is believed to be included within the part of the Exogyra ponderosa zone above the Mortoniceras subzone, has yielded the species Salix eutawensis Berry. This species was found by the writer in a cut of the Nashville, Chat- tanooga & St. Louis Railway a short distance east of the station at Parsons, Decatur County, Tenn., and was identified by Berry. This form occurs in the extreme basal beds of the Eutaw formation at Broken Arrow Bend on Chattahoochee River and in the Black Creek formation of North Carolina, which indicates that the species ranges from the base of the Eutaw formation well up into the Exogyra ponderosa zone. The presence of the species in the Coffee sand tends to confirm the reference of this division to a position below the Exogyra costata zone; it can not, however, be taken as indicating any particular horizon between the base of the Eutaw formation and the top of the Exogyra ponderosa zone.
Vertebrates.—The following vertebrate species, all sharks, have been collected from beds near the base of the Eutaw formation at Broken Arrow Bend: Coraz falcatus Agassiz, Lamna texana Roemer, Otodus appendiculatus Agassiz. As these species are all known to have a wide strati- graphic range they have no value in close correlation.
EXOGYRA PONDEROSA ZONE.? RANGE OF THE SPECIES.
The species Exogyra ponderosa Roemer makes its first appearance near the base of the Tombigbee sand member of the Eutaw formation and ranges up to about the middle of the Selma chalk and its corresponding nonchalky equivalents. The lower boundary of this zone is shown in Plates IX and X by the red letter P and the upper boundary by the red line 2. The restriction of the species in stratigraphic range and its broad geographic distribution within the limits of its
1 Berry, E. W., The Upper Cretaceous and Eocene floras of South Carolina and Georgia: Prof. Paper U. S. Geol. Survey No. 84 (in press). =See pp. 41-50.
EXOGYRA PONDEROSA ZONE. DAT
range render it a characteristic form possessing value in correlation. The appropriateness of the name Exogyra ponderosa to designate the zone in which the species occurs is, therefore, apparent. The species, including its varietal form Exogyra ponderosa var. erraticostata Steph- enson, has been found at 69 authentic localities in the belt of outcrop of the zone in the eastern Gulf region. By detailed collecting this number could be multiplied many times.
Within the stratigraphic limits of the zone of Hxogyra ponderosa in the eastern Gulf region the following 99 species (questionably 103) are known to occur:
Fossils from zone of Exogyra ponderosa.
Echinodermata: Mollusca—Continued. Cassidulus subquadratus Conrad. a be. P. burlingtonensis Gabb. be. Vermnes: P. quinquenarius Conrad. a be. Serpula cretacea (Conrad). a be, P. sp. nov. (also found at Snow Hill, N. C., etc.). S. sp. (nearly straight tube). a be. be d. Hamulus onyx Morton. a be. Lima reticulata Forbes. a be. H. squamosus Gabb. a be. L. pelagica (Morton). a be? H. major Gabb. be. Anomia argentaria Morton. a be. Mollusca: A. lintea Conrad. a? be. Nucula percrassa Conrad. a be d. : A.sp. nov. (also found at Snow Hill, N.C., ete.). bed. N. eufalensis Gabb. a be. Paranomia scabra (Morton). a be. N. sp. (cf. undescribed species from Snow Hill, Cymelia bella Conrad. a be. INE Oh ))s aes Liopistha alternata Weller. be. Leda pinnaforma Gabb. a bce. L. sp. (aff. L. alternata Weller). bc. L. longifrons Conrad. a be. | Veniella conradi (Morton). a be. L. protexta Gabb. a be. Etea carolinensis Conrad. a be d. Perrisonota protexta Conrad. a bc. | Eriphyla conradi (Whitfield). be. Cucullaa carolinensis (Gabb). be. Vetericardia crenalirata (Conrad). a be. Trigonoarea maconensis (Conrad). be. Crassatellites carolinensis Conrad. be? Breviarca umbonata (Conrad). be. C. sp.nov. be. Nemodon brevifrons Conrad. a be. Scambula perplana Conrad. a be. N. sp.nov. be. Radiolites austinensis Roemer. be. Barbatia lintea Conrad. be Arena carolinensis Conrad. be. Glycymeris subaustralis (D’Orbieny). a be. Lucina glebula Conrad. be. Gervilliopsis ensiformis (Conrad). a be. Tenea pinguis (Conrad). a be. Perna sp. nov. (found at Broken Arrow Bend, Ala.-Ga., | Cardium eufaulense Conrad. a be. etc.). bed. C. spillmani Conrad. a be. Ostrea plumosa Morton. a be. C. alabamense Gabb. a de. O. tecticosta Gabb. a be. C. dumosum Conrad. a be. O. larva Lamarck. a be. Isocardia cliffwoodensis Weller. be? O. cretacea Morton. be d. Cyprimeria depressa Conrad. a be d. O. diluviana Linneus. be. C. alta Conrad. a be. O. panda Morton. a be. | C. densata (Conrad). a be. O, sp. nov. (large). be. Aphrodina regia Conrad. be. ; O-sp. nov. (first found at House Bluff, Ala.). bed? | Oyclothyris alta Conrad. be. : O. sp.nov. (also found at Blue Banks Landing, N. C., |» Legumen planulatum (Conrad). a be. etc.). be. - Baroda carolinensis Conrad. bc. O. sp. nov. (very irregular). a be. i Linearia metastriata Conrad. a be. O. sp. noy. (from near Hatchechubbee). be. Linearia? ornatissima Weller. a be. Grypheea vesicularis Lamarck. a be. Leptosolen biplicata (Conrad). a be d. G. vomer (Morton). a be. Cymbophora lintea (Conrad). a be d. G. aucella Roemer. be. Schizodesma appressa Gabb. a be. G. sp. (smooth, convex). be. Corbula crassiplica Gabb. a be. Exogyra ponderosa Roemer. bc. C. carolinensis Conrad. be d. E. ponderosa var. erraticostata Stephenson. be. Panopea decisa Conrad. a be: Trigonia eufalensis Gabb. a be. Gastrocheena americana Gabb. a be. T. sp. nov. (also found at Snow Hill, N. C., etc.). be. | Dentalium ripleyanum Gabb. a be. Pecten quinquecostatus Sowerby. a be. D.sp.nov. a be. P. argillensis Conrad. a be? Cadulus obnutus (Conrad). a be. P. simplicius Conrad. a be. Lunatia obliquata Meek and Hayden. a be.
la, Exogyra costata zone; be, Exogyra ponderosa zone as a whole, not necessarily both subzones; d, basal beds of Eutaw formation.
28 CRETACEOUS DEPOSITS OF THE EASTERN GULF REGION.
Mollusca—Continued. Mollusca—Continued. Gyrodes abyssina (Morton). a be. B. asper Morton. be. G. crenata Conrad. a be. Placenticeras planum Hyatt. be. Turritella trilira Conrad. a be. P. guadalupee (Roemer). bc. T. quadrilira Johnson. be. Mortoniceras sp. (aff. M. texanum (Roemer) ). be. Nautilus sp. nov. (large). be. Hamites torquatus Morton. bc.
Baculites anceps Lamarck? be.
Of the species listed 37 are restricted to the Exogyra ponderosa zone; 10, or questionably 11, range downward into the basal beds of the Eutaw formation (in the Chattahoochee region only); and 58, or questionably 60, range upward into the overlying Exogyra costata zone. Two, which occur in the zone of Hxogyra costata, are questionably present in the Exogyra ponderosa zone.
Of the 37 restricted species 20 occur in the marine invertebrate-bearmg beds forming the upper part of the Black Creek formation of the Carolinas, and of these but 1, and that ques- tionably, occurs in the basal beds of the overlymg Peedee sand of the same region; in addition 1 Black Creek species is questionably identified from the Exogyra ponderosa zone. Of the 37 species 6 occur! in the Matawan group of New Jersey; and all 6 except the species Liopistha alternata are common to the Black Creek formation of the Carolinas. The genus Mortoniceras, which in the eastern Gulf region occurs only in the Mortoniceras subzone, is present in New Jersey only in the Merchantville clay marl, which forms the basal formation of the Matawan group. None of the 37 species have been reported from the overlying Monmouth group, and but 1, Turritella quadrilira Johnson, from the underlying Magothy formation.
SUBZONES OF THE EXOGYRA PONDEROSA ZONE.
OCCURRENCE OF THE FOSSILS.
The zone of Exogyra ponderosa is divisible paleontologically into two parts—first, the Mortoniceras subzone, which, from Chattahoochee River to Aberdeen, Miss., is regarded as approximately coincident with the Tombigbee sand member of the Eutaw formation, the chief occurrence of the genus Mortoniceras, however, being in the upper 75 to 100 feet of that member; and second, the remainder of the zone, or the part included between the Mortoniceras subzone and the base of the overlying Fxogyra costata zone. Localities on Chattahoochee River and in eastern Alabama have yielded the bulk of the species from both of these parts.
The Tombigbee sand, where overlain by the Selma chalk, does not terminate abruptly in its upper part, but passes by gradation through 5 to 10 feet of impure sandy limestone into the overlying chalk rock. The species characteristic of the Mortoniceras subzone are not restricted to the typical Tombigbee sand strata but range upward into these transition beds, for which reason the latter are considered to belong to the Tombigbee sand member rather than to the Selma chalk. In the region between Montgomery, Ala., and the vicinity of Hamburg, in Perry County, Ala., collections have been made at numerous places in fields where the fossils have weathered from these transition beds. For the purpose of this discussion these collections have been considered as coming from the Mortoniceras subzone, although there is admittedly a chance for the intermixture of fossils weathered from slightly higher beds of the Selma chalk. Portions of the matrix, however, adhere to many specimens, thus affording a means of judging of the approximate stratigraphic positions of the beds from which they were weathered. The possible error is in any event too slight to justify discarding the many valuable specimens obtained from this source.
1 This statement is made on the assumption that Isocardia cliffwoodensis Weller is correctly identified, and that Lucina glebula Conrad and Lucina cretacea Whitfield are synonymous.
EXOGYRA PONDEROSA ZONE.
MORTONICERAS SUBZONE.
Seventy-two species, questionably 75,
are as follows:!
r
Fossils from Mortoniceras subzone.
Echinodermata: Cassidulus subquadratus Conrad. ae. Vermes: Serpula sp. (nearly straight tube). ae. Hamulus onyx Morton. abe. H. squamosus Gabb. abe. H. major Gabb. abe. Mollusca: Nucula percrassa Conrad. a6 ed. N. eufalensis Gabb. ae. N. sp. (cf. sp. nov. from Snow Hill, N. C.). Leda longifrons Conrad. abc. Perrisonota protexta Conrad. ac. Cucullea carolinensis (Gabb). 6c. Breviarca umbonata (Conrad). c. Nemodon sp. nov. 6c. Barbatia lintea Conrad. 6 c. Gervilliopsis ensiformis (Conrad). a 6c. Perna sp. nov. (found at Broken Arrow Ben Ga., etc.). ed. Ostrea plumosa Morton. «a bc. . tecticosta Gabb. abe. . cretacea Morton. cd. . diluyiana Linneeus. . . panda Morton. abc. . sp. nov. (first found at House Bluff, Ala.). sp. nov. (also found at Blue Banks Landing etc.). be. O. sp. nov. (from near Hatchechubbee, Ala.). Grypheea aucella Roemer. 0 c. Exogyra ponderosa Roemer. bc. E. ponderosa var. erraticostata Stephenson. Trigonia eufalensis Gabb. ac. Pecten quinquecostatus Sowerby. abc. P. argillensis Conrad. a b? c? P. simplicius Conrad. abc. P. burlingtonensis Gabb. 6c. P. sp. nov. ed. Lima reticulata Forbes. a bc. L. pelagica (Morton). a c? Anomia argentaria Morton. abc.
SiSierOrSr©
| Mollusca—Continued.
bed. Cymella bella Conrad. a bc. Liopistha alternata Weller. c. L. sp. (aff. L. alternata Weller). c. Veniella conradi (Morton). abe. [tea carolinensis Conrad. a bed. Vetericardia crenalirata (Conrad). ac. Crassatellites carolinensis Conrad. 6? c? be. Radiolites austinensis Roemer. 0) c. Arena carolinensis Conrad. c. Lucina glebula Conrad. 6? e. Tenea pinguis (Conrad). ac. Cardium eufaulense Conrad. abe. C. spillmani Conrad. abe. Cardium alabamense Gabb. ac. Cyprimeria depressa Conrad. ab ed. d, Ala.- Cyclothyris alta Conrad. 6 ec. Legumen planulatum (Conrad). a bc. Linearia metastriata Conrad. ac. Leptosolen biplicata (Conrad). ab ed. Cymbophora lintea (Conrad). a6 ed. Schizodesma appressa Gabb. abe. Corbula crassiplica Gabb. abe.
cd? C. carolinensis Conrad. 6 ed. , N.C, Dentalium ripleyanum Gabb. abe. D. sp. nov. ae. ¢. Cadulus obnutus (Conrad). ae.
Gyrodes abyssina (Morton). ac. be. G. crenata Conrad. abe. Turritella trilira Conrad. abe. T. quadrilira Johnson. 0c. Nautilus sp. nov. (large). ¢. Baculites anceps Lamarck? ec. B. asper Morton. 06. Placenticeras planum Hyatt. c. P. guadalupze (Roemer). c.
Hamites torquatus Morton. ce.
are known from the Mortoniceras subzone.
Anomia sp. noy. (also found at Snow Hill, N.
Lunatia obliquata Meek and Hayden. abc.
Mortoniceras sp. (aff. texanum (Roemer)).
These
Cetera:
Of the species listed 12, questionably 13, are restricted to the Mortoniceras subzone; 10, questionably 11, range downward into the basal beds of the Eutaw formation; 43, questionably 44, range up into the part of the Exogyra ponderosa zone above the Mortoniceras subzone; 40 of
the 72 occur in the Exogyra costata zone. questionably present in the Mortoniceras subzone.
Two known to be present in higher horizons are Crassatellites carolinensis Conrad and Cor-
bula carolinensis Conrad, though questionably identified, belong to types not known to range above the zone of Exogyra ponderosa and are here treated as correctly identified.
Of the 13 restricted species 2 cccur in the marine invertebrate-bearing beds forming the upper part of the Black Creek formation of the Carolinas, and none are known in the overlying Peedee sand of that region. Of the 13 restricted species, 1, Liopistha alternata Weller, occurs in New Jersey, where it is confined to the Merchantville clay marl which forms the base of the Matawan group. The genus Mortoniceras, which is represented in the eastern Gulf region by
la, Exogyra costata zone; b, Exogyra ponderosa zone above the Mortoniceras subzone; c, Mortoniceras subzone; d, basal beds of Eutaw formation.
30 CRETACEOUS DEPOSITS OF THE EASTERN GULF REGION. Mortoniceras sp. (aff. JL texanum Roemer), is represented in New Jersey by Mortoniceras delawarense (Morton); the latter is also confined to the Merchantville clay marl.
PART OF EXOGYRA PONDEROSA ZONE BETWEEN THE MORTONICERAS SUBZONE AND THE EXOGYRA COSTATA ZONE.
From the part of the zone of Exogyra ponderosa included between the top of the Morton- iceras subzone and the base of the Exogyra costata zone 70 species, questionably 74, are known. These are as follows:
Fossils from the part of the Exogyra ponderosa zone between the Mortoniceras subzone and the zone of Exogyra costatat
Vermes: | Mollusca—Continued. Serpula cretacea (Conrad). a 6. Anomia argentaria Morton. abe. Hamulus onyx Morton. abc. | A. lintea Conrad. a? b. H. squamosus Gabb. abe. A. sp. nov. (also found at Snow Hill, N. C., etc.). H. major Gabb. be. | bed. Mollusca: | Paranomia scabra (Morton). a b. Nucula percrassa Conrad. abcd. Cymella bella Conrad. abe. N. sp. (cf. undescribed species from Snow Hill, N. C.). Veniella conradi (Morton). abc. be. Etea carolinensis Conrad. abc d. Leda pinnaforma Gabb. a b. | Eriphyla conradi (Whitfield). 6. L. longifrons Conrad. 2 bc. | Crassatellites carolinensis Conrad. 0b? c? L. protexta Conrad. ab. C.sp. nov. 6. Cucullza carolinensis (Gabb). 6 ec. Scambula perplana Conrad. a 6b. Trigonoarca maconensis (Conrad). b. Radiolites austinensis Roemer. bc. Nemodon brevifrons Conrad. a b. Lucina glebula Conrad. 6? c. N.sp. nov. de. Cardium eufaulense Conrad. a be. Barbatia lintea Conrad. dc. C. spillmani Conrad. abe. Glycymeris subaustralis (D’Orbigny). a b. | C. dumosum Conrad. a 6b. Gervilliopsis ensiformis (Conrad). abc. Isocardia cliffwoodensis Weller (?) b. Ostrea plumosa Morton. a 6c. Cyprimeria depressa Conrad. a bed. O. tecticosta Gabb. abe. C. alta Conrad. ab. O. larva Lamarck. ab. C. densata (Conrad). ab. O. panda Morton. abe. Aphrodina regia Conrad. 0. O. sp. nov. (large). 0b. Cyclothyris alta Conrad. 6c. O.sp. nov. (also found at Blue Banks Landing, N. C., | Legumen planulatum (Conrad). abe. ete.). be. Baroda carolinensis Conrad. b. O. sp. nov. (very irregular). a b. Linearia? ornatissima Weller. a b. Gryphiea vesicularis Lamarck. a b. Leptosolen biplicata (Conrad). a bed. G. vomer (Morton). a b. Cymbophora lintea (Conrad). abed. G. aucella Roemer. be. Schizodesma appressa Gabb. abc. G. sp. (smooth, convex). 0b. Corbula crassiplica Gabb. abe. Exogyra ponderosa Roemer. be. C. carolinensis Conrad. bed. E. ponderosa var. erraticostata Stephenson. bc. Panopea decisa Conrad. ab. Trigonia sp. noy. (also found at Snow Hill, N. C., Gastrochzena americana Gabb. a b. etc.). 6. Dentalium ripleyanum Gabb. abc. Pecten quinquecostatus Sowerby. abc. Lunatia obliquata Meek and Hayden. abe. P. argillensis Conrad. a b? c? Gyrodes crenata Conrad. abc. P. simplicius Conrad. abc. Turritella trilira Conrad. a be. P. burlingtonensis Gabb. bc. T. quadrilira Johnson. bc. P. quinquenarius Conrad. a b. Baculites asper Morton. 6 ¢.
Lima reticulata Forbes. a 6c.
Of the species listed 8, questionably 9, are restricted to that part of the zone of Exogyra ponderosa under consideration; 44 range downward into the Mortoniceras subzone; 7 range on downward into the basal beds of the Eutaw formation (Chattahoochee region); and 46, ques- tionably 47, range upward into the zone of Exogyra costata. Crassatellites carolinensis Conrad, though questionably identified, belongs to a flat type of the genus restricted in range below the Exogyra costata zone and is treated as an identified species. Three species are questionably identified from the beds under consideration.
la, Exogyra costata zone; b, Exogyra ponderosa zone above Mortoniceras subzone: c, Mortoniceras subzone; d, basal beds of Eutaw formation.
EXOGYRA PONDEROSA ZONE. 31
Of the 9 restricted species 8 (if Isocardia cliffwoodensis Weller is correctly identified) occur in the marine invertebrate-bearing beds forming the upper part of the Black Creek formation of the Carolinas, and 1 of the 8 occurs questionably in the extreme base of the overlying Peedee sand of the same region.
Only 1 of the 9 restricted species, Hriphyla conradi (Whitfield), occurs in the Matawan group of New Jersey, and this one is common to the Merchantville clay marl and the Woodbury clay—the two basal formations of that group. None are known in the overlying Monmouth group of that State.
CORRELATION OF THE EXOGYRA PONDEROSA ZONE.
INVERTEBRATES.
The Carolinas.—A study of the invertebrates of the Carolina Cretaceous deposits has shown a restriction in the stratigraphic range of the species Hxogyra ponderosa in that region similar to that of the same species in the eastern Gulf region. In the Carolinas the vertical ranges of typical specimens of Exogyra ponderosa and Ezogyra costata overlap little if any, the former apparently disappearing at about the horizon where the latter makes its appearance. Exogyra ponderosa occurs in the marine invertebrate-bearmg beds forming the upper part of the Black Creek formation. The synchroneity of these beds with at least a part of the Exogyra ponderosa zone of the eastern Gulf region is clearly shown, not only by the presence of this species but by that of numerous other similarly restricted species; for, as shown by the statement of ranges on a preceding page, of 37 species restricted to the zone of Exogyra ponderosa in the eastern Gulf region 20 occur associated with the same species in the Carolinas, and only 1 questionably iden- tified form is known in the overlying Peedee sand in association with EHxogyra costata—and that one questionably identified form, Exogyra ponderosa var. erraticostata Stephenson, occurs only in the extreme basal beds of the Peedee sand. The Exogyra ponderosa zone of the eastern Gulf region is therefore with confidence correlated with a part of the Black Creek formation of the Carolinas. However, the apparent absence from the marie invertebrate-bearmg beds of the Black Creek formation of those species regarded as characteristic of the Mortoniceras subzone in the eastern Gulf region is taken to indicate that this part of the zone of Hxogyra ponderosa is represented in the Carolinas by a part of the Black Creek formation below the imvertebrate- bearing beds of that terrane. The Black Creek fauna is strictly comparable with the fauna from localities on Chattahoochee River between Florence and the lower end of Roods Bend, Stewart County, Ga., an air-line distance of 5 to 6 miles, and from localities in the vicinity of Union Springs, Bullock County, Ala. These beds represent a part of the zone of Exogyra ponderosa above the Mortoniceras subzone. ;
New Jersey.—In the New Jersey Cretaceous the species Exogyra ponderosa and Exogyra costata do not overlap in their ranges, the former bemg known only from the Marshalltown formation of the Matawan group, and the latter beg restricted to the Monmouth group. Of the 37 species which in the eastern Gulf region are restricted to the zone of Exogyra ponderosa, 6 are common to the Matawan, and none of the 37 are known in the Monmouth (Ezogyra costata zone of New Jersey). All of the 6 except the species Liopistha alternata Weller, occur in the marine invertebrate-bearing beds of the Black Creek formation of the Carolinas.
It is believed, therefore, that the Matawan represents approximately the Exogyra ponderosa zone of the eastern Gulf region. The occurrence of the genus Mortoniceras and the species Liopistha alternata Weller in the Merchantville clay marl, which forms the basal formation of the Matawan group, is taken to indicate that the Merchantville is synchronous with the Mortoni- ceras subzone (lower part of zone of Exogyra ponderosa) of the eastern Gulf region, these two forms being considered characteristic of that horizon. However, specimens of Mortoniceras which have been referred to Mortoniceras delawarense (Morton) have been obtained from the Campanien (upper Senonian) of France,! and specimens referred to Mortoniceras texanum (Roemer) have come from the lower part of the Santonien (lower Senonian) of the same country.2
1 Pervinquiére, L., Céphalopodes des terrains secondaires: Carte géologique de la Tunisie, Etudes de la paléontologie tunisienne, I, 1907, pp. 243-245, Pl. XI, figs. 21 a-b, 22.
2 De Grossouvre, A., Les ammonites de la craie supérieure: Mém. expl. Carte géol. de la France—Recherches sur la craie supérieure, paléon- tologie, pt. 2, 1896, pp. 80-83, PI. XVI, figs. 2, 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, Pl. XVI, figs. la, 1b.
32 CRETACEOUS DEPOSITS OF THE EASTERN GULF REGION.
Tt is not certain that these forms have been correctly identified with the American species, but in view of the higher range of the genus in the European Cretaceous than in the supposed corre- sponding deposits in America it is best not to rely too strongly on this evidence in attempting to correlate exactly the eastern Gulf and New Jersey Cretaceous deposits. The remainder of the Matawan group, including in ascending order the Woodbury clay, the Englishtown sand, the Marshalltown formation, and the Wenonah sand, is believed to correspond to the part of the zone of Exogyra ponderosa between the Mortoniceras subzone and the base of the zone of Exogyra costata of the eastern Gulf region.
Texas —The Mortoniceras subzone contains a number of mollusca known to be common to the Austin chalk of Texas and particularly to the upper part of that formation. These are as
follows: Fossils common to Mortoniceras subzone and Austin chalk.
Ostrea diluviana Linnzus. | Baculites anceps Lamarck? Grypheea aucella Roemer. B. asper Morton.
Exogyra ponderosa Roemer. Placenticeras planum Hyatt. Radiolites austinensis Roemer. P. guadalupze (Roemer).
In the eastern Gulf region 4 of the species named in the list—Gryphea aucella Roemer, Exo- gyra ponderosa Roemer, Radiolites austinensis Roemer, and Baculites asper Morton—are known to range above the Mortoniceras subzone into the basal beds of the overlying Selma chalk. The remainder appear to be restricted to the Mortoniceras subzone. In Texas 1 of the listed species, Exogyra ponderosa Roemer, is known to range above the Austin chalk into the Taylor marl, and it is probable that future studies will reveal a higher range for some of the other species. Mor- toniceras sp. (aff. If. teranwm Roemer) of the eastern Gulf region is probably represented in the Austin chalk, but this has not been certainly verified. It seems probable that the Mortoniceras subzone of the eastern Gulf region will be found to be synchronous with a part of the Austin chalk.
This correlation has aready been suggested by Stanton.!. Referring to the occurrence of Placenticeras syrtale var. halei Hyatt in Greene County, Ala., he says in a footnote quotation by Hyatt: ““Age: This specimen is probably from the Eutaw beds, which are probably very near the horizon of Placenticeras guadalupe [Austin chalk] m Texas.’ Stanton,? in discussing the distribution of faunas of Colorado age, with which the Austin chalk is correlated, also states:
No marine faunas of Colorado age are known in the Atlantic and Gulf borders east of western Arkansas, unless possibly the imperfectly known fauna of the Eutaw or ‘‘Tombigbee” sand of Mississippi belongs to its latest phase.
However, so little is known of the fauna of the overlying Taylor marl that an attempt at exact correlation would be premature, especially as investigations are now being conducted in that region.
VERTEBRATES.
Teeth and fragmental bones of vertebrates occur in places in the Exogyra ponderosa zone
in the eastern Gulf region. The following species of fish have been identified:
Fish remains from Exogyra ponderosa zone.
Corax faicatus Agassiz (shark). Enchodus ? petrosus Cope (identified by J. W. Gidley). Lamna texana Roemer (shark). Ptychodus martini Williston? Otodus appendiculatus Agassiz (shark). Hemiptychodus moxtoni Mantell.
Ischyrhiza mira Leidy (identified by J. W. Gidley).
The 5 first-named forms have a wide vertical range and are of no value in close correlation. The species Ptychodus martini Williston? and Hemiptychodus mortoni Mantell are limited in range in the eastern Gulf region to the Mortoniceras subzone; in the western interior region these species occur in the Niobrara formation, but are not known above that formation. Theseforms may prove of value in correlating the eastern Gulf Cretaceous with that of the western interior,
1 Hyatt, Alpheus, Pseudoceratites of the Cretaceous: Mon. U.S. Geol. Survey, vol. 44, 1903, p. 206. 2 Stanton, T. W., Succession and distribution of later Mesozoic invertebrate faunas in North America: Jour. Geology, vol. 17, No. 5, 1909, p. 419.
EXOGYRA PONDEROSA ZONE. 33
although at present their ranges can scarcely be said to be known with sufficient definiteness to permit confident correlation.»
Teeth and fragmental bones of reptiles, including dinosaurs, mosasaurs, crocodiles, and turtles, have been found at numerous localities in the zone, but are for the most part too frag- mentary to permit specific determination. Two species of crocodiles, Thecachampsa rugosa Emmons, and Polydectes biturgidus Cope, from Roods .Bend, Chattahoochee River, iden- tified by C. W. Gilmore, are said by Mr. Gilmore to be identical with species obtained from Phoebus Landing, Cape Fear River, N. C., an upper Black Creek horizon. The evidence fur- nished by these forms tends, therefore; to corroborate the evidence afforded by the fossil inver-
tebrates. PLANTS.
Fossil plants have been found at two localities in the Cusseta sand member of the Ripley formation in Georgia. Stratigraphically, this member falls within that part of the zone of Exogyra ponderosa included between the Mortoniceras subzone and the base of the zone of Exogyra costata. One of these localities is in Marion County, 6 miles northeast of Buena Vista. E. W. Berry, to whom the plants were submitted, recognized six species from this locality, as follows:
Andromeda noveeceesarez Hollick. Ficus georgiana Berry.
Araucaria bladenensis Berry. Manihotites georgiana Berry (same as at McBride Ford). Eucalyptus angusta Velenovsky. Monocotyledon, gen. et sp. nov. (common to the Black Doryanthites cretaceum Berry. Creek and Tuscaloosa formations).
Concerning these he says:!
Three of the foregoing species occur in the underlying Eutaw formation, and all but the Ficus, which is new, are found in the Black Creek formation of North and South Carolina, The Andromeda is a characteristic species of the Black Creek formation and one of the type fossils of the Magothy formation of the northern Coastal Plain, although it makes its earliest appearance in the Raritan formation, as does also the Eucalyptus. None of the six genera except Ficus are represented in the flora of the Montana group, and the latter is represented by very different species. Itseems clear, then, that the Cusseta sand is pre-Montana in age and that it falls within the same general paleobotanic limits that include the Magothy-Matawan, typical Black Creek, Middendorf, and upper Tuscaloosa floras of the East and the flora of a part of the Dakota sandstone of the West.
The other locality is m Houston County, 14 miles northeast of Byron. Concerning these Berry says:
These plants number but three species—Dryopterites stephensoni Berry, Cunninghamites elegans (Corda) End- licher, and Araucaria jeffrey Berry, the first-named form being new to science.
As Dryopterites occurs in the Lower Cretaceous, Dryopteris-like forms are found in post-Cretaceous floras down to the present time, and Dryopteris (Aspidium) is to-day a widespread and dominant genus of ferns, the Georgia species, which is unlike any of the described forms, is of no value in correlation. Of the other two forms, Cunninghamites ele- gans has a rather wide geographic range, occurring both in this country and abroad, and a considerable geologic range. In Europe it ranges from the Cenomanian to the Senonian, inclusive, and in this country it has a parallel range, from the Magothy flora of the East to the Montana flora of the West. It has been recorded from Lower Cretaceous horizons in Europe, but these determinations are believed to be erroneous. The nearest geographic occurrence to that in Georgia is that of the upper part of the Black Creek formation of North Carolina; hence the conclusion that the exposures near Byron are not older than those of the Black Creek and not younger than those of the Montana group appears to be firmly established.
The remaining species, Araucaria jeffreyi, is not a widespread form, and its intimate association with Araucaria bladenensis in the Eutaw formation at Chimney Bluff, Ga., and in the Black Creek formation of North Carolina indicates that it may represent cone scales of the latter species. Taken alone, Araucaria jeffreyi points to the same conclusion regarding the age of the deposits near Byron as does the distribution of Araucaria bladenenisis, but the latter furnishes more definite data.
Araucaria bladenensis is one of the most abundant and typical forms of the Black Creek formation in North and South Carolina, ranging from its base to its summit. It has also been found in the Cusseta sand member of the Ripley formation near Buena Vista, in the Eutaw formation just below the Tombigbee sand member at Chimney Bluff, and in the base of the Eutaw formation in western Alabama. A closely allied or identical form occurs in the Magothy of Maryland and New Jersey, and a similarly